Hydro-ecological relations in the Delta Waters
Hydro-ecological relations in the Delta Waters
Hydro-ecological relations in the Delta Waters
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
In <strong>the</strong> GZ3WQ-model ~alculatians CDe VrieB, et al, 19881 it is<br />
hypotkerriaed that <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Grevel<strong>in</strong>gen lagoon <strong>the</strong> process of<br />
eutra@ication<br />
is prevented by <strong>the</strong> rate of <strong>the</strong> denitiificatian process.<br />
Dnnit-rifioation is undoubtedly a significant process <strong>in</strong> mar<strong>in</strong>e and<br />
estuar<strong>in</strong>e ecaqstems. Rates of gaseous losses af nitr-en <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> range<br />
-2 -1<br />
of 5-70 mg N m d were determ<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> Bebgi-an, Dutch and Danish<br />
caastsl sedimnts, represent<strong>in</strong>g 8-23% of tha amount of nirrwen<br />
dnerdtliration <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> benthic subayste<strong>in</strong> Caillen and Lancelot, 1987).<br />
Notwithstand<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> Eaet that no actual measurements exist on<br />
denirrification rates <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Grevel<strong>in</strong>gemeer, it is assumed <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
OReWQ-model that deeitrificatiw compensates <strong>the</strong> load of nitrogen,<br />
especially <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> benthic bonndary layer <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> sedismnr, where aerobic<br />
and anaerobic 'patches' o;f sediment jo<strong>in</strong> each o<strong>the</strong>r.<br />
In mahp sballw estuar<strong>in</strong>e waters <strong>the</strong> na<strong>in</strong> Foed cha<strong>in</strong> ia dpm<strong>in</strong>ated by<br />
phyto~laakron and bmthir Eilterf eeders (mussels. cockles) , Just as ie<br />
<strong>the</strong> case <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Greoel<strong>in</strong>genmeer, Oosterschalde and Wadden Sea. T3e<br />
rumover rate sf nutrients <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>se ecosystems is deteraELned bp <strong>the</strong><br />
filter<strong>in</strong>g capacity of bsnthic filterfeeders. Theoretieally, every 5 to<br />
10 days <strong>the</strong> entire valme of water of <strong>the</strong> estuaries circulates through<br />
<strong>the</strong> filter<strong>in</strong>g apparatus of suspension feeders. Filterfeedem act as<br />
natuzal cantrollers of <strong>the</strong> eutrophicatian psocess (Office, et al.<br />
1982): <strong>the</strong>y deposit organic material from <strong>the</strong> watercolmn Dntn <strong>the</strong><br />
bottom mdiments. Mnreover, <strong>the</strong>y accelerate <strong>the</strong> regeneration of<br />
nutrients from <strong>the</strong> deposited perticulate o~anicarbon, <strong>the</strong>reby<br />
enhanc<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> primary produetion of pbytopLimktun, as was assuxned for<br />
<strong>the</strong> @xevali~enmeer (De Vries, et al. l$&%)<br />
'be cha<strong>in</strong> of pzoeesses - parcly measered. partly cheureticel - from<br />
biode~osition to reaenesation of nutrients and <strong>the</strong> coupl<strong>in</strong>g between<br />
nitrification and denicr%£icatie$n is limited by <strong>the</strong> load of szgani~<br />
nace~ial ro t&e<br />
sediment. men <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>creae<strong>in</strong>g load of ozgulic material<br />
runs faster t4w Ehe grocess of heaerotrophic lotneralization. anaerobic<br />
cQndFeions wlll prevail <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> sediment lead<strong>in</strong>g to death of bottom<br />
Fauna and a disconnection BE nitrification and dea5trification. GREWAQ-<br />
.