Extraction Technologies for Medicinal and Aromatic ... - Capacity4Dev
Extraction Technologies for Medicinal and Aromatic ... - Capacity4Dev Extraction Technologies for Medicinal and Aromatic ... - Capacity4Dev
13 COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY Figure 14: Separation of WAP-8294A components using HSCCC 13.5.2.7 Other Examples of Separation of Phytoconstituents by CCC Apart from the previously mentioned examples, isolation and purifi cation of polymethoxylated fl avones from tangerine peel, catechin constituents from fi ve tea cultivars, rupestonic acid from the Chinese medicinal plant Artemisia rupestris L., lycopene from tomato paste, spiramycin, gallic acid from Cornus offi cinalis, lutein from the microalga Chlorella vulgaris, naphthopyranone glycosides, salvianolic acid B from the Chinese medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza, dammarane saponins from Panax notoginseng, isofl avan and pterocarpan glycosides from Astragalus membranaceus Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.), glycyrrhizin from the root of liquorice and active principles from the roots of Sophora fl avescens have been carried out successfully using HSCCC. 13.6 Advantages of CCC • Quick (high throughput in preparative separation). • Inexpensive (only solvent costs, which are 5 times less than for other LC techniques). • Gentle and versatile, for separation of varied compounds, with less chance of decomposition. • Able to resolve from milligrams to tens of grams on the same instrument. • Able to switch between normal and reverse phase at will. • A CCC machine, which is a chromatographic column with a liquid stationary phase, can be used as a liquid–liquid reactor for chemical reactions involving a liquid catalyst. 232
EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS • No irreversible adsorption to a solid support (100% recovery of sample). • Increased capacity for the same volume of stationary phase; a CPC column gives a higher capacity than the HPLC one. • Quantity of sample depends on two factors: solubility of the sample and properties of the solvent system. • No sample loss as a simple rinsing of the instrument allows a full recovery of the noneluted fractions. • Easy maintenance, no costly solid phase to change. • No degradation or denaturation of compounds and no interaction with silica. • No polarity restriction; all biphasic mixtures can be used. • Dual mode (off-line and on-line) exchange of stationary and mobile phase (CPC). 13.6.1 Advantages of HSCCC-CPC Technologies over HPLC HSCCC-CPC No column High recovery High throughput Retention of fragile compounds (molecular integrity) Volume ratio of stationary/ mobile very high (better resolution) HPLC Expensive columns Irreversible adsorption Poor loadability Loss of biological activity (denaturation) Ratio is low 13.7 Manufacturers of CCC Instruments 13.7.1 Manufacturers of HSCCC Machines • AECS (http://www.ccc4labprep.com/) • Conway Centri Chrom (http://www.centrichrom.com/) • Dynamic Extractions (http://www.dynamicextractions.com/) • Pharma-tech Research Corporation (http://www.pharma-tech.com/) 13.7.2 Manufacturers of CPC Machines • EverSeiko Corporation (http://www.everseiko.co.jp) • Kromaton Technologies (http://www.kromaton.com/) • Partus Technologies (http://www.partus-technologies.com) 233
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13 COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY<br />
Figure 14: Separation of WAP-8294A components using HSCCC<br />
13.5.2.7 Other Examples of Separation of Phytoconstituents by<br />
CCC<br />
Apart from the previously mentioned examples, isolation <strong>and</strong><br />
purifi cation of polymethoxylated fl avones from tangerine peel, catechin constituents<br />
from fi ve tea cultivars, rupestonic acid from the Chinese medicinal<br />
plant Artemisia rupestris L., lycopene from tomato paste, spiramycin, gallic<br />
acid from Cornus offi cinalis, lutein from the microalga Chlorella vulgaris,<br />
naphthopyranone glycosides, salvianolic acid B from the Chinese medicinal<br />
plant Salvia miltiorrhiza, dammarane saponins from Panax notoginseng, isofl<br />
avan <strong>and</strong> pterocarpan glycosides from Astragalus membranaceus Bge. var.<br />
mongholicus (Bge.), glycyrrhizin from the root of liquorice <strong>and</strong> active principles<br />
from the roots of Sophora fl avescens have been carried out successfully<br />
using HSCCC.<br />
13.6 Advantages of CCC<br />
• Quick (high throughput in preparative separation).<br />
• Inexpensive (only solvent costs, which are 5 times less than<br />
<strong>for</strong> other LC techniques).<br />
• Gentle <strong>and</strong> versatile, <strong>for</strong> separation of varied compounds,<br />
with less chance of decomposition.<br />
• Able to resolve from milligrams to tens of grams on the<br />
same instrument.<br />
• Able to switch between normal <strong>and</strong> reverse phase at will.<br />
• A CCC machine, which is a chromatographic column with a<br />
liquid stationary phase, can be used as a liquid–liquid reactor<br />
<strong>for</strong> chemical reactions involving a liquid catalyst.<br />
232