Child Equity Atlas - BIDS

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Child Worker and the Sectors of Employment 4.1.3 It is noteworthy that while about one in sixteen children (10-14 years old) are involved in work nationally, it is as high as one in six in Dhaka, more than three times the national average. Data show that more than two in five children (43.8 per cent) are involved in work in one of the wards of Dhaka City Corporation. In Dhaka city, the higher involvement of children in the workforce is mainly due to very high engagement of young girls in work. The comparison of estimates of working children shows that while nationally 6 per cent (9.0 per cent boys and 2.0 per cent girls) children are working- in Dhaka the rate is 17.4 per cent (18.1 per cent boys and 16.6 per cent girls). Disparities also exist by administrative units and for boys and girls. While the proportion of real child worker ranges from 1.7 per cent to 26.5 per cent, for boys it ranges from 3 to 30 per cent, and for girls it ranges from 0.1 per cent to 27 per cent, a factor of 270 times differences indicating a high degree of disparity. 4.1.4 However, there are only two upazilas in Bandarban where the proportion of girl child worker is higher than that of working boys. In Dhaka City Corporation, there are as many as 40 wards where the proportion of girl child workers is higher than that of boy child. In 52 wards there are more male child workers and in 26 wards the difference is more than 10 per cent, the highest rate of male child worker is 60 per cent. 4.1.5 Wards, where the proportion of girl child workers exceeds that of the boys are the locations that are clearly related to garment industries as well as opportunities for household or domestic work. In the wards where the proportion of boy child workers exceeds that of the girls, such locations related to other types of industry (e.g. small engineering in old town). 4.1.6 Nationally the pattern of distribution of real child worker is similar to the configuration revealed in the pockets of deprivation (discussed in chapter seven), but is limited to only half of the upazilas. In the Northwest part of the country the proportion of child worker is low. Since children work for economic gains, it is largely an urban phenomenon, being more prevalent in cities like Dhaka and other urban areas, thus keeping the overall national correlation between deprivation and real child labour at a low level. 4.1.7 In contrast to the involvement of one in sixteen children in real work at the national level, in three upazilas - Thanchi, Alikadam and Ramu - the proportion is one in five. As can be seen later, Alikadam is also one of the most deprived upazilas. 4.2 Sectors of Employment 4.2.1 Between different sectors of employment, almost equal proportion of child workers - twofifths each - are engaged in agriculture and the service sectors, the secondary sector of industry engaging one-fifth of the real child workers. In agriculture, proportion of working boys is much higher than that of the girl child workers (45 per cent as against 15.6 per cent), whereas, the proportions of girl child workers are higher than that of the boy child workers in both industry and service sectors, being 29.1 per cent for girls and 18.2 for boys in industry and 55.3 per cent for girls and 36.8 per cent for boys in the services sector. 4.2.2 Finally, the situation of real child worker described in this chapter deserves special action by public, the private sector, civil society organizations, communities and families to ensure compliance with national and international labour standards and protect the socioeconomic rights of children. 59
Child Equity Atlas 4.2.3 To effectively address the issues of child labour and real child worker, it is important to understand the structural issues that underpin this practice. According to UNICEF 19 , social norms and economic realities mean that child labour is widely accepted and very common in Bangladesh. Many families rely on the income generated by their children for survival, so child labour is often highly valued. Additionally, employers often prefer to employ children because they are cheaper and considered to be more compliant and obedient than adults. 4.2.4 Taking advantage of its progress towards the MDGs 2 and 3 while focusing on equity requires that by 2021, the country’s middle income aspirations be gauged by reduction in the prevalence of the real child worker, compliance of services and industries to the provisions of ILO Conventions 138 and 182 as well as how the socioeconomic rights of children are guaranteed through effective coverage of education that leaves no room for out of school children, hence producing quality human capital for services and industry at home and abroad. 19 UNICEF Bangladesh, 2010. Child Labour in Bangladesh: http://www.unicef.org/bangladesh/Child_labour.pdf Photo : Ibrahim Khan Moni 60
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Child Equity Atlas: Pockets of Soci
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© Bangladesh Institute of Developm
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We are pleased to present to the pu
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List of Abbreviations BBS BDHS BIDS
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Chapter Five: Housing, Access to Sa
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Figure 6.1: Educational attainment
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Introduction Chapter One Introducti
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Introduction Introduction 1.0 Backg
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Introduction 3. Present geographica
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Introduction social deprivation and
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Page 24 and 25: Population Distribution and Demogra
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Pockets of Social Deprivation 7.1.4
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Pockets of Social Deprivation highe
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Pockets of Social Deprivation Map 7
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Chapter Eight Summary and Conclusio
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Summary and Conclusion Summary and
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Summary and Conclusion gap. Dispari
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Summary and Conclusion these areas
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Annexure Photo : Ibrahim Khan Moni
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Annexure ANNEX-1A: List of Indicato
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ANNEX-1C ANNEX-1C: Computing the In
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ANNEX-2: Ranges of Values Used for
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ANNEX-3A ANNEX-3A: Data Tables: Dis
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ANNEX-3A District Number of populat
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ANNEX-3A Annex Table 3.1: Literacy
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ANNEX-3A District Youth literacy ra
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ANNEX-3A Annex Table 3.1 (continued
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ANNEX-3A District Proportion out of
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ANNEX-3A District % of real child w
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ANNEX-3A Annex Table 5.1: Types of
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ANNEX-3A District % of households l
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ANNEX-3A Annex Table 6.1: Populatio
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ANNEX-3A DCC Thana Ward Number of p
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ANNEX-3A DCC Thana Ward Number of p
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ANNEX-3A DCC Thana Ward Youth liter
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ANNEX-3A DCC Thana Ward Bangshal, C
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ANNEX-3A Anneax Table 6.2 (continue
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ANNEX-3A DCC Thana Ward Mohammadpur
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ANNEX-3A DCC Thana Ward Proportion
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ANNEX-3A DCC Thana Ward % of real C
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ANNEX-3A DCC Thana Ward % of real C
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ANNEX-3A Annex Table 6.4: Types of
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ANNEX-3A DCC Thana Ward Dhanmondi,
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ANNEX-3A DCC Thana Ward % of househ
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ANNEX-5A: Pockets of Social Depriva
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ANNEX-5B ANNEX-5B: Pockets of Socia
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ANNEX-5B Division District Upazila
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Child Equity Atlas - BIDS

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