Hydro-ecological relations in the Delta Waters

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During the 19th century man starts interfering directly by engineertns works of ever increaslag dimensions. me last decades are marked h W fnfluence of mprecedented scale and Fntensfty. a 3 MAJOR CHANGES IS TEE TJDAL LANILSCAPE OVER WE LAST nEGaDES 3.1 Different categories Pfter empletimn of the Delta Project in 1987, the waters of the South- West Netherlands may be divided into faw categories (Pig. 5): I L 1 Figure S The South-Ueet %echerIands after cwple€ian e? the Delta Prnject - category BaringvlTet: basins wit% wly a closure Bern at eke sward side, almDst totally discomscced frmn tidd iafheaces but nick a substanrial direct fluvial inflow (Earfngvliet - HolMsch Diep, Brlelse mer) :
- category Grevelingen: basins with closure dams at hn, sides, disconnected from tidal influences and without any [Qrevelingenmeer. Veerse Meer) ar with very limited fluvial influences (Volkerak - Zoommeer) ; - Oostecschelde: a basin with a half open dam at the seaward side and closure dams at the lahdward side, with reduced tide and disconnected from fluvial inflnences; - Westerschelde: an estuary 13 the true sense, with both tidal and fluvial imflueuces. Construction of rhe seaward closure dams has disrupted the former morphirlogical uncity of estuary and ebb tidal delta into two distinct subsysrems: a basin and a (relict) ebb tidal delta. In general, tidal currents and -ranges have been reduced and fluvial influencee limited, while wave impacts have remained unchanged. 3.2 Category Haringvliet Within the Haringvliet hasin fluvial currents and waves are the only geomorphelogicalIy active forces left after fiiaishfng of the Harfn~vliet nam in 1971. The tidal Emge has been diminished from ca. 2 m to a negligible 0.2-0.35 m. The ahst total disconnection from tiaal iniluences has kmcked large scale sedimentation in tba channels (Pi&. 6) and erosion of shoals and mudflafs; the shorefaces of several Figure 6 Channel sedimentation in the Haringvliet-Hollandsch Riep basin over the period 1970-1983 (Van Otterloo, et ill. 1987)
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Netherlands organkation fw applied
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TNO Commlitee on Hydrological Resea
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2 RIVER WATER AM) THE QPALITH OF TB
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B.J.M. Baptist BIJkswaterstaat. Tid
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This approach will put to use what
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Estuaries that have not been influe
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2 CHIWGES XN TEE DELTA The Delta ar
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area decltned cnnside~ably, leadins
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Plan, then it is apparent tbt the s
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Tiddl flats df the Eastem Seheldt v
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tracefore possible to convert the a
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Figsrlre 7 Changes in the cadrnrum
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prevention measures are desirable h
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elationships between different spec
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Bio-essay Weriments with polluted s
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considerable thought to drawing up
Page 35 and 36: ShLOUONS, W. and BYSINK, W.D., 1981
Page 37 and 38: are taken. The first year after the
Page 39 and 40: The Hollands DiepJnaringpllet is pa
Page 41 and 42: In 1976 the determination of chlozo
Page 43 and 44: , 0.66 m 0,s - 0.02 1989 I 0.86 - 0
Page 45 and 46: Table 3 Eutrophication of the Volke
Page 47 and 48: Laks Volkarek ---- Lake Zoom 0.40 0
Page 49 and 50: 4 WAGBEET MEdSIIRaS TO PEEVBT OR LT
Page 51 and 52: Table 5 gives estimtes of the phosp
Page 53 and 54: In principle, two states of equilib
Page 55 and 56: Zooplankton (Alma affinis) Pike (Es
Page 58 and 59: EUTROPHICATION OF ESTUAAIES AND BRA
Page 60 and 61: The average discharge of Xhine and
Page 62 and 63: and only l-2% cows frm the aive Sch
Page 64 and 65: highest trophic potential: nutrient
Page 66 and 67: period 1980-19$3 in an increase of
Page 68 and 69: model calculations reveal that a ni
Page 70 and 71: Table 3 PreUmInary carbon budget of
Page 72 and 73: Water life of Lake Grevelingen
Page 74 and 75: macrophytes livkg on or rooting in
Page 76 and 77: less predictable for water managers
Page 78 and 79: ILWNEWIJK, A.. KEIP, C., 1988. De v
Page 80 and 81: XBE CHANGING TmAL LAMXiCAPE I N TEE
Page 82 and 83: The storm surke of L&Z1 A.D., knorm
Page 84 and 85: osi* rn@8IOIP m .SL 4 Has F~~ULB 3
Page 88 and 89: mudflats have retreated some 100-20
Page 90 and 91: aq811~33a.e~ pue 3pTatlJS uxaJsafi
Page 92 and 93: Erosion by waves of sandy shoals (c
Page 94 and 95: Lt has been estimated that the sedi
Page 96 and 97: Implementafion of the Delta Project
Page 98 and 99: ECOLOGICAL DEVELOWdENT OF SALT MAKS
Page 100 and 101: fn tidal water systems sedimentatio
Page 102 and 103: hierarchical position. Tn the egtua
Page 104 and 105: Of course. tke environmental change
Page 106 and 107: wind erasson, desaliuation, aeratio
Page 108 and 109: Fonner tirtal flats with saltmarsh
Page 110 and 111: Grevelingen. Lake Veere and Krammer
Page 112 and 113: As mentioned above aa important que
Page 114 and 115: A seaond important perspective for
Page 116: BEEEXNX, W.D. and 80ZBf&. J. L9M. T
Page 119 and 120: are determining the dfstrlbution af
Page 121 and 122: this volume or in Duutsaa, et aL, 1
Page 123 and 124: artificial waterflow was created af
Page 125 and 126: of waterbirds occur regulsrly. The
Page 127 and 128: . DISTRIBUXIOBI OF WATEJBIRoS OVER
Page 129 and 130: small bird$ extludiag them vill net
Page 131 and 132: In order to lsok for relatiouehips
Page 133 and 134: Table 3 Biomass of macroroobenthos
Page 135 and 136: freshwater basins. Clearly the pres
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scmthem bottueary o-f the winter di
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OCLURRENCE AND DIET QF B ~T .tUQ 80
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5.2 H- factors Next to all fartors
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Bewick's Swans (Cygnus columbariusl
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m's activiries do not always have t
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measure affecting food supply or av
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DOQiWT$QS, G. 4 TWISK, F., 1987. De
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MEININGEB, P.L. and HAPEREX, A.M.M.
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PISCIVORES Litfle Grebe Great Crest
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IPYBRO-EGOLOOIOAL BELATIONB ZN THE
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apart from upstream purification; -
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Storm surge barrier Eastern Scheldt
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- In addition to existing managemen
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Nature is pliable. Belattvely young
Page 166 and 167:
Ro. 1. No. 2. SQ. 3. Investigations
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25. The relation between water quan
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Hydro-ecological relations in the Delta Waters

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