Hydro-ecological relations in the Delta Waters

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Table 3 PreUmInary carbon budget of priwry producers in estuaries and brackish lagoons in the South-West Netherlands (expressed -2 -1 ihgGm y ). Westerschelde: phtoplsnkton data detived from Billen, et al. 1988, and Beip, 1988; microphytobenthos data rougbly, based on blows estimates, DGW, Middelburg; data on above-ground production of saltmarsh plants - both for the Westerschelde and Oosterschelde - derived from Gromendijk, 1SI86, an8 Huiskes, 1988. Oosterschelde: phytoplanktan data based on Weteteyn and Peperzak, 1988, and Vegter and De Visscher, 1987; microphytobenthos data from Nienhuis and Daamcn, 1985; data on seapassea and macro-algae on soft and hard substrates - bath for the Oosterschelde and Uesterschelde - derived frm Nienhuis, 1980, and Nienhuis and Daemen. 1985. Drevelingen: data from Hiedluis, 1985, and De Vries, et al, 1988. Peerse Meer: data £er phytoplankton Eram Daemen, I985 and Stroxkho~st, ec al, 1985, fer ntlcrophytobenthw based on best professicnal judgement; daca on macrophpt~s of soft sukstrates derived fra Ha~ewijk, 1988, and Sybema, 1980, and mpublished DIE0 re%ords; data on seagrass production deriuad frem personal codmutication F. Vat, Lent, DIIIO. -tea babitat sgatw Wfszt sgsW habitat Sysren -C Total fa. 7.75 ea. Z&O ea. 320 ca. 450
In Tahle 3 a tentative carbon budget of the 4 saline Delta Waters Is given. as an expression of the transfotmation of inorgank nutrients into organic carbon of primary pxohcers. Table 3 does not girre infetmatioa about the turnover of nutrients between the successive generations of plants. Notwithstazdlng the large dlfkrences in nutrient loadjags of the separate waters, primasy production of phytoplankton only shows a difference of a factor 2 between the light -2 -1 limited, tUrbid Westerschelde (l25 g C m y ) and the clear, -2 -1 presumably not nutrient limited Veerse Meer (249 g C m y ). The Oosterseblde and Orevelingemseer hold int-diate positions. Production of microphytobent!hos (benthic diatoms, gzeen algae etc.) is roughly one third of the production of phytoplankton. In the Westerschelde estuary, however, the relative skre of benthic microphytes is considerahLy higher, based on P/B ratio's derived from high biomass data, taken on intertidal flats (personal eonrmnaicatFoa D.J. de Jong, DW). OwFng to the relatrvely large surface area of supratidal wetlands, the contributivn of ahoae-ground peimarp production to the carbon budget in -9 -1 Westersehelde estusry (60 g C m y is about 20%. The larger part of the saltmarsh plants is produced in the eastern secrion of the Westerschelde estuary (Verdrmken Land van Saeftinghe) and is not transpwrted over the entire estuary, In contrast with the Westerschelde, the Oosterachelde salt marshes pay only an insignificant contrLhution (lees thau 5Z) to the system metabolism of the entire estuary. Maarophytes growing on bard substretes (i.e. seaweeds attached to sewalls and stone-clad dilres) have only a minor contriburian to the carbon budgets of the entire water hobtes, notwithstandiag their high production per square metre habitat. Eigh turbidity and exposure to waves and tides prevents the potential sediment habitats in tke Weatersehelde egtuary from being invaded by macrephytes, The Oosterschelde estuary has only local growth of laactophytes an sediment substrams in sbeltered regions (Zandkteek, Ktabbenkreek, eastern part). In the sheltered, stagnant lagoons
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Netherlands organkation fw applied
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TNO Commlitee on Hydrological Resea
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2 RIVER WATER AM) THE QPALITH OF TB
Page 8:
B.J.M. Baptist BIJkswaterstaat. Tid
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This approach will put to use what
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Estuaries that have not been influe
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2 CHIWGES XN TEE DELTA The Delta ar
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area decltned cnnside~ably, leadins
Page 19 and 20: Plan, then it is apparent tbt the s
Page 21 and 22: Tiddl flats df the Eastem Seheldt v
Page 23 and 24: tracefore possible to convert the a
Page 25 and 26: Figsrlre 7 Changes in the cadrnrum
Page 27 and 28: prevention measures are desirable h
Page 29 and 30: elationships between different spec
Page 31 and 32: Bio-essay Weriments with polluted s
Page 33 and 34: considerable thought to drawing up
Page 35 and 36: ShLOUONS, W. and BYSINK, W.D., 1981
Page 37 and 38: are taken. The first year after the
Page 39 and 40: The Hollands DiepJnaringpllet is pa
Page 41 and 42: In 1976 the determination of chlozo
Page 43 and 44: , 0.66 m 0,s - 0.02 1989 I 0.86 - 0
Page 45 and 46: Table 3 Eutrophication of the Volke
Page 47 and 48: Laks Volkarek ---- Lake Zoom 0.40 0
Page 49 and 50: 4 WAGBEET MEdSIIRaS TO PEEVBT OR LT
Page 51 and 52: Table 5 gives estimtes of the phosp
Page 53 and 54: In principle, two states of equilib
Page 55 and 56: Zooplankton (Alma affinis) Pike (Es
Page 58 and 59: EUTROPHICATION OF ESTUAAIES AND BRA
Page 60 and 61: The average discharge of Xhine and
Page 62 and 63: and only l-2% cows frm the aive Sch
Page 64 and 65: highest trophic potential: nutrient
Page 66 and 67: period 1980-19$3 in an increase of
Page 68 and 69: model calculations reveal that a ni
Page 72 and 73: Water life of Lake Grevelingen
Page 74 and 75: macrophytes livkg on or rooting in
Page 76 and 77: less predictable for water managers
Page 78 and 79: ILWNEWIJK, A.. KEIP, C., 1988. De v
Page 80 and 81: XBE CHANGING TmAL LAMXiCAPE I N TEE
Page 82 and 83: The storm surke of L&Z1 A.D., knorm
Page 84 and 85: osi* rn@8IOIP m .SL 4 Has F~~ULB 3
Page 86 and 87: During the 19th century man starts
Page 88 and 89: mudflats have retreated some 100-20
Page 90 and 91: aq811~33a.e~ pue 3pTatlJS uxaJsafi
Page 92 and 93: Erosion by waves of sandy shoals (c
Page 94 and 95: Lt has been estimated that the sedi
Page 96 and 97: Implementafion of the Delta Project
Page 98 and 99: ECOLOGICAL DEVELOWdENT OF SALT MAKS
Page 100 and 101: fn tidal water systems sedimentatio
Page 102 and 103: hierarchical position. Tn the egtua
Page 104 and 105: Of course. tke environmental change
Page 106 and 107: wind erasson, desaliuation, aeratio
Page 108 and 109: Fonner tirtal flats with saltmarsh
Page 110 and 111: Grevelingen. Lake Veere and Krammer
Page 112 and 113: As mentioned above aa important que
Page 114 and 115: A seaond important perspective for
Page 116: BEEEXNX, W.D. and 80ZBf&. J. L9M. T
Page 119 and 120: are determining the dfstrlbution af
Page 121 and 122:
this volume or in Duutsaa, et aL, 1
Page 123 and 124:
artificial waterflow was created af
Page 125 and 126:
of waterbirds occur regulsrly. The
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. DISTRIBUXIOBI OF WATEJBIRoS OVER
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small bird$ extludiag them vill net
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In order to lsok for relatiouehips
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Table 3 Biomass of macroroobenthos
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freshwater basins. Clearly the pres
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scmthem bottueary o-f the winter di
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OCLURRENCE AND DIET QF B ~T .tUQ 80
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5.2 H- factors Next to all fartors
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Bewick's Swans (Cygnus columbariusl
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m's activiries do not always have t
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measure affecting food supply or av
Page 149 and 150:
DOQiWT$QS, G. 4 TWISK, F., 1987. De
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MEININGEB, P.L. and HAPEREX, A.M.M.
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PISCIVORES Litfle Grebe Great Crest
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IPYBRO-EGOLOOIOAL BELATIONB ZN THE
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apart from upstream purification; -
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Storm surge barrier Eastern Scheldt
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- In addition to existing managemen
Page 164 and 165:
Nature is pliable. Belattvely young
Page 166 and 167:
Ro. 1. No. 2. SQ. 3. Investigations
Page 168 and 169:
25. The relation between water quan
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Hydro-ecological relations in the Delta Waters

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