Child Equity Atlas - BIDS
Child Equity Atlas - BIDS Child Equity Atlas - BIDS
Population Distribution and Demographic Situation Map 2.3: Density of population by upazila (population/sq.km.), Bangladesh 2011 17
Child Equity Atlas 2.2 The Sex Ratio for the Under-Five Population 2.2.1 The sex ratio, defined as the number of males per 100 females, is estimated at 100.3 in Bangladesh Population and Housing Census 2011 (here in after referred to as Census 2011) indicating almost similar number of males and females in the country. A high degree of gender imbalance confers social and health implications on the population. In Bangladesh, the sex ratio trend, which was 106.1 and 106.6 in 1991 and 2001, respectively, is expected to reach the value of 100 in near future. 2.2.2 The sex ratio among children under five, usually referred to as the “child sex ratio”, reflects the possible prevalence of sex-selection activities such as abortions and discriminatory health care and medical services against girls. The sex ratio at birth (boys per 100 girls) is 105 all over the world which reflects no signs of gender discrimination against the birth of a girl child. The predictable sex ratio for the under-five population is 103 for Bangladesh because of the higher under five mortality rate (U5MR) for boys which matches the census estimates, confirming the absence of the practice of sex selection such as infanticide in the country. From Barisal to Bogra, child sex ratio in Bangladesh is within or better than the international standard benchmark. 2.3 Population Under 18 Years (Child Population) 2.3.1 Population below 18 years or the population of children and sub-groups there in, is an important demographic denominator against which social services can be assessed to meet the socioeconomic rights of children. The 2011 Census gives the proportion of the population below 18 years (children population) as 39.7 per cent, showing a five percentage points reduction from 2001 (45 per cent) (Table 1.2 in chapter one). Like the population density, distribution of child population is also not uniform across the country. The proportion of children is much higher in the eastern part (broadly in the divisions of Chittagong and Sylhet) than in the western and central parts of the country. Maps 2.4 and 2.5 show the distribution of the proportion of children in districts and upazilas, respectively. 2.3.2 A higher proportion of child population is related to the fertility of a country. A drop in proportion of children in the country, though marginal, is an outcome of lowering of fertility rates. From a high of around 55 per cent (Niger) to a low of 15 per cent (East European countries), the proportion of children (under 18 years) in Bangladesh population hovers around the middle of the global range. 2.3.3 Within a country the proportion of child population is closely related to the level of poverty. People living in poverty tend to have more children. But in Bangladesh, the correlation between poverty and number of children is not very strong (0.53), as can be seen from the Maps presented with other deprivation indicators in chapter seven. Table 2.2: Proportion of population below 18 years: Lowest and highest districts, Bangladesh 2011 Srl. Lowest districts Highest districts District % District % 1. Dhaka 32.3 Cox’s Bazar 49.0 2. Gazipur 32.5 Brahmanbaria 47.8 3. Joypurhat 33.0 Sunamganj 47.6 4. Naogaon 33.8 Noakhali 46.7 5. Meherpur 33.9 Habiganj 45.8 Bangladesh: 39.7% 18
- Page 1 and 2: Child Equity Atlas: Pockets of Soci
- Page 3 and 4: © Bangladesh Institute of Developm
- Page 5 and 6: We are pleased to present to the pu
- Page 7 and 8: List of Abbreviations BBS BDHS BIDS
- Page 9 and 10: Chapter Five: Housing, Access to Sa
- Page 11 and 12: Figure 6.1: Educational attainment
- Page 14 and 15: Introduction Chapter One Introducti
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- Page 18 and 19: Introduction 3. Present geographica
- Page 20 and 21: Introduction social deprivation and
- Page 22 and 23: Introduction Table 1.1: Comparison
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<strong>Child</strong> <strong>Equity</strong> <strong>Atlas</strong><br />
2.2 The Sex Ratio for the Under-Five Population<br />
2.2.1 The sex ratio, defined as the number of<br />
males per 100 females, is estimated at 100.3 in<br />
Bangladesh Population and Housing Census<br />
2011 (here in after referred to as Census 2011)<br />
indicating almost similar number of males and<br />
females in the country. A high degree of gender<br />
imbalance confers social and health implications<br />
on the population. In Bangladesh, the sex ratio<br />
trend, which was 106.1 and 106.6 in 1991 and<br />
2001, respectively, is expected to reach the value<br />
of 100 in near future.<br />
2.2.2 The sex ratio among children under five,<br />
usually referred to as the “child sex ratio”, reflects<br />
the possible prevalence of sex-selection activities<br />
such as abortions and discriminatory health care<br />
and medical services against girls. The sex ratio at<br />
birth (boys per 100 girls) is 105 all over the world<br />
which reflects no signs of gender discrimination<br />
against the birth of a girl child. The predictable<br />
sex ratio for the under-five population is 103 for<br />
Bangladesh because of the higher under five<br />
mortality rate (U5MR) for boys which matches<br />
the census estimates, confirming the absence of<br />
the practice of sex selection such as infanticide<br />
in the country. From Barisal to Bogra, child sex<br />
ratio in Bangladesh is within or better than the<br />
international standard benchmark.<br />
2.3 Population Under 18 Years (<strong>Child</strong><br />
Population)<br />
2.3.1 Population below 18 years or the population<br />
of children and sub-groups there in, is an<br />
important demographic denominator against<br />
which social services can be assessed to meet<br />
the socioeconomic rights of children. The 2011<br />
Census gives the proportion of the population<br />
below 18 years (children population) as 39.7 per<br />
cent, showing a five percentage points reduction<br />
from 2001 (45 per cent) (Table 1.2 in chapter<br />
one). Like the population density, distribution<br />
of child population is also not uniform across<br />
the country. The proportion of children is much<br />
higher in the eastern part (broadly in the divisions<br />
of Chittagong and Sylhet) than in the western and<br />
central parts of the country. Maps 2.4 and 2.5 show<br />
the distribution of the proportion of children in<br />
districts and upazilas, respectively.<br />
2.3.2 A higher proportion of child population<br />
is related to the fertility of a country. A drop in<br />
proportion of children in the country, though<br />
marginal, is an outcome of lowering of fertility<br />
rates. From a high of around 55 per cent (Niger)<br />
to a low of 15 per cent (East European countries),<br />
the proportion of children (under 18 years) in<br />
Bangladesh population hovers around the middle<br />
of the global range.<br />
2.3.3 Within a country the proportion of child<br />
population is closely related to the level of<br />
poverty. People living in poverty tend to have<br />
more children. But in Bangladesh, the correlation<br />
between poverty and number of children is not<br />
very strong (0.53), as can be seen from the Maps<br />
presented with other deprivation indicators in<br />
chapter seven.<br />
Table 2.2: Proportion of population below 18 years:<br />
Lowest and highest districts, Bangladesh 2011<br />
Srl.<br />
Lowest districts<br />
Highest districts<br />
District % District %<br />
1. Dhaka 32.3 Cox’s Bazar 49.0<br />
2. Gazipur 32.5 Brahmanbaria 47.8<br />
3. Joypurhat 33.0 Sunamganj 47.6<br />
4. Naogaon 33.8 Noakhali 46.7<br />
5. Meherpur 33.9 Habiganj 45.8<br />
Bangladesh: 39.7%<br />
18