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government submitted a declaration voluntarily accepting the court’s jurisdiction under<br />
article 12(3) of the ICC’s Rome Statute, or the UN Security Council referred the situation in<br />
South Sudan to the ICC. Establishment of a new ad hoc international court focused on<br />
crimes committed in South Sudan is also theoretically possible, but would present a range<br />
of political, financial, and logistical difficulties.<br />
The international community can also help press for and provide some accountability<br />
through establishing targeted sanctions on key individuals. The US government opened<br />
the way for individual sanctions through an executive order by President Barack Obama on<br />
April 4. On May 6 the US imposed sanctions against the opposition commander Peter<br />
Gadet and the head of the government’s presidential guard force, Marial Chanuong. On<br />
July 10 the European Union imposed sanctions on Gadet and a government SPLA<br />
commander Santino Deng. The AU Peace and Security Council have said they “intend to<br />
take appropriate measures including targeted sanctions” on South Sudanese leaders who<br />
commit human rights abuses or incite violence and should follow through on this<br />
warning. 221 The UN Security Council should also impose sanctions on individuals<br />
responsible for serious crimes.<br />
221 African Union Peace and Security Council website,“411 th Meeting of the Peace and Security Council at the level of Heads<br />
of State and Government on the Situation in South Sudan”, December 30, 2013, http://www.peaceau.org/en/article/411thmeeting-of-the-peace-and-security-council-at-the-level-of-heads-of-state-and-government-on-the-situation-in-south-sudan<br />
(accessed May 18, 2014).<br />
91 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | AUGUST 2014