Hydro-ecological relations in the Delta Waters
Hydro-ecological relations in the Delta Waters Hydro-ecological relations in the Delta Waters
6 )(ollM.Yn DI.0 I L.,. (il .l 1m.n .-I L&.=- F O,.l*.I.". **.c,sBD, 'I L."* *'S",,,*. (i i..911.1- (8.01 1 " z.-w*-d" .,"U,W, I htn.a.*,-nswr BTU*. IW~I Figure 1 The Delta Plan DvrI4g the ODilStruction phase it was realised that it would be exrremely undesirable to lose altogether the unFque saltwater tidal sysrcm that existed fn this region. Consequently, a decision was taken in the 1970's not to Close off the Eastern Seheldt tidal basin as had ozigfnally been iataded, but to install a storm surge barrier instead. This meant that the safety of the region could be @armteed while still presenting the essential character of a ealturater tidal system. While CDnsttuctiod work on the Delta Project was in progress, pollution from the major rivers in the region rose to maximm lavels. This created a further problem. Closure of the estuaries has disturbed the morphological balance ancl led to the forreation of new ffedimentatisn areas. The quality of the lake and river beds in the new sedimentation areas deteriorated rapidly as the suspended sediment carried by the wster af the major rivers e~ntained micropollutants quch as heavp metals and organic wmpeunds.
2 CHIWGES XN TEE DELTA The Delta are was formed by the interaction 05 the rivers &be. Meuse and Scheldt and the tidal movements of the Xorth Sea. Tlie average discharges from the Rhine. Meuse and Scheldt are 2200 m3/sec. 260 mg/sec and 100 m31sec respectively. The original discharge distribunon over the tidal @lies, prior to thaDelta Project closures, is given in Figure 2. In the period befere 1965, the influence of tbe Rhine and Ueuse -tended ta the Eastern Scheldt estuary. At that time the Delta was Fn a state approaching morphologioal equilibrium. Until 1970, the amount of sand and silt brought down by the rivers Rhine and Meuse was ronghly equal to that Figure 2 Dischatge distribution over the maior rivers 1965 (vduee in m8/sec)
- Page 1 and 2: Netherlands organkation fw applied
- Page 4 and 5: TNO Commlitee on Hydrological Resea
- Page 6 and 7: 2 RIVER WATER AM) THE QPALITH OF TB
- Page 8: B.J.M. Baptist BIJkswaterstaat. Tid
- Page 11 and 12: This approach will put to use what
- Page 13: Estuaries that have not been influe
- Page 17 and 18: area decltned cnnside~ably, leadins
- Page 19 and 20: Plan, then it is apparent tbt the s
- Page 21 and 22: Tiddl flats df the Eastem Seheldt v
- Page 23 and 24: tracefore possible to convert the a
- Page 25 and 26: Figsrlre 7 Changes in the cadrnrum
- Page 27 and 28: prevention measures are desirable h
- Page 29 and 30: elationships between different spec
- Page 31 and 32: Bio-essay Weriments with polluted s
- Page 33 and 34: considerable thought to drawing up
- Page 35 and 36: ShLOUONS, W. and BYSINK, W.D., 1981
- Page 37 and 38: are taken. The first year after the
- Page 39 and 40: The Hollands DiepJnaringpllet is pa
- Page 41 and 42: In 1976 the determination of chlozo
- Page 43 and 44: , 0.66 m 0,s - 0.02 1989 I 0.86 - 0
- Page 45 and 46: Table 3 Eutrophication of the Volke
- Page 47 and 48: Laks Volkarek ---- Lake Zoom 0.40 0
- Page 49 and 50: 4 WAGBEET MEdSIIRaS TO PEEVBT OR LT
- Page 51 and 52: Table 5 gives estimtes of the phosp
- Page 53 and 54: In principle, two states of equilib
- Page 55 and 56: Zooplankton (Alma affinis) Pike (Es
- Page 58 and 59: EUTROPHICATION OF ESTUAAIES AND BRA
- Page 60 and 61: The average discharge of Xhine and
- Page 62 and 63: and only l-2% cows frm the aive Sch
6 )(ollM.Yn DI.0<br />
I L.,. (il .l 1m.n<br />
.-I L&.=- F O,.l*.I.". **.c,sBD,<br />
'I L."* *'S",,,*. (i i..911.1- (8.01 1<br />
" z.-w*-d" .,"U,W,<br />
I htn.a.*,-nswr BTU*. IW~I<br />
Figure 1 The <strong>Delta</strong> Plan<br />
DvrI4g <strong>the</strong> ODilStruction phase it was realised that it would be<br />
exrremely undesirable to lose altoge<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> unFque saltwater tidal<br />
sysrcm that existed fn this region. Consequently, a decision was taken<br />
<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> 1970's not to Close off <strong>the</strong> Eastern Seheldt tidal bas<strong>in</strong> as had<br />
ozigfnally been iataded, but to <strong>in</strong>stall a storm surge barrier <strong>in</strong>stead.<br />
This meant that <strong>the</strong> safety of <strong>the</strong> region could be @armteed while<br />
still present<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> essential character of a ealturater tidal system.<br />
While CDnsttuctiod work on <strong>the</strong> <strong>Delta</strong> Project was <strong>in</strong> progress, pollution<br />
from <strong>the</strong> major rivers <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> region rose to maximm lavels. This<br />
created a fur<strong>the</strong>r problem. Closure of <strong>the</strong> estuaries has disturbed <strong>the</strong><br />
morphological balance ancl led to <strong>the</strong> forreation of new ffedimentatisn<br />
areas. The quality of <strong>the</strong> lake and river beds <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> new sedimentation<br />
areas deteriorated rapidly as <strong>the</strong> suspended sediment carried by <strong>the</strong><br />
wster af <strong>the</strong> major rivers e~nta<strong>in</strong>ed micropollutants quch as heavp<br />
metals and organic wmpeunds.
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