Child Equity Atlas - BIDS

Child Equity Atlas: 

Pockets of Social Deprivation 

in Bangladesh

Child Equity Atlas: 


in Bangladesh 

Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) 

Statistics and Informatics Division (SID), Ministry of Planning 

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh 

Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS) 

E-17 Agargaon, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207 

UNICEF Bangladesh 

BSL Office Complex, 1 Minto Road, Dhaka-1000

© Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS), Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), and 

UNICEF Bangladesh, July 2013 

All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, 

electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage or retrieval 

system, without permission in writing from the publishers. 


Parishankhyan Bhaban, Agargaon, Dhaka-1207 

Telephone: +880-2-9112589 

Email: dg@bbs.gov.bd 

Website: www.bbs.gov.bd 


E-17 Agargaon, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207 

Telephone: +880-2-9116959 

Email: dg_bids@bids.org.bd 

Website: www.bids.org.bd 


BSL Office Complex, 1 Minto Road, Dhaka-1000 

Telephone: +880-2-9336701-10 

Email: dhaka@unicef.org 

Website: www.unicef.org.bd 

This publication is available in the websites of BIDS , BBS , and 

UNICEF Bangladesh 

ISBN: 978-984-8969-15-1 

Cover and Graphic Design: 

Hiranmay Chanda and Ibrahim Khan Moni 

Cover Photo: 

UNICEF/Siddique 

Printed in …….. 

ii

Foreword 

About a year ago, our respective institutions signed a tripartite exchange of letters, committing to use 

the 2011 Bangladesh Population and Housing Census and related data to promote evidence led equity 

based policy on children and women in Bangladesh. This Child Equity Atlas was undertaken principally 

to achieve three broad goals. Firstly, to unpack the patterns of progress recorded by Bangladesh and 

map the prevailing pockets of key social deprivations faced by children, youth and women, between 

the 2001 and 2011 censuses. Secondly, analyze the pockets of social deprivations, as a call for concerted 

action to close the inequities between areas and population groups in the country. Thirdly, the analysis 

contained in the child equity analysis should contribute to policy dialogue to reform and refocus relevant 

policies and programmes, towards more equitable socioeconomic development in Bangladesh’s quest 

toward middle income status by 2021. 

The major focus of this analysis is children up to 18 years of age, youth as defined by demographic 

and international standards and women aged 15-49 years. Beyond demographics, social services and 

facilities, the Atlas used a composite deprivation index to measure progress and produced maps to 

show patterns of social development outcomes across areas and population groups, with focus on 

children, youth and women. About 14 indicators were extracted or computed from the census data to 

produce this Child Equity Atlas. With its graphs, tables, maps and analysis the Atlas presents important 

observations about the remarkable achievements in Bangladesh while the equity focus unearths the 

huge inequities still existing. The sophistication of the census analysis is demonstrated by some of the 

peculiar measures such as real child labour, out of school children, female teenage marriage, youth 

literacy and much more, drilled to the upazila (sub-district) level and wards in Dhaka City Corporation. 

There are several advantages and dimensions to the evidence generated in the Equity Atlas. Firstly, the 

census has no sampling errors by including all households, an advantage over all surveys especially at 

the lower geographical level. Secondly, the Equity Atlas powerfully displays the geographical location 

of the major problems. The maps provide a uniquely powerful visualization of the issues facing different 

sub-national areas and populations across the country, providing a holistic picture yet revealing greater 

detail to illuminate inequities by showing patterns and trends, and how children, youth and women are 

able to access vital resources and opportunities, and how these patterns correlate with key socioeconomic 

outcomes. Hence, the out of school children maps clearly show where policy instruments such as the 

Primary Education Stipend Programme (PESP) and the Upazila Primary Education Plans should focus 

more resources towards educational equity by investing in the areas with high proportion of out of 

school children. 

The Atlas also summarizes the census information in one Composite Deprivation Index (CDI), which 

coincides with the geographical pattern of the United Nations Development Assistance Framework 

(UNDAF) priority districts derived earlier from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) of the 

Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics and UNICEF (2009). 

We note the limited scope of some indicators in the short questionnaire census such as the access to 

water, lack of health related information, etc. Despite the limitations this Atlas shows the added value 

of a meticulous analysis of the census data and the presentation of the results in a user friendly way. 

This publication demonstrates the commitment of our institutions in promoting equity in the social 

development sector of the national economy. It also confirms our collective resolve to implement the 

National Strategy for the Development of Statistics (NSDS) by tapping into the census data source with 

its universal coverage, and unlimited possibilities for geographical and equity analysis. 

iii

We are pleased to present to the public and private sector representatives, policy makers, development 

partners, researchers and development community, the Child Equity Atlas and pockets of key social 

deprivations faced by children, youth and women in Bangladesh. Finally, we invite comments and 

dialogue on this publication while boldly and collectively renewing the call for evidence led policy 

actions to steer Bangladesh’s socioeconomic development towards more inclusive and child equity 

focused investments for the next decade, leading to a vision of middle income status by 2021 when the 

next census is due. 

Golam Mustafa Kamal 

Director General, 

Bangladesh Bureau of 

Statistics (BBS) 

Mustafa K Mujeri 

Director General 

Bangladesh Institute of 

Development Studies (BIDS) 

Pascal Villeneuve 

Representative 

United Nations Children’s 

Fund (UNICEF), Bangladesh 

iv

Acknowledgements 

The Equity Atlas is jointly produced by Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), Statistics and Informatics 

Division (SID), Ministry of Planning, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh; Bangladesh 

Institute of Development Studies (BIDS); and UNICEF under a tripartite agreement. Many people 

contributed to the report. Important contributions in conceptualization, analysis and preparation of the 

report were received from the following officials of the three organizations: 


Md. Nojibur Rahman, Secretary, Statistics and Informatics Division, Ministry of Planning; Riti Ibrahim, 

Former Secretary, Statistics and Informatics Division, Ministry of Planning; Golam Mostafa Kamal, 

Director General, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS); Md. Shahjahan Ali Mollah, Former Director 

General, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS); Altaf Hossain, Project Director, Population and Housing 

Census 2011, BBS; Ashim Kumar Dey, Former Project Director, Population and Housing Census 2011, 

BBS; Dipankar Roy, Project Director, MSCW, BBS; AKM Fazlul Haque, Project Director, SVRS, BBS; and Md. 

Mizanur Rahman, Deputy Secretary, Statistics and Informatics Division, Ministry of Planning. 


Zulfiqar Ali, Senior Research Fellow; Mustafa K. Mujeri, Director General; Iqbal Hossain, Research 

Associate and Zahedul Islam Chowdhury, Research Fellow. 


Isa Achoba, Chief, Social Policy, Monitoring and Evaluation; Dirk Westhof, Consultant; Shantanu Gupta, 

Monitoring and Evaluation Specialist; and Mohammed Shafiqul Islam, Social Policy Specialist. 

Special thanks to Tanjinul Hoque Mollah of Jahangirnagar University for preparing the maps; Samiul 

Ahsan, Amzad Hossen, Tareq Imam Zahid, Purobi Majumder and Faizul Islam of BIDS for providing 

necessary research, computing and secretarial assistance. 

v

List of Abbreviations 

BBS 

BDHS 

BIDS 

BLS 

CDI 

CLTS 

CRC 

DCC 

FAO 

GDF 

GDP 

HDI 

HIES 

ICRW 

ILO 

JMP 

MDGs 

MICS 

MSCW 

NAR 

NSDS 

OOSC 

PEDP III 

PESP 

PPRC 

SAARC 

SVRS 

U5MR 

UN 

UNCRC 

UNDAF 

UNDP 

UNESCO 

UNFPA 

UNICEF 

WDI 

WFP 

WHO 

WMS 

Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics 

Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 

Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies 

Bangladesh Literacy Survey 

Composite Deprivation Index 

Community Led Total Sanitation 

Convention on the Rights of the Child 

Dhaka City Corporation 

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 

Global Development Finance 

Gross Domestic Product 

Human Development Index 

Household Income and Expenditure Survey 

International Center for Research on Women 

International Labour Organization 

Joint Monitoring Programme 

Millennium Development Goals 

Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 

Monitoring the Situation of Children and Women 

Net Attendance Rate 

National Strategy for the Development of Statistics 

Out Of School Children 

Third Primary Education Development Programme 

Primary Education Stipend Programme 

Power and Participation Research Centre 

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation 

Sample Vital Registration System 

Under-Five Mortality Rate 

United Nations 

United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 

United Nations Development Assistance Framework 

United Nations Development Programme 

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 

United Nations Population Fund 

United Nations Children’s Fund 

World Development Indicators 

World Food Programme 

World Health Organization 

Welfare Monitoring Survey 

vi

Contents 

Foreword.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................iii 

Acknowledgements...................................................................................................................................................................................................v 

List of Abbreviations.................................................................................................................................................................................................vi 

Chapter One : Introduction....................................................................................................................1 

1.0 Background of the Study.............................................................................................................................................................................3 

1.1 Objectives and Scope..............................................................................................................................................................................4 

1.2 Brief Description of Data and Sources...............................................................................................................................................5 

1.3 Key Features of Census 2011................................................................................................................................................................5 

1.4 Comparison of Population Census 2011 and Other Data Sets.................................................................................................6 

1.5 About the Equity Atlas............................................................................................................................................................................6 

1.6 Structure of the Report...........................................................................................................................................................................7 

Chapter Two: Population Distribution and Demographic Situation................................................11 

2.1 Age-sex Composition and Population Density........................................................................................................................... 13 

2.2 The Sex Ratio for the Under-Five Population............................................................................................................................... 18 

2.3 Population Under 18 years (Child Population)............................................................................................................................ 18 

2.4 Population Under Five.......................................................................................................................................................................... 21 

2.5 Female Teenage Marriage................................................................................................................................................................... 21 

2.6 Female Headed Households.............................................................................................................................................................. 23 

Chapter Three: Literacy, School Attendance and Educational Attainment.....................................27 

3.1 Female Education.................................................................................................................................................................................. 30 

3.2 Adult Literacy.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 30 

3.3 Youth Literacy.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 35 

3.4 Progress in Literacy............................................................................................................................................................................... 38 

3.5 Progress in Girl’s Education................................................................................................................................................................ 40 

3.6 School Attendance at Five.................................................................................................................................................................. 43 

3.7 Out of School Children......................................................................................................................................................................... 45 

3.8 School Attendance at Secondary..................................................................................................................................................... 48 

3.9 Marital Statues versus Educational Attainment of Female..................................................................................................... 51 

Chapter Four: Child Worker and the Sectors of Employment...........................................................53 

4.1 The Real Child Worker........................................................................................................................................................................... 55 

4.2 Sectors of Employment....................................................................................................................................................................... 59 

vii

Chapter Five: Housing, Access to Sanitary Toilet and Electricity......................................................61 

5.1 Housing .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 63 

5.2 Access to Sanitary Toilet...................................................................................................................................................................... 66 

5.3 Access to Electricity............................................................................................................................................................................... 70 

Chapter Six: Situation in Urban Areas: The Case of Dhaka City Corporation..................................79 

6.1 Population Distribution and Demographic Situation.............................................................................................................. 82 

6.2 Literacy, School Attendance and Educational Attainment..................................................................................................... 86 

6.3 Female Teenage (15-19 years) Marriage........................................................................................................................................ 91 

6.4 Real Child Worker and the Areas of Employment...................................................................................................................... 91 

6.5 Housing, Access to Sanitary Toilet and Electricity...................................................................................................................... 95 

Chapter Seven: Pockets of Social Deprivation...................................................................................97 

7.1 Social Deprivation Maps....................................................................................................................................................................100 

7.2 Emerging Patterns and Pockets of Social Deprivation...........................................................................................................109 

7.3 Uncovering the Disparities and Uniformities............................................................................................................................110 

7.4 Progress has been Least in the Most Deprived Areas.............................................................................................................114 

Chapter Eight: Summary and Conclusion.........................................................................................115 

8.1 Final Highlights, Observations and Key Recommendations................................................................................................118 

Reference............................................................................................................................................122 

Annexure.............................................................................................................................................123 

List of Tables 

Table 1.1: Comparison of Bangladesh population and housing census 2011 and other data sets.........................................9 

Table 1.2: Comparison of the selected indicators between population and housing census 2001 and 2011................. 10 

Table 2.1: Population density (population/sq.km.): Lowest and highest density districts, Bangladesh, 2011................. 14 

Table 2.2: Proportion of population below 18 years: Lowest and highest districts, Bangladesh, 2011............................... 18 

Table 2.3: Population of children below 5 years: Lowest and highest districts, Bangladesh, 2011....................................... 21 

Table 2.4: Proportion of female teenage (15-19 years) married population: Low and high 

prevalence districts, Bangladesh, 2011.................................................................................................................................. 21 

Table 2.5: Prevalence of female headed households (per cent): Lowest and highest districts, Bangladesh, 2011.........................23 

Table 3.1: Female adult (15 years and above) literacy rate: Best and worst districts, Bangladesh, 2011............................ 35 

Table 3.2: Youth literacy rate (15-24 years): Best and worst districts, Bangladesh, 2011.......................................................... 38 

Table 3.3: School attendance rate at 5 years of age: Highest and lowest districts, Bangladesh, 2011................................ 45 

Table 3.4: Proportion of out of school children (6-10 years): best and worst districts, Bangladesh, 2011......................... 48 

Table 3.5: Net attendance rate at secondary school: Best and worst districts, Bangladesh, 2011........................................ 51 

Table 4.1: Proportion of real child worker (10-14 years): Best and worst districts, Bangladesh, 2011................................. 56 

Table 5.1: Proportion of households living in ‘pucca’ houses: Best and worst districts, Bangladesh, 2011........................ 66 

Table 5.2: Proportion of households living in ‘kutcha’ houses: Best and worst districts, Bangladesh, 2011...................... 66 

Table 5.3: Proportion of households without access to sanitary toilet: Best and worst districts, Bangladesh 2011...................66 

Table 5.4: Proportion of households without electricity connection: Best and worst districts, Bangladesh, 2011.....................70 

Table 5.5: Proportion of households having access to both sanitary toilet and electricity connection: 

Best and worst districts, Bangladesh, 2011............................................................................................................................ 74 

viii

Table 5.6: Proportion of households having no access to sanitary toilet and electricity connection: 

Best and worst districts, Bangladesh, 2011............................................................................................................................ 74 

Table 6.1: Proportion of population below 18 years: Highest and lowest wards, Dhaka City Corporation, 

Bangladesh, 2011........................................................................................................................................................................... 84 

Table 6.2: Proportion of female teenage (15-19 years) married population: Highest and lowest wards, 

Dhaka City Corporation, Bangladesh, 2011.......................................................................................................................... 84 

Table 6.3: Youth literacy rate (15-24 years): Best and worst wards, Dhaka City Corporation, Bangladesh, 2011.....................86 

Table 6.4: Adult literacy rate (15 years and above): Best and worst wards, Dhaka City Corporation, Bangladesh, 2011................ 86 

Table 6.5: Proportion of out of school children (6-10 years): Best and worst wards, 


Table 6.6: Net attendance rate (NAR) at secondary level: Best and worst wards, 


Table 6.7: Proportion of real child worker: Best and worst wards, Dhaka City Corporation, Bangladesh, 2011................... 92 

Table 6.8: Proportion of real child worker (boys): Best and worst wards, Dhaka City Corporation, Bangladesh, 2011.....................92 

Table 6.9: Proportion of real child worker (girls): Best and worst wards, Dhaka City Corporation, Bangladesh, 2011......................92 

Table 7.1: Top and bottom 15 districts of social deprivation based on CDI, Bangladesh, 2011...........................................107 

Table 7.2: Top and bottom 30 upazilas of social deprivation based on CDI, Bangladesh, 2011...........................................108 

Table 7.3: Number of deprived upazilas amongst the 15 most deprived districts based on CDI, Bangladesh, 2011....................110 

Table 7.4: Distribution of most deprived 50 upazilas by district, Bangladesh, 2011................................................................111 

List of Figures 

Figure 2.1: Population pyramid of Bangladesh, 2011............................................................................................................................ 13 

Figure 2.2: Percentage of female teenage (15-19 years) married population by administrative divisions, 

Bangladesh, 2011......................................................................................................................................................................... 21 

Figure 2.3: Percentage of female headed households by administrative divisions, Bangladesh, 2011............................. 23 

Figure 3.1: Educational attainment of female aged 15-24 years and 40-49 years (%), Bangladesh, 2011.......................... 30 

Figure 3.2: Adults (15 years and above) literacy rate by administrative divisions, Bangladesh, 2011................................ 30 

Figure 3.3: Progress in literacy (in terms of youth literacy being higher than adult literacy) rate by upazila, 

Bangladesh, 2011.......................................................................................................................................................................... 38 

Figure 3.4: Comparison of youth (15-24 years) Versus Adult (15 years and above) literacy rates, 

Bangladesh, 2011......................................................................................................................................................................... 40 

Figure 3.5: Female youth (15-24 years) literacy rate by administrative divisions, Bangladesh, 2011................................... 40 

Figure 3.6: Gender difference in youth literacy rates: proportion of upazilas, Bangladesh, 2011......................................... 41 

Figure 3.7: Literacy rates of three generations (three age groups) by gender, Bangladesh, 2011........................................ 43 

Figure 3.8: Pre-school attendance rate at five years by administrative divisions, Bangladesh, 2011................................... 43 

Figure 3.9: Female net attendance rate (NAR) at secondary school by administrative divisions, 

Bangladesh, 2011......................................................................................................................................................................... 48 

Figure 3.10: Educational attainment (in %) of married and unmarried young women (15-24 years), 

Bangladesh 2011........................................................................................................................................................................ 51 

Figure 4.1: Proportion of real child worker (10-14 years) by administrative divisions, 

Bangladesh, 2011.......................................................................................................................................................................... 56 

Figure 5.1: Proportion of households living in kutcha houses by administrative divisions and rural and 

urban areas, Bangladesh, 2011................................................................................................................................................ 64 

Figure 5.2: Proportion of households without access to sanitary toilet by administrative divisions and rural 

and urban areas, Bangladesh, 2011........................................................................................................................................ 66 

Figure 5.3: Percentage of households having no electricity connection by administrative divisions and 

rural and urban areas, 2011....................................................................................................................................................... 70 

ix

Figure 6.1: Educational attainment by married and unmarried young women (15-24 years) (in %), 

Bangladesh, 2011......................................................................................................................................................................... 91 

Figure 6.2: Educational attainment of female aged 15-24 and 40-49 years (in %), Bangladesh, 2011................................ 91 

Figure 6.3: Proportion of real child workers among boys and girls in Dhaka City Corporation, Bangladesh, 2011....................91 

Figure 6.4: The extent of real child workers in Dhaka City Corporation by proportion of wards, Bangladesh, 2011.....................91 

Figure 7.1: Number of districts and upazilas by number of deprivations as per the selected eight indicators, 

Bangladesh, 2011........................................................................................................................................................................100 

Figure 7.2: Number of districts and upazilas by quintiles values of Composite Deprivation Index based 

on the number of social deprivations, Bangladesh, 2011...........................................................................................100 

List of Maps 

Map 2.1: Roads and rivers in Bangladesh................................................................................................................................................... 15 

Map 2.2: Density of population by district (population/sq.km.), Bangladesh 2011................................................................... 16 

Map 2.3: Density of population by upazila (population/sq.km.), Bangladesh 2011................................................................... 17 

Map 2.4: Proportion of population below 18 years by district, Bangladesh 2011...................................................................... 19 

Map 2.5: Proportion of population below 18 years by upazila, Bangladesh 2011...................................................................... 20 

Map 2.6: Proportion of female teenage (15-19 years) married population by district, Bangladesh 2001......................... 22 

Map 2.7: Proportion of female teenage (15-19 years) married population by district, Bangladesh 2011......................... 24 

Map 2.8: Proportion of female teenage (15-19 years) married population by upazila, Bangladesh 2011......................... 25 

Map 2.9: Proportion of female headed households by upazila, Bangladesh 2011..................................................................... 26 

Map 3.1: Adult literacy rate by district, Bangladesh 2001.................................................................................................................... 31 

Map 3.2: Adult literacy rate by district, Bangladesh 2011.................................................................................................................... 32 

Map 3.3: Female adult (15 years and above) literacy rate by district, Bangladesh 2011........................................................... 33 

Map 3.4: Female adult (15 years and above) literacy rate by upazila, Bangladesh 2011.......................................................... 34 

Map 3.5: Youth (15-24 years) literacy rate by district, Bangladesh 2011........................................................................................ 36 

Map 3.6: Youth (15-24 years) literacy rate by upazila, Bangladesh 2011........................................................................................ 37 

Map 3.7: Progress (youth minus adult) in literacy rate by upazila, Bangladesh 2011................................................................ 39 

Map 3.8: Gender difference in youth literacy by upazila, Bangladesh 2011................................................................................. 42 

Map 3.9: School attendance rate at age 5 by upazila, Bangladesh 2011........................................................................................ 44 

Map 3.10: Out of school children aged 6-10 years by district, Bangladesh 2011........................................................................ 46 

Map 3.11: Out of school children aged 6-10 years by upazila, Bangladesh 2011........................................................................ 47 

Map 3.12: NAR at secondary school by district, Bangladesh 2011................................................................................................... 49 

Map 3.13: NAR at secondary school by upazila, Bangladesh 2011................................................................................................... 50 

Map 4.1: Proportion of real child worker (aged 10-14 years) by district, Bangladesh 2011.................................................... 57 

Map 4.2: Proportion of real child worker (aged 10-14 years) by upazila, Bangladesh 2011.................................................... 58 

Map 5.1: Proportion of households live in kutcha houses by upazila, Bangladesh 2011......................................................... 65 

Map 5.2: Proportion of households having no sanitary toilet by district, Bangladesh 2001.................................................. 67 

Map 5.3: Proportion of households having no sanitary toilet by district, Bangladesh 2011.................................................. 68 

Map 5.4: Proportion of households having no sanitary toilet by upazila, Bangladesh 2011.................................................. 69 

Map 5.5: Proportion of households having no electricity connection by district, Bangladesh 2001.................................. 71 

Map 5.6: Proportion of households having no electricity connection by district, Bangladesh 2011.................................. 72 

Map 5.7: Proportion of households having no electricity connection by upazila, Bangladesh 2011.................................. 73 

Map 5.8: Proportion of households having no access to sanitary toilet and electricity connection by district, 

Bangladesh 2011............................................................................................................................................................................... 75 

Map 5.9: Proportion of households having no access to sanitary toilet and electricity connection by upazila, 

Bangladesh 2011.............................................................................................................................................................................. 76 

x

Map 5.10: Proportion of households having access to sanitary toilet and electricity connection by district, 

Bangladesh 2011........................................................................................................................................................................... 77 

Map 5.11: Proportion of households having access to sanitary toilet and electricity connection by upazila, 

Bangladesh 2011........................................................................................................................................................................... 78 

Map 6.1: Proportion of population below 18 years by ward in DCC, Bangladesh 2011............................................................ 83 

Map 6.2: Proportion of female teenage (15-19 years) married population by ward in DCC, Bangladesh 2011.................... 85 

Map 6.3: Female adult (15 years and above) illiteracy rate by ward in DCC, Bangladesh 2011.............................................. 87 

Map 6.4: Out of school children aged 6-10 years by ward in DCC, Bangladesh 2011................................................................ 89 

Map 6.5: NAR at secondary school by ward in DCC, Bangladesh 2011........................................................................................... 90 

Map 6.6: Proportion of real child worker (aged 10-14 years) by ward in DCC, Bangladesh 2011.......................................... 93 

Map 6.7: Difference between boys & girls real child worker by ward in DCC, Bangladesh 2011........................................... 94 

Map 7.1: Pockets of social deprivation (by deprivation count) by district, Bangladesh 2011...............................................101 

Map 7.2: Pockets of social deprivation (by deprivation count) by upazila, Bangladesh 2011..............................................102 

Map 7.3: Pockets of social deprivation (by composite deprivation index) by district, Bangladesh 2011.........................103 

Map 7.4: Pockets of social deprivation (by composite deprivation index) by upazila, Bangladesh 2011........................104 

Map 7.5: Pockets of social deprivation (by deprivation count) by ward in DCC, Bangladesh 2011....................................105 

Map 7.6: Pockets of social deprivation (by composite deprivation index) by ward in DCC, Bangladesh 2011..............106 

Map 7.7: Most deprived 50 upazilas, Bangladesh 2011......................................................................................................................112 

Map 7.8: Most deprived 100 upazilas, Bangladesh 2011....................................................................................................................113 

Annexure.............................................................................................................................................123 

Annex-1A: List of Indicators..........................................................................................................................................................................125 

Annex-1B: Definition of Indicators.............................................................................................................................................................126 

Annex-1C: Computing the Indicators: Numerators and Denominators.......................................................................................127 

Annex-2: Ranges of Values Used for Preparing the Maps and Constructing the Deprivation Indices...............................129 

Annex-3A: Data Tables: Districts and DCC Wards..................................................................................................................................131 

Annex Table 2.1: Population distribution by district, Bangladesh 2011..................................................................................131 

Annex Table 3.1: Literacy and school attendance of children and young population by district, Bangladesh 2011......135 

Annex Table 4.1: Distribution of child worker (real) aged 10-14 years by gender and district, Bangladesh 2011...142 

Annex Table 5.1: Types of houses and access to sanitation and electricity by district, Bangladesh 2011..................145 

Annex Table 6.1: Population distribution by ward, Dhaka City Corporation, Bangladesh 2011....................................149 

Annex Table 6.2: Literacy and school attendance of children and young population by ward, Dhaka City 

Corporation, Bangladesh 2011...................................................................................................................................154 

Annex Table 6.3: Distribution of child worker (real) aged 10-14 years by gender and ward, Dhaka City Corporation, 

Bangladesh 2011.............................................................................................................................................................164 

Annex Table 6.4: Types of houses and access to sanitary toilet and electricity by ward, Dhaka City Corporation, 

Bangladesh 2011.............................................................................................................................................................169 

Annex-3B: Data Tables: Upazilas (available in CD only) 

Annex-4: Comparison of Social Deprivation using Both Methods: Deprivation Count and Composite 

Deprivation Index, Bangladesh 2011.....................................................................................................................................174 

Annex-5A: Pockets of Social Deprivation: Ranking of the Districts (by Composite Deprivation Index), 

Bangladesh 2011........................................................................................................................................................................175 

Annex-5B: Pockets of Social Deprivation: Ranking of the Upazilas (by Composite Deprivation Index), 

Bangladesh 2011.........................................................................................................................................................................177 

xi

Introduction 

Chapter One 

Introduction 

Photo : Ibrahim Khan Moni 

1

Child Equity Atlas 

Photo : Ehsan Mithun 

2

Introduction 

Introduction 

1.0 Background of the Study 

1.0.1 In 40 years of independence, Bangladesh 

illustrates a country determined to achieve social 

justice in its development. The Constitution of 

the People’s Republic of Bangladesh 1 is built 

on the principles of fundamental human rights 

and freedom, equality and justice and nondiscrimination. 

These values clearly underlie the 

inter twined objectives of the country’s Sixth 

Five Year Plan such as ‘reduce income inequality’, 

‘reduce regional disparities by ensuring distributive 

justice’, ‘achieve sustained growth with equity 

and social justice’ among others; with a shift to the 

monitoring of development results. 

1.0.2 Accordingly, Bangladesh Vision 2021 

seeks to achieve higher per capita income in a 

development scenario where citizens are expected 

to enjoy a higher standard of living, better 

education, better social justice, a more equitable 

socioeconomic environment, and sustainability 

of development through better protection 

from climate change and natural disasters. The 

associated political environment will be based on 

democratic principles with emphasis on human 

rights, freedom of expression, rule of law, equality 

of citizens irrespective of race, religion and creed, 

and equality of opportunities 2 . 

1.0.3 Development with equity is one of the key 

purposes of the Convention on the Rights of the 

Child (CRC) and other international human rights 

1 

The Constitution of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh 

http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/print_sections_all.php?id=367. 

2 

Sixth Five Year Plan (2011-15), General Economics Division, 

Planning Commission, Ministry of Planning, Government 

of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh , http://napd.ac.bd/ 

Sixthplan.pdf 

instruments. By ratifying the CRC state parties are 

obliged to ensure the progressive realization of 

the rights of children with equity. 

1.0.4 The Bangladesh Millennium Development 

Goals Progress Report 3 , 2011 shows that the 

country has made remarkable progress in 

primary school enrolment, gender parity in 

primary and secondary education, lowering the 

infant and under-five mortality rate, improving 

immunization coverage and reducing incidence of 

communicable diseases. For instance, Bangladesh 

and the Maldives are the only two countries in 

the SAARC region to have achieved the MDG of 

reducing by two-thirds, the under-five mortality 

rate (U5MR). Among SAARC countries with a 

large population size, Bangladesh clearly stands 

out with the highest Annual Rate of Reduction 

of U5MR (on average a 5.3 per cent annual rate 

of reduction between 1990 and 2011). These are 

truly remarkable achievements. 

1.0.5 But the question is: Has Bangladesh made 

the progress with equity? The reality, however, 

is that the progress is uneven – disparities exist 

in effective coverage of basic social services by 

geographic regions, rural-urban, gender, wealth, 

ethnicity, and other dimensions. Various national 

surveys such as the Bangladesh Demographic and 

Health Survey 2011, Multiple Indicator Cluster 

Survey 2009 confirm these disparities, at subnational 

levels. 

1.0.6 To attain a more inclusive and socially just 

development, the Bangladesh Sixth Five year Plan 

3 

The Millennium Development Goals: Bangladesh Progress 

Report, 2011 http://www.un-bd.org/pub/MDG%20 

Progress%20Report%202011.pdf. 

3


2011-2015 prioritizes programmes to reach the 

47 million people living below the poverty line. 

A significant proportion of the poor are living in 

households which are female headed, in remote 

areas, and consisting of socially excluded and 

other vulnerable people. Their access to secondary 

and tertiary education is limited and the quality of 

education at all levels is deficient. The Government 

recognized that a large segment of the population 

is severely disadvantaged in terms of ownership of 

assets and has inadequate access to institutional 

finance as well as to basic services including quality 

education, healthcare, water and sanitation. These 

people, and among them especially women and 

children, are also disproportionately affected 

by natural disasters and the adverse effects of 

climate change. Despite expansion, publicly 

supported mitigating measures in the form of 

social protection programmes are numerous but 

still inadequate and insufficiently child sensitive or 

equity focused. 

1.0.7 To make evidence based policy and budget 

decisions, the general public and policy makers 

need to visualize social deprivation issues at 

administrative levels to show the persisting 

inequalities and pockets of entrenched social 

deprivations. For Bangladesh’s growth and 

development to be socially inclusive, equity issues 

need to be unpacked at geographic levels that 

engender mutual accountability for all stakeholders 

– civil society, local leaders, private sector 

practitioners, and Government and development 

partners. The understanding of existing social 

inequalities will gauge the success of existing 

policies and serve as a basis for subsequent policy 

reform, and investment decisions. 

1.0.8 The Government of Bangladesh and its 

partners invested a lot of resources to complete 

the Population and Housing Census 2011 

(commonly known as Population Census 2011) 

and validated the Census results. The Census 

data is a vital source for development planning 

and policy. The availability of the 2011 Census 

data, to the individual and household levels, 

offers scope for a low cost approach to equity 

based policy analysis and advocacy for reducing 

inequality. 

1.0.9 Hence this study – in a tripartite partnership 

between the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics 

(BBS), Bangladesh Institute of Development 

Studies (BIDS), and UNICEF – analysed the 2011 

census data, with the following objectives. 

1.1 Objectives and Scope 

1.1.1 The overall objective of the study is to 

analyse the 2011 Census data to understand 

the patterns of social inequalities, identify areas 

of progress and persisting pockets of social 

deprivation; and engender evidence based 

dialogue and informed decisions to increase 

the equity focus of social development policies 

and programmes for equitable realization of the 

socioeconomic rights of children and women in 

Bangladesh. 

1.1.2 Specific objectives of the study include the 

following: 

1. Harness the detailed information available 

in the census, done once in 10 years, to 

have reliable data at levels below districts 

at virtually no additional cost. 

2. Make the census data more accessible, 

user friendly so as to unearth child 

centered inequities such as girls married 

between 15 to 19 years, “real child worker”, 

etc. in graphs and maps. 

4

Introduction 

3. Present geographical distribution of 

the data in maps and patterns for easy 

comparison of relative spatial progress 

over time. 

4. Combine key social indicators into a 

composite deprivation index to trace the 

most deprived areas, compare with other 

social deprivation measures. 

5. Generate a disaggregated profile of 

children, youth and women based on 

literacy, primary and secondary education, 

child protection, housing, sanitation and 

access to electricity. 

6. Unearth existing social inequalities by 

administrative divisions, districts, upazilas 

and wards in Dhaka City Corporation 

(DCC) through innovative and user 

friendly graphs and maps. 

7. Identify pockets of progress and persisting 

social deprivation for evidence based 

policy reform and geographic targeting 

(especially in urban areas) to reduce social 

deprivations affecting children. 

1.1.3 The report points out the pockets of 

poverty, measured through social deprivation 

indicators at various sub-national administrative 

levels - divisions, districts, upazilas and wards in 

Dhaka City Corporation (DCC). It notes progress 

recorded in the past decade by comparing 

trend with the 2001 census. The study serves 

as a wakeup call to action by Government, 

civil society, communities and development 

agencies on the lingering pockets of inequality 

that must be addressed for Bangladesh to 

achieve MDGs and attain Middle Income Status 

with equity. 

1.2 Brief Description of Data and Sources 4 

1.2.1 As mentioned above, data from the 

Population Census 2011 has extensively been 

used in the study. Data on selected indicators 

by gender, area (rural-urban) and administrative 

units (division, district and sub-districts termed 

as upazilas) and for the wards of Dhaka City 

Corporations (both north and south) were used for 

the study. Tables, graphs and maps have been used 

to picture the situation of children and youths in 

Bangladesh using selected social indicators. 

1.3 Key Features of Census 2011 

1.3.1 According to the results of Population and 

Housing Census 2011, the enumerated population 

was 144,043,697 5 . The total enumerated 

population comprises of 72,109,796 males and 

71,933,901 females, giving a sex ratio of 100.3 or 

almost equal numbers of men and women in the 

country. The annual population growth rate during 

the last decade was 1.47 per cent. Around 76.7 

per cent of the population lives in the rural areas, 

while the rest live in urban areas. The population 

density, which is one of the highest in the world, 

was 976 persons per sq. km., up from 839 in 2001. 

1.3.2 A total number of 32,067,700 households 

have been enumerated during the census. The 

average number of persons living in a household 

is 4.44. It is found from the 2011 census that the 

literacy rate for all age groups has increased 

significantly and stands at 51.8 per cent in 2011 as 

compared to 37 per cent in 2001. A wide gender 

4 

All the data used in the report is taken from the Population 

and Housing Census 2011 unless otherwise mentioned. 

5 

The adjusted population for the entire country was 

149,772,364. The report, however, analyzed the enumerated 

population as enumerated population figures are available 

at all disaggregate levels; whereas adjusted population 

figures are available only at the aggregate level. 

5


disparity in the literacy rate and school attendance 

was observed in 2001. This disparity on literacy 

and school attendance between men and women 

has reduced in 2011, with literacy rate (for all 

ages) being 54.6 per cent for men and 50.8 per 

cent for women, justifying the need to zoom into 

disparities at lower levels. 

1.4 Comparison of Population Census 2011 

and Other Data Sets 

1.4.1 A comparison has been made between the 

results obtained from the census data to that 

of the other data sets in Table 1.1. It is observed 

that the estimates obtained from the census data 

are comparable to that of the other data sets. 

The comparison between the censuses 2001 and 

2011 is also presented (Table 1.2). It is important 

to note here that substantial improvements have 

been noted between 2001 and 2011 in respect of 

most of the indicators taken into account, while 

disparities are more observable with further 

disaggregation by social groups and regions. 

1.5 About the Equity Atlas 

1.5.1 The Equity Atlas is an important detailed 

insight into the social situation of children, youths 

and their families in Bangladesh, based upon the 

2011 Census. Central to the atlas are the maps 

while the graphs show the remarkable progress 

achieved such as in the field of education and the 

closing of the gender gap. 

1.5.2 The maps are based upon selected indicator 

value quintiles with defined value ranges per 

indicator. The value ranges per indicator show 

incredible inequity in Bangladesh for example with 

upazilas values for access to electricity differing 

from 98 per cent to 8 per cent. Another example 

of unbelievable inequity is the range of female 

child labour (who are not attending school) in 

Bangladesh - from 0.1 per cent in one upazila to 27 

per cent in another - factor of 270 times difference 

between two upazilas in the same country. 

1.5.3 The analysis also displays new indicators 

like the “real child worker” and teenage marriage. 

Female Teenage Marriage (married in the 

age bracket of 15-19 years) is still very high in 

Bangladesh (32.5 per cent on an average but as 

high as 55 per cent in one upazila), which shows 

higher prevalence in the western part of the 

country, suggesting not much relation to poverty 

levels but possibly to structural issues of social 

norms. 

1.5.4 One of the new elements in the study is the 

analysis of prevalence of the real child worker, 

i.e. children who are working and not attending 

school. It is a very important issue that deserves the 

concerted effort of families, community leaders, 

civil society organizations, private sector leaders, 

development partners with the authorities of 

Bangladesh. The real child worker situation affects 

more than five per cent of children (predominantly 

boys). In Dhaka city, about one in six children are 

real child workers, while one of the wards shows 

43.8 per cent of children as real child workers. 

1.5.5 The Atlas also puts the Out Of School Children 

(OOSC) into a new context. The proportion of Out 

Of School Children is alarmingly high (almost one 

in four). The proportion of OOSC has a correlation 

of 0.9 with the composite deprivation index, hence 

a clear indicator of deprivation in general. In the 

worst upazilas, almost half (45 per cent) of children 

are out of school. 

1.5.6 In this study, a composite deprivation 

index (CDI) of social dimension of poverty has 

been created. The CDI is strongly related to 

6

Introduction 

social deprivation and usable for multi-sector 

social targeting of the most deprived upazilas 

as it represents the education, housing, child 

protection and water and sanitation sectors. The 

index captures social deprivation poverty and 

the results of the index can easily be used and 

understood. The higher the CDI number the worse 

the situation and, therefore, the more efforts to 

be invested to achieve Millennium Development 

Goals (MDGs), focusing on the most deprived 

populations. 

1.5.7 The upazila map with its greater geographic 

resolution, features patterns of performance and 

glaring “worst performing” areas or disparities, 

often obscured by national and “district averages”. 

Thus 90 “high deprivation” upazilas were identified. 

This combined with the 50 “highest deprivation” 

upazilas, adds up to 140 upazilas (29 per cent of 

all upazilas) being recognized as “most deprived” 

upazilas. 

1.5.8 The important thing about the 2011 Census, 

when analyzed from the children’s socioeconomic 

rights equity lens, is that it shows Bangladesh is 

homogeneous but home to more challenging 

disparities than thought. The robust census data 

at the upazila and ward level shows the disparities, 

especially within urban districts or districts with 

isolated areas. The composite deprivation index 

helps to focus on the most deprived areas. For 

instance, the areas with the highest deprivation 

tend to be both the least and most (urban slums) 

densely populated areas. Combining the map 

results and statistical analysis, we can conclude 

that among the 50 highest deprivation upazilas, 

only one has an above average progress in 

literacy reduction and that these have been the 

low performing areas for a long time (stagnant 

areas are the hard core), most of them being 

geographically remote areas, and have lowest 

population densities. 

1.5.9 The analysis reveals that more than good 

governance, remoteness seems to be the big 

driver of social stagnation. Thus, efforts to reach 

and open up these areas should be increased, as 

stated in the Sixth Five Year Plan 2011-2015. 

1.6 Structure of the Report 

1.6.1 The report is structured as follows. After 

the introductory chapter, chapter two discusses 

the population distribution and demographic 

situation in the country. Literacy, school 

attendance and educational attainment are 

discussed in chapter three. The issues of child 

worker and spatial distribution are presented in 

chapter four. Chapter five is on housing, access 

to sanitary toilet and electricity. The situation in 

Dhaka City Corporation, also a proxy for urban 

area, has been presented in chapter six. Chapter 

seven presents the pockets of social deprivation, 

and finally the summary and conclusion of the 

report is presented in chapter eight. 

Presentation of Data/Findings 

1.6.2 As mentioned earlier, the report has used 

the 2011 census data quite extensively. Results 

obtained from the analyses are presented in 

several stages using tables, graphs, and maps by 

gender, area (rural-urban), division, district, upazila 

and wards of Dhaka City Corporation. Indicators 

used in the report along with their definition and 

computation are given in Annex 1A through 1C 

respectively. Presentation of results is made as in 

the follow order: 

(i) Graphs have been prepared for some of the 

selected indicators by gender, rural-urban 

and/or division and presented alongside 

7


(ii) 

text in each of the chapters (referred to as 

“figure” in the title as well as in the text). 

Maps have been prepared again for some 

selected indicators separately by both 

district and upazila for the entire country, 

and ward for Dhaka City Corporation and 

presented in the respective chapters. 

Range of values of the respective 

indicators used for preparing the maps is 

presented in Annex-2. The legends used 

in the maps portray “dark” colours in most 

cases to represent the worst scenario and 

vice-versa for each of the indicators taken 

into consideration. 

(iv) 

City Corporation. These set of tables is 

presented towards the end of the report in 

Annex-3A and numbered according to the 

chapters they belong to (e.g., Annex Table 

2.1, etc.). The snap shots on each of the 

tables mentioned above were presented 

in each chapter alongside text. 

A second set of tables have also been 

prepared using all the indicators and 

presented by upazila. These tables are 

not presented in the report, but available 

electronically (in CD) in Annex-3B and 

numbered according to the chapters they 

refer to (e.g., Annex Table 2.1, etc.). 

(iii) 

First set of tables have been prepared 

using all the indicators taken into 

consideration and the presentation of 

results has been made by districts for 

the entire country and wards for Dhaka 

1.6.3 A brief discussion of main findings is 

presented in the chapters. Detailed information by 

district, upazila or ward (in Dhaka City Corporation) 

for the indicators of interest can be seen from the 

maps, tables or annexes. 

Photo : Md. G M Rajib 

8

Introduction 

Table 1.1: Comparison of Bangladesh population and housing census 2011 and other data sets 

Indicator 

Census 

2011 

Proportion below 18 years (%) 39.7 45.2* 41.8 44.2* 45.0* 40.7* - 

Proportion below 5 years (%) 10.5 11.2 9.3 10.3 12.2 10.2 11.8 

Sex ratio under five 103.0 102.6 104.2 107.0 - 106.0 - 

Proportion of women in childbearing age (15-49 yrs.) (%) 53.4 52.8 54.7 52.7 48.6 51.1 - 

Female teenage married (15-19 yrs.) (%) 32.5 45.7 31.6 - - - 

Female headed households (%) 15.6 11.0 13.3 13.9 - - - 

Youth literacy rate (15-24 yrs.) (%) 75.4 - - 78.6 - - 

Adult literacy rate (15 years and above) (%) 53.0 - 58.8 57.9 59.8 - 

Pre-school attendance or school attendance rate at age five (%) 21.6 - - - 22.9 - 

NAR at primary school (6-10 yrs.) (%) 59.9 - - - 81.3 - 

School attendance rate at primary (%) 77.0 87.7 84.8 - 66.8 - 

Proportion of out of school children (6-10 yrs.) (%) 23.0 12.3 15.3 - - - 

NAR at secondary school (11-15 yrs.) (%) 54.3 - - - 49.0 - 

School attendance rate at secondary (%) 76.0 79.0 77.8 - - - 

Proportion of out of school children (11-15 yrs.) (%) 24.0 21.0 22.2 - - - 

Proportion of real child worker (aged 10-14 yrs.) (%) 6.0 - - 3.6 - 

Proportion of households living in pucca houses (%) 11.3 - 9.6 9.5 - - 8.3 

Proportion of households living in semi-pucca houses (%) 19.6 - 19.3 16.6 - - 16.9 

Proportion of households living in kutcha houses (%) 66.2 - 66.4 70.4 - - 72.0 

Proportion of households live in jhupri structures (%) 2.9 - 4.7 3.6 - - 2.8 

Proportion of households having no access to sanitary toilet (%) 36.4 - 36.4 49.0 - 49.5 41.7 

Proportion of households without electricity connection (%) 43.9 40.4 36.4 44.7 - - 49.8 

BDHS 

2011 

SVRS 

2011 

HIES 

2010 

BLS 

2010 

MICS 

2009 

WMS 

2009 

*population below 20 years (0-19 years) 

Sources: Report on Sample Vital Registration System (SVRS), 2011; Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), 2011; Household Income and Expenditure 

Survey (HIES), 2010; Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), 2009; Report on the Bangladesh Literacy Survey (BLS), 2010; and Report on Welfare 

Monitoring Survey, 2009. 

9 

9


Table 1.2: Comparison of the selected indicators between population and housing census 2001 and 2011 

Indicator Census 2011 Census 2001 

Proportion below 18 years (%) 39.7 45.0 

Proportion below 5 years (%) 10.5 13.0 

Sex ratio under five 103.0 108.2 

Proportion of women in childbearing age (15-49 yrs.) (%) 53.4 51.0 

Female teenage married (15-19 yrs.) (%) 32.5 37.5 

Female headed households (%) 15.6 13.8 

Youth literacy rate (15-24 yrs) (%) 75.4 63.6 

Adult literacy rate (15 years and above) (%) 53.0 47.5 

School attendance rate at primary (%) 77.0 49.7 

Proportion of out of school children (6-10 yrs.) (%) 23.0 50.3 

School attendance at secondary (%) 76.0 64.0 

Proportion of out of school children (11-15 yrs.) (%) 24.0 36.1 

Proportion of real child worker (aged 10-14 yrs.) (%) 6.0 10.5 

Proportion of households living in pucca 6 houses (%) 11.3 6.7 

Proportion of households living in semi-pucca houses (%) 19.6 10.1 

Proportion of households living in kutcha 7 houses (%) 66.2 74.4 

Proportion of households living in jhupri 8 structures (%) 2.9 8.8 

Proportion of households having no access to sanitary toilet (%) 36.4 63.1 

Proportion of households without electricity connection (%) 43.9 68.6 

Sources: Population and Housing Census 2001 and 2011. 

6 Pucca indicates the houses which are fully made up of bricks. 

7 Kucha indicates the houses where floors are made up of soil, but the roofs and/or walls are made of ‘tin’ (metallic sheet). 

8 Jhupri indicates the houses where floors are made up of soil, and the roofs and walls are made of straw/bamboo, etc. 

10

Population Distribution and Demographic Situation 

Chapter Two 

Population Distribution 

and Demographic Situation 


11


Photo : UNICEF/Noorani 

12



2.0.0 Population distribution and density 

by divisions, districts, upazilas and other 

administrative units are vital for informed 

development planning and public policy dialogue 

for equitable social development. Since the 

administrative divisions are not based on uniform 

population units, it is important to understand 

the population distribution of the country and the 

demographic structure to provide policy makers 

with the geospatial socioeconomic trends and 

their policy implications, especially for the rights 

of children and women. 

2.0.1 In this chapter, relevant demographic 

indicators such as the proportion of the 

population below 18, population below five, sex 

ratio for under five, the proportion of women of 

childbearing age (15-49 years), the proportion of 

married female teenagers (15-19 years), and the 

proportion of female headed households have 

been analyzed. 

2.1 Age-sex Composition and Population Density 

2.1.0 The age structure of a population is both 

an outcome of past trends in fertility and mortality 

levels, the predictor of future demographic and 

economic growth and an indirect measure of the 

success of previous policies. In 1975, the population 

pyramid of Bangladesh was characterized by a very 

wide base with gradual tapering to a pointed tip, 

in the shape of a triangle - indicative of young 

population, with very large population of children 

of 0-4 years. According to the UNFPA, the total 

population growth rate has decreased from 2.3 per 

cent in 1981, to 1.6 per cent in 2001, and stands 

at 1.34 per cent in 2011, underpinned by success 

of child survival programmes and partnerships in 

Bangladesh. The surviving children aged 0-4 years 

as at 1975 have today transitioned into the 40 year 

old age cohort in the Bangladesh population (Figure 

2.1). According to the World Bank 9 , total fertility rate 

(births per woman) has decreased from 6.8 (1975) 

Male 

Figure 2.1: Population pyramid of Bangladesh 2011 

Age Group 

65+ 

60-64 

55-59 

50-54 

45-49 

40-44 

35-39 

30-34 

25-29 

20-24 

15-19 

10-14 

5-9 

0-4 

Female 

14 

12 

10 

8 

6 

4 

2 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 

Population (in percentage) 

9 

World Bank 2012, World Development Indicators (WDI) and Global Development Finance (GDF), 2012, http://data.worldbank. 

org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators 

13


to 2.2 (2012) in Bangladesh; an enviable feat that 

sets the stage for reaping demographic dividends 

into national growth and equitable socioeconomic 

development, if counter balanced with educational 

attainment, age of marriage and other variables 

that contribute to productive human capital and 

dependency. 

2.1.1 Teenage marriage hurts the health and could 

halt the development of girls in several ways. 

The early pregnancy that often follows teenage 

marriage compromises the health of young girls 

as well as the nutritional well-being of babies 

born in such circumstances. Caring for young 

mothers and their newborn babies poses obvious 

challenges in terms of capacities and resources 

for families as well as the health delivery system. 

Additionally, teenage marriage particularly among 

girls is a barrier to their educational attainment 

(see chapter three). 

2.1.2 In the Bangladesh Population Census it was 

estimated that 32.5 per cent of girls (15-19 years) 

were married in 2011, compared with 37.5 per 

cent in 2001. The practice of teenage marriage has 

reduced by a mere five percentage points over the 

last decade, a very slow pace compared to other 

demographic parameters in Bangladesh. 

2.1.3 Bangladesh has a very high population 

density - 968 persons per square kilometre - 

unevenly distributed across the country and 

posing a challenge for civic authorities to provide 

basic facilities such as drinking water and 

sanitation where spatial limitations of land and 

population pressure impact one another. 

2.1.4 The wide range of population density from 

Dhaka district having 8,229 persons per square 

kilometer to Bandarban with 87 people sharing 

the same area of land, which is further interspersed 

by numerous roads and rivers (Map 2.1), reveals 

the physical infrastructure of the country. The 

population density in the highest and lowest five 

districts is presented in Table 2.1 below. There are 

about 95 times more people per square kilometre 

in Dhaka than in Bandarban, posing challenges for 

infrastructure and social services being provided 

for the population. Population density by district 

and upazila are presented in Maps 2.2 and 2.3 

respectively with a deeper colour in the Map 

depicting higher levels of density. The Map shows 

that the density of population is relatively higher 

in the central parts and lower in the char, haor and 

coastal areas, and hill tracts of the country. 

Table 2.1: Population density (population/ 

sq.km.): Lowest and highest density districts, 

Bangladesh 2011 

Srl. 

Low density districts 

District 

Population 

density 

High density districts 

District 

Population 

density 

1. Bandarban 87 Dhaka 8229 

2. Rangamati 97 Narayanganj 4308 

3. Khagrachhari 223 Narsingdi 1934 

4. Bagerhat 373 Gazipur 1884 

5. Patuakhali 477 Comilla 1712 

Bangladesh: 968 


14

Jamuna River 

Padma 


Map 2.1: Roads and rivers in Bangladesh 

Legend 

Jamuna River 

National Highway 

Regional Highway 

Feeder Road 

Main Rivers 

Jamuna River 

Jamuna River 

Jamuna River 

Old Brahmaputra 

Old Brahmaputra 

Baulai River 

Nawa 

Kalai 

Surma 

Kushiara 

Upper Surma 

Jamuna River 

Kushiara 

Jamuna River 

Kalai 

Jamuna River 

Ghorauta 

Kalai 

Jamuna River 

Padma 

Padma 

Padma 

B A Y O F B 

E 

N 

G A 

L 

M Y A N M A R 

15


Map 2.2: Density of population by district 

(population/sq.km.), Bangladesh 2011 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

16


Map 2.3: Density of population by upazila 

(population/sq.km.), Bangladesh 2011 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

17


2.2 The Sex Ratio for the Under-Five Population 

2.2.1 The sex ratio, defined as the number of 

males per 100 females, is estimated at 100.3 in 

Bangladesh Population and Housing Census 

2011 (here in after referred to as Census 2011) 

indicating almost similar number of males and 

females in the country. A high degree of gender 

imbalance confers social and health implications 

on the population. In Bangladesh, the sex ratio 

trend, which was 106.1 and 106.6 in 1991 and 

2001, respectively, is expected to reach the value 

of 100 in near future. 

2.2.2 The sex ratio among children under five, 

usually referred to as the “child sex ratio”, reflects 

the possible prevalence of sex-selection activities 

such as abortions and discriminatory health care 

and medical services against girls. The sex ratio at 

birth (boys per 100 girls) is 105 all over the world 

which reflects no signs of gender discrimination 

against the birth of a girl child. The predictable 

sex ratio for the under-five population is 103 for 

Bangladesh because of the higher under five 

mortality rate (U5MR) for boys which matches 

the census estimates, confirming the absence of 

the practice of sex selection such as infanticide 

in the country. From Barisal to Bogra, child sex 

ratio in Bangladesh is within or better than the 

international standard benchmark. 

2.3 Population Under 18 Years (Child 

Population) 

2.3.1 Population below 18 years or the population 

of children and sub-groups there in, is an 

important demographic denominator against 

which social services can be assessed to meet 

the socioeconomic rights of children. The 2011 

Census gives the proportion of the population 

below 18 years (children population) as 39.7 per 

cent, showing a five percentage points reduction 

from 2001 (45 per cent) (Table 1.2 in chapter 

one). Like the population density, distribution 

of child population is also not uniform across 

the country. The proportion of children is much 

higher in the eastern part (broadly in the divisions 

of Chittagong and Sylhet) than in the western and 

central parts of the country. Maps 2.4 and 2.5 show 

the distribution of the proportion of children in 

districts and upazilas, respectively. 

2.3.2 A higher proportion of child population 

is related to the fertility of a country. A drop in 

proportion of children in the country, though 

marginal, is an outcome of lowering of fertility 

rates. From a high of around 55 per cent (Niger) 

to a low of 15 per cent (East European countries), 

the proportion of children (under 18 years) in 

Bangladesh population hovers around the middle 

of the global range. 

2.3.3 Within a country the proportion of child 

population is closely related to the level of 

poverty. People living in poverty tend to have 

more children. But in Bangladesh, the correlation 

between poverty and number of children is not 

very strong (0.53), as can be seen from the Maps 

presented with other deprivation indicators in 

chapter seven. 

Table 2.2: Proportion of population below 18 years: 

Lowest and highest districts, Bangladesh 2011 

Srl. 

Lowest districts 

Highest districts 

District % District % 

1. Dhaka 32.3 Cox’s Bazar 49.0 

2. Gazipur 32.5 Brahmanbaria 47.8 

3. Joypurhat 33.0 Sunamganj 47.6 

4. Naogaon 33.8 Noakhali 46.7 

5. Meherpur 33.9 Habiganj 45.8 

Bangladesh: 39.7% 

18


Map 2.4: Proportion of population below 18 years by district, 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

19


Map 2.5: Proportion of population below 18 years by upazila, 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

20


2.4 Population Under Five 

2.4.1 The population of children under five years 

reduced in the country from 13.0 to 10.5 per cent 

between the 2001 and 2011 Censuses. While the 

proportions of child population below five and 

below 18 have decreased between 2001 and 2011, 

the proportion of women of child bearing age (15- 

49 years) has however, marginally increased from 

51.0 per cent to 53.4 per cent during the same 

period. By districts, the highest and lowest with 

regard to proportion of children under five years 

varies from 14.4 per cent in Sunamganj to 8.3 per 

cent in Dhaka, presented in Table 2.3. 

Srl. 

Table 2.3: Proportion of children below 

5 years: Lowest and highest districts, 





1. Dhaka 8.3 Sunamganj 14.4 

2. 

Joypurhat, 

Rajshahi 

8.4 Brahmanbaria 13.7 

3. Khulna 8.5 

Cox’s Bazar, 

Habiganj 

13.3 

4. 

Meherpur, 

Satkhira 

8.6 Bandarban 13.2 

5. Naogaon 8.7 Kishoregonj 12.8 


2.5 Female Teenage Marriage 

2.5.1 The proportion of females aged 15-19 

years who are married declined by five percentage 

points in 10 years, from 37.5 per cent in 2001 to 

32.5 per cent in 2011. District-wise disparity in 

female teenage marriage population for 2001 is 

presented in Map 2.6. The 2011 data (Figure 2.2) 

shows the divisional prevalence of the female 

teenage married population in Bangladesh, which 

at district level varies from the highest at 53.7 per 

cent in Meherpur to the lowest of 13.5 per cent 

in Sylhet (Table 2.4). Nationally, almost one-third 

of the females in the country are married by their 

teens, a proportion that is one of the highest in 

the world. The female teenage married population 

significantly varied between different regions, 

from 42.8 per cent in Rajshahi Division to 15.9 per 

cent in Sylhet division (Figure 2.2). 

Table 2.4: Proportion of female teenage (15- 

19 years) married population: Low and high 

prevalence districts, Bangladesh 2011 

Low prevalence 

Srl. districts 

High prevalence districts 


1. Sylhet 13.5 Meherpur 53.7 

2. Maulvibazar 15.5 Chapai Nawabganj 48.0 

3. Sunamganj 16.4 Kurigram 47.8 

4. Chittagong 18.4 Chuadanga 46.7 

5. Habiganj 20.5 Bogra 46.4 


Female teenage married (%) 

Figure 2.2: Percentage of female teenage 

(15-19 years) married population by 

administrative divisions, Bangladesh 2011 

50.0 

40.0 

30.0 

20.0 

10.0 

0.0 

34.6 

Barisal 

25.2 

33.1 

Dhaka 

40. 8 42.8 

Khulna 

Rajshahi 

38.4 

Rangpur 

15.9 

Sylhet 

32.5 

2.5.2 The rates are higher in the western part 

of the country and lower in the eastern part, 

offering possible contexts to understand and deal 

with the social norms that underlie this practice, 

its variability and socioeconomic impact on girls 

and the economy. The district and upazila level 

variations (Maps 2.7 and 2.8) of teenage marriage 

depicted by the proportion of females married (at 

15-19 years) are presented to stimulate policy and 

Total 

21


Map 2.6: Proportion of female teenage (15-19 years) married 

population by district, Bangladesh 2001 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Source: Bangladesh Population and Housing Census, 2001 

22


programmatic debate and actions by individuals 

and institutions accountable for tackling this 

issue. Further analysis of the correlation between 

married female teenagers and levels of other 

social deprivation measures are presented and 

discussed later in Chapter eight. 

2.6 Female Headed Households 

2.6.1 The proportion of female headed 

households, which is an indicator of women’s 

changing roles in society, has increased from 13.8 

per cent in 2001 to 15.6 per cent in 2011, with very 

minimal difference between urban (14 per cent) 

and rural areas (16 per cent). Chittagong division, 

with 23.1 per cent female headed households 

has the highest and Khulna with 11.5 per cent 

has the lowest proportion of households headed 

by females (Figure 2.3). The spatial distribution is 

presented in Map 2.9. 

Female headed household (%) 

Figure 2.3: Percentage of female headed 

households by administrative divisions, 


25.0 

20.0 

15.0 

10.0 

5.0 

0.0 

16.2 

Barisal 

23. 1 

15.0 

Dhaka 

11.5 11.8 

Khulna 

Rajshahi 

13.0 

Rangpur 

17.8 

Sylhet 

15.6 

Total 

Table 2.5: Prevalence of female headed 

households (per cent): Lowest and highest 

districts, Bangladesh 2011 

Srl. 




1. Chuadanga 8.9 Feni 29.2 

2. Thakurgaon 9.6 Noakhali 27.5 

3. Rangamati 9.8 Lakshmipur 26.5 

4. Jhenaidah 9.9 Chandpur 25.2 

5. Panchagarh 10.0 Comilla 24.7 




23



population by district, Bangladesh 2011 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

24



population by upazila, Bangladesh 2011 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

25


Map 2.9: Proportion of female headed households by 

upazila, Bangladesh 2011 

Legend 

Lowest: 28.0% 

B A Y O F B 

E 

N 

G A 

L 

M Y A N M A R 

26

Literacy, School Attendance and Educational Attainment 

Chapter Three 

Literacy, School Attendance 

and Educational Attainment 

Photo : UNICEF /Khan 

27


Photo : UNICEF /Haque 

28



3.0.0 Education is the best means to build 

and harness human capital into reducing 

poverty, achieving sustainable economic 

growth and development. Many studies 

substantiate the positive links between an 

improved level of education and higher 

10, 11 

level of growth and development. 

Along with life expectancy and gross domestic 

product (GDP) indices, the education index is a 

key component of the UNDP human development 

index (HDI) 2012 report 12 . Bangladesh has made 

remarkable progress in education, but national 

values hide disparities. The analysis of the 

census data from the life cycle intergenerational 

attainments in education unearths patterns of 

achievements and pockets of deprivations for 

policy and programme action in this crucial sector. 

3.0.1 Belfield (2008) and Samuelsson and Kaga 

(2008) demonstrate that childhood education leads 

to sound intellectual, psychological, emotional, 

social and physical foundation for children to 

become more productive citizens in adulthood 13 . 

Broad-based primary, secondary and adult 

education is likely to give developing economies 

10 

J. Benhabib and M.M. Spiegel, “The Role of Human Capital 

in Economic Development: Evidence from Aggregate Crosscountry 

Data”, Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 34, No. 2, 

1994, pp. 143-173. 

11 

T.A. Islam, M.A. Wadud, and Q.T. Islam, “Relationship 

between Education and GDP Growth: A Mutivariate Causality 

Analysis for Bangladesh.” Economics Bulletin, Vol. 3, No. 35, 

2007, pp. 1-7. 

12 

UNDP 2012 Human Development Report: http://hdrstats. 

undp.org/en/countries/profiles/BGD.html 

13 

C.R. Belfield, The Economic Benefits of Investments in Early 

Education for Hawai’i, Queens College, City University of New 

York, New York, 2008; and I.P. Samuelsson and Y. Kaga, “Introduction”, 

in I.P. Samuelsson and Y. Kaga (eds.), The Contribution 

of Early Childhood Education to a Sustainable Society, 

UNESCO, Paris, 2008. 

the human capital boost necessary to bring large 

segments of the population out of poverty, and 

stimulate growth. 

3.0.2 During the last two decades, Bangladesh 

has made significant progress in primary education 

for both boys and girls in respect of increasing 

the enrollment, reducing the dropout, and 

closing the gender parity gap. The challenges, 

however, remain around completion of primary 

education, quality of education and adult 

literacy levels. 

3.0.3 This chapter presents the spatial status 

of educational attainment of Bangladesh and its 

growth over the last 10 years from 2001 to 2011, 

derived from the Census data. The educational 

outcome indicators analyzed include: 

a) Youth literacy rate (15-24 years) 

b) Adult literacy rate (15 years and above) 

c) School attendance rate at age five 

d) School attendance rate at primary (6-10 

years) 

e) Net attendance rate at primary (6-10 years) 

f) Proportion of out of school children (6-10 

years) 

g) School attendance rate at secondary (11-15 

years) 

h) Net attendance rate at secondary (11-15 

years) 

i) Proportion of out of school children (11-15 

years) 

j) Youth (15-24 years) versus adult (40-49 years) 

literacy rates 

As the censuses did not collect information on 

quality of education, this aspect of educational 

achievement has not been studied. 

29


3.1 Female Education 

3.1.1 Bangladesh has made significant progress 

in female education over generations, when 

women aged 40-49 years are compared to women 

aged 15-24 years. Two-thirds of women aged 40- 

49 years have very little or no education, against 

only one-fourth of young females (15-24 years) 

with similar low levels of educational attainment 

(Figure 3.1). 

% of female 

Figure 3.1: Educational attainment of female 

aged 15-24 years and 40-49 years (%), 


70.0 

60.0 

50.0 

40.0 

30.0 

20.0 

10.0 

0.0 

24.5 

68.7 

Never to 

school & 

primary 

incomplete 

age 15-24 years 

25.6 

16.3 

Primary 

completed 

Level of 

28.6 

Secondary 

incomplete 

on 

7.9 

age 40-49 years 

21.3 

7.1 

Secondary 

completed & 

more 

This shows a positive inter-generational change 

in attitude and practice towards education. A 

similar pattern is shown when the proportion 

of young (15-24 years) versus adult females (40- 

49 years) who complete secondary or higher 

educational levels are compared and contrasted 

with 21.3 per cent of younger females attaining 

higher education compared to only 7.1 per cent 

of adult women. This confirms the significant 

improvement in female education in the country 

over the last couple of decades, a remarkable 

achievement by Government and stakeholders 

who have sustained commitment to the sector. 

3.2 Adult Literacy 

3.2.1 The adult literacy (15 years and above) rate 

in Bangladesh has increased to 53 per cent in 2011 

from 47.3 per cent in 2001 (Table 1.2 in chapter 

one). The rate of change in adult literacy is low 

with an increase of only 5.7 percentage points in 

a decade, signifying a lost opportunity to harness 

adult literacy into growth and development. There 

are, however, sub-national variations in the adult 

literacy rates (Figure 3.2), with Barisal division 

having the highest proportion of adult literates 

(58.5 per cent) and Rangpur division with the 

lowest proportions (46.1 per cent). Adult literacy 

rates by districts are presented in Maps 3.1 and 

3.2 for 2001 and 2011, respectively. The adult 

literacy rate is still lower for females (49.2 per 

cent) than males (56.8 per cent). The variations 

in adult literacy rates at district and upazila (subdistrict) 

levels are presented in Maps 3.3 and 3.4 

respectively. 

Figure 3.2: Adult (15 years and above) literacy rate by administrative divisions, 


Total Rural Urban 

Literacy rate (15 years and 

above) (%) 

80.0 

70.0 

60.0 

50.0 

40.0 

30.0 

20.0 

10.0 

0.0 

73.2 

72.1 

67.8 

68.8 

69.5 

65.3 

63.8 

58.5 

63.9 

55.4 55.9 55.7 51.7 46.8 53.6 50.1 53.0 

47.8 47.5 

43.8 46.1 43.2 46.6 43.2 

Barisal Chiagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet Total 

30


Map 3.1: Adult (15 years and above) literacy rate by 

district, Bangladesh 2001 

Legend 

Panchagarh 

NilphamariLalmonirhat 

Thakurgaon 

Kurigram 

Dinajpur Rangpur 

Best: >62.0% 

Higher than average: 54.1-62.0% 

Average: 46.1-54.0% 

Lower than average: 38.0-46.0% 

Worst:


Map 3.2: Adult (15 years and above) literacy rate by 


Legend 

Panchagarh 


Thakurgaon 

Kurigram 


Best : >62.0% 

Higher than average : 54.1-62.0% 

Average : 46.1-54.0% 

Lower than average : 38.0-46.0% 

Worst :


Map 3.3: Female adult (15 years and above) literacy rate by 


Legend 

Panchagarh 


Thakurgaon 

Kurigram 


Best: >61.0% 


Average: 41.1-51.0% 


Worst:


Map 3.4: Female adult (15 years and above) literacy rate by 


Legend 

Best: >61.0% 


Average: 41.1-51.0% 


Worst:


Female adult literacy levels are higher in Khulna, 

Barisal, and Chittagong than in Rajshahi, Rangpur, 

Sylhet, and Chittagong divisions. Dhaka division 

combines a mix of the best and worst performance 

in female adult literacy (see chapter six). Table 3.1 

lists the five best and five worst districts in female 

adult literacy levels, compared to the national 

average. 

Table 3.1: Female adult (15 years and 

above) literacy rate: Best and worst districts, 


Srl. 

Best districts 

Worst districts 


1. Dhaka 69.2 Bandarban 29.3 

2. Jhalokati 66.8 Sunamganj 32.4 

3. Pirojpur 65.9 Jamalpur 32.6 

4. Barisal 61.7 Sherpur 32.6 

5. Feni 60.8 Netrakona 35.5 


3.3 Youth Literacy 

3.3.1 Youth literacy (15-24 years) rate in 

Bangladesh has increased to 75.4 per cent in 

2011 from 63.6 per cent in 2001, a 12 percentage 

point increase over the past decade. Like 

the adult literacy rate, there are significant 

variations in youth literacy rate between regions 

of the country. As presented in Map 3.6, the 

rates in Khulna, Barisal and parts of Dhaka and 

Chittagong divisions represent better levels 

of youth literacy, compared to other upazilas 

(sub-districts) in the northern, north-eastern 

and south-eastern parts of the country such as 

Rangpur, Rajshahi, and Sylhet divisions. Data 

show similarities in the patterns of adult and 

youth literacy rates in some parts of the country 

(Maps 3.2 and 3.5). Table 3.2 gives the list of best 

and worst districts in terms of youth literacy 

rates in the country. 


35


Map 3.5: Youth (15-24 years) literacy rate by district, 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

36


Map 3.6: Youth (15-24 years) literacy rate by upazila, 


Legend 

Best: >82.0% 


Average: 64.1-75.0% 


Worst:


Table 3.2: Youth literacy rate (15-24 years): 

Best and worst districts, Bangladesh 2011 

Srl. 




1. Jhalokati 88.4 Bandarban 52.5 

2. Pirojpur 85.7 Sunamganj 54.2 

3. Jessore 84.3 Netrakona 59.3 

4. Joypurhat 84.1 Cox’s Bazar 60.6 

5. Barisal, Khulna, Feni 83.6 Sherpur 61.4 


3.4 Progress in Literacy 

3.4.1 The difference between adult and youth 

literacy measured in the same census is another 

indicator of generational progression in literacy. 

A significant overall progress in literacy is evident 

when the youth literacy rate is compared to the 

adult literacy rate (Map 3.7). However; there are 

substantial spatial differences in the progress of 

literacy across the country. Data at the upazila 

level shows that the progress in literacy is quite 

substantial (youth literacy is higher than the 

adult literacy by 24 percentage points or more), 

in 242 upazilas out of a total of 483 upazilas and 

the progress is moderate in 199 upazilas (Figure 

3.3). Spatially, the western part of the country 

demonstrates higher progress than the East 

in terms of literacy - see progress in literacy by 

upazila in Map 3.7. 

Figure 3.3: Progress in literacy (in terms 

of youth literacy being higher than adult 

literacy) rate by upazila, Bangladesh 2011 

% of upazila 

60.0 

50.0 

40.0 

30.0 

20.0 

10.0 

0.0 

50.1 

High progress: 

progress>24 

points 

41.2 

Moderate 

progress: progress 

18-24 points 

8.7 

Low progress: 

progress


Map 3.7: Progress (youth minus adult) in literacy rate by 


Legend 

Best: >24.0% 

Average: 18.0-24.0% 

Worst:


3.4.2 One of the most interesting findings of 

this Equity Atlas of Children and Women is 

the convergence in literacy rates. Dhaka is the 

frontrunner with adult literacy at 74 per cent 

followed by Jhalokati at 68 per cent. With youth 

literacy rate at 83 per cent, Dhaka’s progress can be 

seen as relatively limited while other districts, with 

lower base adult literacy rates have shown more 

improvement in literacy when Map 3.1 and 3.2 are 

compared. Dhaka is no longer a frontrunner but 

one of many districts which are at the same level 

of youth literacy, indicating convergence in literacy 

levels, and a sign of reducing inequality. 

3.4.3 The fastest progress in literacy occurred in 

Meherpur and Manikganj districts, where adult 

literacy lingers below the 50 per cent, but in both 

districts, youth literacy is higher by 30 percentage 

points between 2001 and 2011. 

3.4.4 If progress in literacy is compared with 

deprivation Maps, the most deprived districts have the 

worst progress in literacy, confirming that progress in 

literacy has a strong correlation with multiple social 

deprivations. A key revelation from the equity Maps 

is that from equity perspective, progress does not 

happen where it is mostly needed, yet these trends 

represent a wake up call for institutions mandated to 

address the pockets of socioeconomic inequalities 

affecting children and women. 

3.5 Progress in Girl’s Education 

3.5.1 When youth and adult literacy between male 

and female is compared, the gap between adult 

male literacy and adult female literacy is about seven 

percentage points, much narrower when youth 

literacy levels are matched. Female youth literacy 

rate is more than their male counterpart by a little 

less than three percentage points (Figure 3.4). This 

goes to show two important trends – one that the 

gender gap is closing towards gender parity, and 

secondly, there is a trend reversal with female youth 

literacy levels surpassing that of males. 

Literacy rate (%) 

Figure 3.4: Comparison of youth (15-24 

years) versus adult (15 years and above) 

literacy rates, Bangladesh 2011 

80.0 

70.0 

60.0 

50.0 

40.0 

30.0 

20.0 

10.0 

0.0 

74.0 

Male 

Youth literacy 

56.0 

76.6 

Female 

Adult 

literacy 

49.2 

75.4 

Total 

5 53.0 

3.5.2 Despite overall improvement in girls’ education, 

disparity remains among administrative divisions 

(Figure 3.5). Khulna division has the highest female 

youth literacy (82.3 per cent), closely followed by 

Barisal (80.5 per cent), with Sylhet (68.9 per cent) 

and Rangpur (72.7 per cent) having lower literacy 

levels. Significant gender differences are observed in 

the literacy rates at the upazila level in the country 

(Figure 3.6 and Map 3.8). In about 57 per cent of 

upazilas (275), the female youth literacy rates are 

more than three percentage points higher than that 

of the male but in 12 per cent of the upazilas (58) the 

rates are in favour of males. 


Figure 3.5: Female youth (15-24 years) 

literacy rate by administrative divisions, 


90.0 

80.0 

70.0 

60.0 

50.0 

40.0 

30.0 

20.0 

10.0 

0.0 

80.5 77.9 76.7 

Barisal 

Chiagong 

Dhaka 

82.3 

khulna 

74.8 72.7 

Rajshahi 

Rangpur 

68.9 

Sylhet 

76.6 

Total 

40


Figure 3.6: Gender differences in youth literacy rates: 

proportion of upazilas, Bangladesh 2011 

56.9 

60.0 

% of upazila 

50.0 

40.0 

30.0 

20.0 

10.0 


85.0 

80.0 

75.0 

70.0 

65.0 

80.5 

77. 9 

12.0 

Barisal 

76.7 

Dhaka 

82.3 

Khulna 

74.8 

Rajshahi 

72.7 

Rangpur 

68.9 

Sylhet 

76.6 

Total 

31.1 

0.0 

Higher for boys 

Higher for girls 

Similar 

Youth literacy rate 


41


Map 3.8: Gender difference in youth literacy by upazila, 


Legend 

Higher for boys 

Higher for girls 

Similar 

B A Y O F B 

E 

N 

G A 

L 

M Y A N M A R 

42


3.5.3 The literacy rates for males and females 

show that female literacy is only higher up 

to the age group 20-24 years, implying that 

improvement of literacy levels among females is 

a recent achievement. Comparing the differences 

between female and male literacy rates for three 

generations (Figure 3.7) shows an almost two-fold 

increase in the female literacy rate every 20 years. 

Figure 3.7: Literacy rates of three generations 

(three age groups) by gender, Bangladesh 

2011 


82.0 

90.0 

80.0 

70.0 

60.0 

50.0 

40.0 

30.0 

20.0 

10.0 

0.0 

Female 

15-19 

75.6 

Male 

38.1 

Female 

49.6 

Male 

35-39 

Age group (years) 

3.6 School Attendance at Five 

21.4 

Female 

55-59 

46.1 

Male 

3.6.1 As reported above, the younger generations 

of Bangladeshis, both males and more so females, 

are getting educated faster compared to the older 

generation but they are not starting early enough. 

School attendance rate of children aged five years 

is fairly low in Bangladesh. Only about two (21.6 

per cent) out of 10 children attend pre-school at 

the age of five years in the country. Although the 

rate does not vary much between boys and girls, it 

varies across divisions and upazilas. While Dhaka 

division has the relatively highest pre-school 

attendance of just 24.2 per cent, Rangpur has the 

lowest of 15.3 per cent (Figure 3.8). Upazila-wise 

pre-school attendance is presented in Map 3.9. 

This low rate of pre-school attendance at five years 

of age has rightly prompted the Government to 

emphasize pre-primary education in the current 

Third Primary Education Development Programme 

(PEDP III). 

School attendance at 5 yrs. (%) 

Figure 3.8: Pre-school attendance rate 

at five years by administrative divisions, 


25.0 

20.0 

15.0 

10.0 

5.0 

0.0 

22.8 

Barisal 

23.7 24.2 

Chiagong 

Dhaka 

21.3 

khulna 

19.1 

Rajshahi 

15.3 

Rangpur 

17.7 

Sylhet 

21.6 

Total 


43


Map 3.9: School attendance rate at age 5 by upazila, 


Legend 

Best: >32.0% 


Average: 20.1-26.0% 

Lower than average:14.0-20.0% 

Worst:


Table 3.3: School attendance rate at 

5 years of age: Highest and lowest districts, 


Srl. 




1. Dhaka 38.8 Kurigram 9.4 

2. Rangamati 34.1 Lalmonirhat 12.3 

3. Chittagong 33.7 Chuadanga 12.6 

4. Gazipur 30.6 Gaibandha 12.7 

5. Barguna 29.8 Panchagarh 12.8 


3.7 Out of School Children 

3.7.1 As observed from the analysis of the census 

data, out of school children (OOSC) aged 6-10 years 

is also fairly high in Bangladesh with Government 

applying social protection means such as the 

Primary Education Stipend Programme (PESP) to 

address opportunity costs to schooling. Over onefifth 

of the children aged 6-10 years (23.0 per cent) 

are out of school with little difference between 

boys and girls. However, the OOSC rates differ 

significantly among districts and upazilas (Maps 

3.10 and 3.11), revealing higher OOSC rates in 

remote upazilas as compared to those which are 

relatively accessible. 

3.7.2 The indicator on OOSC measures children 

aged 6-10 years who are ‘not in school’, but it does 

not mean that these children have ‘never been to 

school’ as some children enroll in school at higher 

ages. The age specific data clearly shows that 

the OOSC problem is concentrated in the group 

of children aged six years old. It is alarming to 

note that, even in the best upazilas 13 out of 100 

children are out of school. The worst upazila has as 

high as 45 of 100 children are out of school, a very 

alarming number that calls for appropriate policy 

review and actions to reverse this trend. The OOSC 

Map shows similar pattern with the deprivation 

Map with respect to the spatial concentration, 

with a correlation of 0.9 between the two. The 

association between out of school children and 

child labour is not that strong (correlation of 0.57), 

as child labour is more of an urban issue, fed by 

internal migrants seeking work opportunities. 


45


Map 3.10: Out of school children aged 6-10 years by 


Legend 

Panchagarh 

Nilphamari Lalmonirhat 

Thakurgaon 

Dinajpur 

Rangpur 

Kurigram 

Lowest: 28.0% 

Gaibandha 

Joypurhat 

Sherpur 

Naogaon 

Bogra 

Jamalpur 

Netrakona 

Sunamganj 

Sylhet 

Chapai Nawabganj 

Mymensingh 

Rajshahi 

Natore 

Sirajganj 

Tangail 

Kishoregonj 

Habiganj 

Maulvibazar 

Pabna 

Kushtia 

Meherpur 

Rajbari 

Chuadanga 

Jhenaidah 

Magura 

Manikganj 

Faridpur 

Gazipur 

Narsingdi 

Brahmanbaria 

Dhaka 

Narayanganj 

Munshiganj Zila 

Comilla 

Jessore 

Narail 

Shariatpur 

Madaripur 

Gopalganj 

Barisal 

Chandpur 

Lakshmipur 

Noakhali 

Feni 

Khagrachhari 

Rangamati 

Satkhira 

Khulna 

Pirojpur 

Bagerhat Jhalokati 

Bhola 

Patuakhali 

Chittagong 

Barguna 

B A Y O F B 

E 

N 

G A 

L 

Cox's Bazar 

Bandarban 

M Y A N M A R 

46


Map 3.11: Out of school children aged 6-10 years by 


Legend 

Lowest: 28.0% 

B A Y O F B 

E 

N 

G A 

L 

M Y A N M A R 

47


Table 3.4: Proportion of out of school 

children (6-10 years): Best and worst districts, 


Srl. 




1. Jhalokati 14.9 Bandarban 31.6 

2. Barguna 16.6 Sunamganj 30.1 

3. Pirojpur 16.8 Bhola 29.0 

4. Feni 17.2 Netrakona 28.9 

5. Jessore 17.6 Cox’s Bazar 28.5 


3.8 School Attendance at Secondary 

3.8.1 In 2011, net school attendance rate (NAR) 

and school attendance rate (AR) at secondary level 

were 54.3 and 76.0 per cent, respectively, in the 

country. The NARs of females and males are 59.3 

and 49.7 per cent, respectively, while NARs are 

80.2 and 72.2 per cent, respectively, significantly 

higher for females than males. This again reaffirms 

the fact of faster improvement in girls’ education 

compared to that of the boys’ in Bangladesh. 

3.8.2 Divisional level data shows that NAR of 

female at secondary level is highest in Khulna at 

67.9 per cent and lowest in Sylhet divisions at 46.7 

per cent (Figure 3.9). Spatially, NAR of female at 

secondary level is better in the western part of the 

country. District and upazila-wise distributions of 

NAR at secondary level are presented in Maps 3.12 

and 3.13. 

Figure 3.9: Female net attendance rate 

(NAR) at secondary school by administrative 

divisions, Bangladesh 2011 

70.0 

60.0 

50.0 

40.0 

30.0 

20.0 

10.0 

0.0 

64.1 

Barisal 

56.8 

67.9 64.5 

56.8 

Dhaka 

Khulna 

Rajshahi 

63.9 

Rangpur 

46.7 

Sylhet 

59.3 

Total 


48


Map 3.12: NAR at secondary school by district, 


Legend 

Panchagarh 


Thakurgaon 

Dinajpur 

Rangpur 

Kurigram 

Best: >63.0% 


Average: 45.1-54.0% 


Worst:


Map 3.13: NAR at secondary school by upazila, 


Legend 

Best: >63.0% 


Average: 45.1-54.0% 


Worst:


Table 3.5: Net attendance rate at secondary 

school: Best and worst districts, 


Figure 3.10: Educational attainment (in %) of 

married and unmarried young women (15-24 

years), Bangladesh 2011 

Srl. 




1. Jhalokati 69.6 Sunamganj 34.5 

2. Magura 66.4 Bandarban 36.8 

3. 

Joypurhat , 

Panchagarh 

64.8 Cox’s Bazar 37.2 

4. Pirojpur 64.7 Habiganj 41.1 

5. Satkhira 64.6 Bhola 44.9 


3.9 Marital Status versus Educational 

Attainment of Female 

% of female (15-24 yrs.) 

35.0 

30.0 

25.0 

20.0 

15.0 

10.0 

5.0 

0.0 

16.7 

29.5 

Never to 

school & 

primary 

incomplete 

Unmarried 

29.2 

20.0 

Primary 

completed 

Level of 

Married 

31.5 

26.7 

Secondary 

incomplete 

on 

31.8 

14.6 

Secondary 

completed & 

more 

3.9.1 The educational attainment levels vary 

significantly between married and un-married 

young women aged 15-24 years. Overall, 

unmarried young women achieve higher levels 

of education as compared to married young 

women (Figure 3.10). While about one in three 

unmarried young women are able to complete 

secondary and higher education, only one in 

seven married women are completing the same 

level of learning. This indicates the adverse 

consequence of marriage on educational 

outcome of young women in Bangladesh. There 

are extensive reports on the socioeconomic 

consequences of early marriage for girls and 

the economy, by UNICEF 14 , Save the Children 15 

and several others 16 , to stimulate change, yet it 

remains a slow changing social norm in many 

countries including Bangladesh. The value of 

promoting education as one of several means 

to delay age of marriage is demonstrated by this 

report (Figure 3.10). 

14 

UNICEF 2004, Early Marriage: A Harmful Traditional 

Practice – A Statistical Exploration. http://www.unicef.org/ 

publications/files/Early_Marriage_12.lo.pdf 

15 

http://www.savethechildren.org/site/c.8rKLIXMGIpI4E/ 

b.6150521/k.1450/Bangladesh.htm 

16 

ICRW, 2007, How to End Child Marriage: Action Strategies 

for Prevention and Protection. http://www.icrw.org/files/ 

publications/How-to-End-Child-Marriage-Action-Strategiesfor-Prevention-and-Protection-Brief.pdf 

Photo : UNICEF /Haque 

51



52

Child Worker and the Sectors of Employment 

Chapter Four 

Child Worker and the 

Sectors of Employment 


53



54



4.0.0 Children’s involvement in work adversely 

affects their rights to health, education, 

protection and participation as well as limits 

their opportunity to acquire the knowledge and 

skills needed for gainful future employment, 

often perpetuating the cycle of poverty. Pursuing 

gainful economic activity by children keeps them 

out of school and poses a big obstacle in the 

achievement of universal primary education goal 

(MDG-2) with equity for many countries, including 

Bangladesh. Given the huge negative impact of 

children’s involvement in work, Bangladesh has 

been striving to cope with the high proportions of 

working children and those who are out of school. 

The commitment to reduce children’s involvement 

in work and its socioeconomic consequences 

is fully in line with national aspirations and laws 

including the United Nations Convention on the 

Rights of the Child (UNCRC), the International 

Labour Organization (ILO) Convention No. 138 on 

the minimum age for admission to employment, 

1973 and Convention No. 182 on the Worst Forms 

of Child Labour, 1999 17 . 

4.0.1 From statistics by the Bangladesh Bureau 

of Statistics (BBS) such as the Report on National 

Child Labour Survey (2002-2003), the BBS/UNICEF 

Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (2006) and the 

ILO Baseline Survey on Child Domestic Labour in 

Bangladesh (2006) the prevalence of child labor is 

high and its consequences are enormous. 

4.0.2 In this chapter, the situation of children 

(10-14 years) who are out of school and involved 

in paid work has been examined nationally 

and spatially to pin down the locations where 

17 

http://www.un.org/en/globalissues/briefingpapers/childlabour/intlconvs.shtml 

the practice is most prevalent. As mentioned 

before, the term real child worker, in this Equity 

Atlas refers to children (10-14 years old) who are 

employed for the production of market and nonmarket 

goods 18 not for household use or unpaid 

household services and who are not in school. Two 

specific indicators: the proportion of real child 

worker (10-14 years old) and real child worker 

(10-14 years old) by sectors (agriculture, industry 

and service) have been taken into consideration 

in this chapter. 

4.1 The Real Child Worker 

4.1.1 The proportion of real child worker (10-14 

years old), who are out of school and employed 

in Bangladesh, was at 6 per cent in 2011, a drop 

of a little over 4 percentage points in the last 

decade when the proportion of child workers was 

10.5 per cent (2001).The proportion of workers is 

higher among the boys (9.1 per cent) than girls 

(2.6 per cent). 

4.1.2 By geographic regions, the prevalence of 

real child worker is higher in the urban areas (9.0 

per cent) than in the rural areas (5.1 per cent). 

The prevalence is not uniform throughout the 

country, with some geographical areas showing 

higher rates than others. By administrative 

divisions, Dhaka and Sylhet have higher 

proportions of real child worker at 8.0 per cent 

and 7.5 per cent respectively while Khulna has 

the lowest proportion (3.7 per cent) of children 

working (Figure 4.1). As shown in Maps 4.1 

and 4.2, significant differences also exist in the 

rates between different districts and upazilas. 

18 

Production of market goods and services involves those 

primarily intended for sale, and non-market goods primarily 

for own final consumption. 

55


It is evident from the Maps that areas in the 

neighbourhood of Dhaka city, parts of Sylhet 

division, and Chittagong Hill Tracts, have higher 

concentration of child workers than in other 

regions of the country, except for a few other 

upazilas (as depicted by dark colours in Map 4.2). 

The proportion of real child workers in Dhaka 

city, which is significantly higher than the rest 

of the country, has been discussed separately in 

Chapter six. Among the districts, Dhaka district 

has the highest (14.6 per cent) and Jhalokati the 

lowest proportion of child workers (2.2 per cent). 

Table 4.1: Proportion of real child worker 

(10-14 years): Best and worst districts, 


Photo : UNICEF/Khan 

Srl. 




1. Jhalokati 2.2 Dhaka 14.6 

2. 

Bagerhat, 

Chandpur 

3.0 Narayanganj 13.2 

3. Manikganj 3.1 Bandarban 11.8 

4. 

5. 

Barguna, 

Pirojpur 

Joypurhat, 

Satkhira 

3.2 

Cox’s Bazar, 

Sunamganj 

9.4 

3.3 Gazipur 8.9 

Bangladesh: 6.0 % 

Figure 4.1: Proportion of real child worker (10-14 years) by 

administrative divisions, Bangladesh 2011 

Real child worker (%) 

15.0 

12.0 

9.0 

6.0 

3.0 

0.0 

Total 

8.2 

7.4 

8.0 

5.3 

4.4 

2.2 

1.2 

11.0 

Male Female 

8.6 

6.5 

7.5 

4.8 

3.7 

5.0 

4.5 

0.7 1.0 

Barisal 

Dhaka 

Khulna 

Rajshahi 

Rangpur 

12. .6 

9.1 

7.5 

6.0 

2.0 

2.6 

1.2 

Sylhet 

Total 

56


Map 4.1: Proportion of real child worker (aged 10-14 

years) by district, Bangladesh 2011 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

57



years) by upazila, Bangladesh 2011 

Legend 

Lowest: 9.0% 

B A Y O F B 

E 

N 

G A 

L 

M Y A N M A R 

58


4.1.3 It is noteworthy that while about one in 

sixteen children (10-14 years old) are involved in 

work nationally, it is as high as one in six in Dhaka, 

more than three times the national average. Data 

show that more than two in five children (43.8 per 

cent) are involved in work in one of the wards of 

Dhaka City Corporation. In Dhaka city, the higher 

involvement of children in the workforce is mainly 

due to very high engagement of young girls in 

work. The comparison of estimates of working 

children shows that while nationally 6 per cent (9.0 

per cent boys and 2.0 per cent girls) children are 

working- in Dhaka the rate is 17.4 per cent (18.1 

per cent boys and 16.6 per cent girls). Disparities 

also exist by administrative units and for boys and 

girls. While the proportion of real child worker 

ranges from 1.7 per cent to 26.5 per cent, for boys 

it ranges from 3 to 30 per cent, and for girls it 

ranges from 0.1 per cent to 27 per cent, a factor of 

270 times differences indicating a high degree of 

disparity. 

4.1.4 However, there are only two upazilas in 

Bandarban where the proportion of girl child 

worker is higher than that of working boys. In 

Dhaka City Corporation, there are as many as 40 

wards where the proportion of girl child workers 

is higher than that of boy child. In 52 wards there 

are more male child workers and in 26 wards the 

difference is more than 10 per cent, the highest 

rate of male child worker is 60 per cent. 

4.1.5 Wards, where the proportion of girl child 

workers exceeds that of the boys are the locations 

that are clearly related to garment industries as 

well as opportunities for household or domestic 

work. In the wards where the proportion of 

boy child workers exceeds that of the girls, such 

locations related to other types of industry (e.g. 

small engineering in old town). 

4.1.6 Nationally the pattern of distribution of 

real child worker is similar to the configuration 

revealed in the pockets of deprivation (discussed 

in chapter seven), but is limited to only half of the 

upazilas. In the Northwest part of the country the 

proportion of child worker is low. Since children 

work for economic gains, it is largely an urban 

phenomenon, being more prevalent in cities like 

Dhaka and other urban areas, thus keeping the 

overall national correlation between deprivation 

and real child labour at a low level. 

4.1.7 In contrast to the involvement of one in 

sixteen children in real work at the national level, 

in three upazilas - Thanchi, Alikadam and Ramu - 

the proportion is one in five. As can be seen later, 

Alikadam is also one of the most deprived upazilas. 

4.2 Sectors of Employment 

4.2.1 Between different sectors of employment, 

almost equal proportion of child workers - twofifths 

each - are engaged in agriculture and the 

service sectors, the secondary sector of industry 

engaging one-fifth of the real child workers. In 

agriculture, proportion of working boys is much 

higher than that of the girl child workers (45 

per cent as against 15.6 per cent), whereas, the 

proportions of girl child workers are higher than 

that of the boy child workers in both industry and 

service sectors, being 29.1 per cent for girls and 

18.2 for boys in industry and 55.3 per cent for girls 

and 36.8 per cent for boys in the services sector. 

4.2.2 Finally, the situation of real child worker 

described in this chapter deserves special 

action by public, the private sector, civil society 

organizations, communities and families to ensure 

compliance with national and international labour 

standards and protect the socioeconomic rights of 

children. 

59


4.2.3 To effectively address the issues of child 

labour and real child worker, it is important to 

understand the structural issues that underpin 

this practice. According to UNICEF 19 , social norms 

and economic realities mean that child labour is 

widely accepted and very common in Bangladesh. 

Many families rely on the income generated by 

their children for survival, so child labour is often 

highly valued. Additionally, employers often prefer 

to employ children because they are cheaper and 

considered to be more compliant and obedient 

than adults. 

4.2.4 Taking advantage of its progress towards 

the MDGs 2 and 3 while focusing on equity 

requires that by 2021, the country’s middle 

income aspirations be gauged by reduction in the 

prevalence of the real child worker, compliance 

of services and industries to the provisions of 

ILO Conventions 138 and 182 as well as how the 

socioeconomic rights of children are guaranteed 

through effective coverage of education that 

leaves no room for out of school children, hence 

producing quality human capital for services and 

industry at home and abroad. 

19 

UNICEF Bangladesh, 2010. Child Labour in Bangladesh: 

http://www.unicef.org/bangladesh/Child_labour.pdf 


60

Housing, Access to Sanitary Toilet and Electricity 

Chapter Five 

Housing, Access to Sanitary 

Toilet and Electricity 

Photo : UNICEF/Noorani 

61



62



5.0.0 Decent housing is an important indicator 

of people’s standard of living conditions in any 

country or geographic area with a strong bearing 

on their health, feeling of safety and stable state 

of mind. Decent housing was recognized as part 

of the right to an adequate standard of living in 

the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights. 

It also goes a long way in providing safety and 

security to household members while protecting 

them from hazards, particularly children whose 

vulnerabilities increase without decent housing. 

5.0.1 Acknowledging the importance of decent 

accommodation, housing was incorporated in 

the constitution of Bangladesh as one of the 

five basic needs. Therefore, the Government 

is constitutionally responsible in securing the 

housing rights of its citizen, particularly for the 

disadvantaged and marginalized. Housing for the 

disadvantaged is not only an absolute necessity 

for survival but it also provides them with a 

productive asset. 

5.0.2 Access to a sanitary toilet is another 

important measure from the perspective of 

people’s health. Diarrhea, typhoid and other 

diseases are spread through unhygienic sanitary 

practices and an unhealthy environment. Keeping 

this in view, Goal 7 of the MDGs has set a target to 

reduce by half, the proportion of people without 

sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic 

sanitation. 

5.0.3 Electricity is necessary to encourage 

economic growth and human development. 

Universal access to electricity is one of the most 

important goals set by governments in the 

developing world. Sustainable provision of 

electricity can save a large amount of time and 

labour as well as promote better health and 

education of household members. 

5.0.4 In this chapter, the current status of these 

three indicators: access to housing, sanitary toilet 

and electricity, have been spatially uncovered 

through the 2011 Census data, and discussed as 

part of the Equity Atlas and pockets of deprivation 

confronting children and women in Bangladesh. 

As in other chapters, this section is again a call to 

action for all national and sub-national institutions 

– public, private and civil – to address the obvious 

geographical disparities in the socioeconomic 

development trajectory of Bangladesh to middle 

income status by 2021. 

5.1 Housing 

5.1.1 In the census questionnaire, the types of 

houses people live in have been categorized 

into four types: pucca, semi-pucca, kutcha and 

jhupri 20 . The district-wise information on housing 

conditions have been reported in Tables 5.1 and 5.2 

and the proportion of households living in kutcha 

and jhupri houses by administrative divisions and 

geographic area is presented in Figure 5.1. As can 

be seen, the proportion of households living in 

kutcha and jhupri houses stands at 69.1 per cent 

(66.2 per cent for kutcha and only 2.9 per cent 

for jhupri) in 2011 compared to 83.2 per cent in 

2001 (74.4 per cent kutcha and 8.8 per cent jhupri), 

20 

‘Pucca’ indicates the houses which are fully made up of 

bricks. ‘Semi-pucca’ indicates the houses where the floors and/ 

or the walls are made up of bricks, but the rest are made up of 

tin (metallic sheet) and/or other hard materials. 

‘ 

Kucha’ indicates the houses where floors are made up of soil, 

but the roofs and/or walls are made of ‘tin’ (metallic sheet). 

‘Jhupri’ indicates the houses where floors are made up of soil, 

and the roofs and walls are made up of straw/bamboo, etc. 

63


indicating that the housing condition has improved 

in Bangladesh over the last decade. Figure 5.1 

also illustrates variations in the status of housing 

between rural and urban in different administrative 

divisions. As expected, higher proportion of 

households lives in kutcha and jhupri houses in the 

rural areas than in urban areas. 

5.1.2 Among the administrative divisions, 

presence of kutcha and jhupri houses is more 

evident in Barisal (87.6 per cent) and Rangpur 

(82.3 per cent) divisions compared to Khulna 

(59 per cent) and Dhaka (62.2 per cent), where 

they are much low in use. Sub-district (upazila) 

distribution of households living in kutcha and 

Jhupri structures is presented in Map 5.1. Finally, 

Tables 5.1 and 5.2 give a snapshot of the five best 

and worst performing districts by proportion of 

households living in pucca and kutcha housing 

respectively. 

Figure 5.1: Proportion of households living in kutcha and jhupri houses by 

administrative divisions and rural and urban areas, Bangladesh 2011 

% of households 

100.0 

80.0 

60.0 

40.0 

20.0 


92.5 

87.6 

86.2 

82. 1 

78.9 

78.2 82.3 

78.8 

73.0 

71.6 

69. .7 69.1 

62.1 62.2 64.3 

64.4 

59.0 

55.1 

45.6 

40.0 

34.2 

35.2 36.1 

27.0 

0.0 


Barisal 

Dhaka 

Khulna 

Rajshahi 

Rangpur 

Sylhet 

Total 

64


Map 5.1: Proportion of households living in kutcha 

houses by upazila, Bangladesh 2011 

Legend 

Lowest: 83.0% 

B A Y O F B 

E 

N 

G A 

L 

M Y A N M A R 

65


Table 5.1: Proportion of households living 

in ‘pucca’ houses: Best and worst districts, 


Srl. 




1. Dhaka 45.6 Kurigram 0.9 

2. Chittagong 25.0 Netrakona, Sherpur 1.5 

3. Chuadanga 22.1 Lalmonirhat 1.6 

4. Sylhet 21.7 Bhola 1.7 

Barguna, Gaibandha, 

5. Narayanganj 20.7 

Jamalpur, Panchagarh 


2.0 

Table 5.2: Proportion of households living in 

‘kutcha 21 ’ houses: Best and worst districts, 


Srl. 




1. Dhaka 17.8 Barguna 93.2 

2. Gazipur 45.2 Kurigram 91.7 

3. Narayanganj 45.7 Patuakhali 91.6 

4. Meherpur 46.5 

Bandarban , 

Sherpur 

91.1 

5. Sylhet 47.0 Khagrachhari 90.8 


5.2 Access to Sanitary Toilet 

5.2.1 It is important to note that the definition 

of a sanitary toilet in this Atlas, based on the 

Census, refers to toilets that are with water seal 

and those without water seal. The definition did 

not consider if the toilets were shared or not with 

other households or other details on the toilet 

types as in the JMP protocol. Like the condition 

of housing, household access to a sanitary toilet 

has improved tremendously in the last 10 years 

with the proportion of households having access 

to sanitary toilet increasing from 38.9 per cent in 

2001 to 63.6 per cent in 2011. However, disparities 

in access between rural and urban areas and 

among the administrative divisions are evident, 

revealing the pockets of deprived populations 

21 

‘Kutcha’ includes ‘jhupri’ structures as well which constitute 

only 2.9 per cent of all structures for the country as a whole. 

where poverty reduction programmes and 

interventions should be directed. The proportion 

of households without access to sanitary toilet is 

significantly higher in rural areas (41.8 per cent) 

than in the urban areas (18.3 per cent). Among 

the administrative divisions, lack of access to a 

sanitary toilet is less among the households in 

Barisal (25.7 per cent), Dhaka (29.4 per cent) and 

Chittagong (29.7 per cent) divisions and much 

higher in Rajshahi (43.6 per cent), Sylhet (50.7 per 

cent) and Rangpur (56.1 per cent) divisions (Figure 

5.2). The pattern and trend of the distribution of 

households without access to sanitary toilets 

by districts are presented in Maps 5.2, and 5.3, 

comparing 2001 with 2011, and by upazilas in 

Map 5.4. At the extremes are the five best and 

worst districts without access to sanitary toilets 

(Table 5.3). 

Figure 5.2: Proportion of households without 

access to sanitary toilet by administrative 

divisions and rural and urban areas, 



58.8 

60.0 Total Rural Urban 

56.1 55. 7 

50.7 

47.0 

43.6 

37.4 

39.5 

41.8 

40.0 

33. 4 

36.5 

37.0 36.4 

27.3 29.7 29.4 

27.22 

25.7 

22.1 

23.4 

17.5 

118.3 

18.3 

20.0 

12.6 

0.0 

Barisal 

Dhaka 

Khulna hl 

Table 5.3: Proportion of households without 

access to sanitary toilet: Best and worst 

districts, Bangladesh 2011 

Srl. 


Rajshahi 

Rangpur 

Sylhet 

Total 




2. Jhalokati 13.3 Thakurgaon 72.3 

3. Gopalganj 14.6 Gaibandha 69.5 

4. Barisal 17.5 Sunamganj 67.3 

5. Shariatpur 18.0 Nilphamari 67.0 


66


Map 5.2: Proportion of households having no sanitary 

toilet by district, Bangladesh 2001 

Legend 

Panchagarh 


Thakurgaon 

Kurigram 


Lowest: 73.0% 

Gaibandha 

Joypurhat 

Sherpur 

Naogaon 


Bogra 

Jamalpur 

Netrakona 

Mymensingh 

Sunamganj 

Sylhet 

Rajshahi 

Natore 

Sirajganj 

Tangail 

Kishoregonj 

Habiganj 

Maulvibazar 

Pabna 

Meherpur 

Kushtia 

Manikganj 

Rajbari 

Chuadanga 

Jhenaidah 

Magura 

Faridpur 

Gazipur 

Narsingdi 

Brahmanbaria 

Dhaka 

Narayanganj 

Munshiganj 

Comilla 

Jessore 

Satkhira 

Shariatpur Chandpur 

Madaripur 

Narail 

Gopalganj 

Lakshmipur 

Barisal 

Noakhali 

Khulna 

Pirojpur 


Bhola 

Patuakhali 

Feni 

Khagrachhari 

Chittagong 

Rangamati 

Barguna 

B A Y O F B 

E 

N 

G A 

L 

Cox's Bazar 

Bandarban 

M Y A N M A R 

Source: Population and Housing Census, 2001 

67



toilet by district, Bangladesh 2011 

Legend 

Panchagarh 


Thakurgaon 

Dinajpur 

Rangpur 

Kurigram 

Lowest: 73.0% 

Gaibandha 

Joypurhat 

Sherpur 

Naogaon 

Bogra 

Jamalpur 

Netrakona 

Sunamganj 

Sylhet 


Mymensingh 

Rajshahi 

Natore 

Sirajganj 

Tangail 

Kishoregonj 

Habiganj 

Maulvibazar 

Pabna 

Kushtia 

Meherpur 

Rajbari 

Chuadanga 

Jhenaidah 

Magura 

Manikganj 

Faridpur 

Gazipur 

Narsingdi 

Brahmanbaria 

Dhaka 

Narayanganj 


Comilla 

Jessore 

Narail 

Shariatpur 

Madaripur 

Gopalganj 

Barisal 

Chandpur 

Lakshmipur 

Noakhali 

Feni 

Khagrachhari 

Rangamati 

Satkhira 

Khulna 

Pirojpur 


Bhola 

Patuakhali 

Chittagong 

Barguna 

B A Y O F B 

E 

N 

G A 

L 

Cox's Bazar 

Bandarban 

M Y A N M A R 

68



toilet by upazila, Bangladesh 2011 

Legend 

Lowest: 73.0% 

B A Y O F B 

E 

N 

G A 

L 

M Y A N M A R 

69


5.3 Access to Electricity 

5.3.1 Access to electricity in this Atlas, derived from 

the census, refers to having electricity connections 

in households. Data show that households’ access 

to electricity has increased by 24.7 percentage 

points in the last 10 years. In 2011, 56.1 per 

cent of households in the country had access 

to electricity connection while the proportion 

was only 31.4 per cent in 2001. Maps 5.5 and 5.6 

show the district-wise distribution of electricity 

connection in households between 2001 and 

2011 respectively. Clearly, access to electricity is 

far from being uniform throughout the country. 

The proportion of households without electricity 

connection in rural areas is much higher (52.8 per 

cent) than in urban areas (13.6 per cent). 

5.3.2 Among the administrative divisions, 

the proportion of households without access to 

electricity is higher in Rangpur (68.1 per cent) and 

Barisal (60.8 per cent) divisions than in Chittagong 

(36.3 per cent) and Dhaka (33 per cent) divisions 

(Figure 5.3). The district and upazila Maps 5.6 and 

5.7 illustrate the spatial distribution of households 

having no electricity connection. The Maps show that 

households in the Northern, North-Central, Southern 

and South-Eastern regions of the country have lesser 

access to electricity compared to the other regions of 

the country. Table 5.4 shows the five best and worst 

performing districts without access to electricity. 


Figure 5.3: Percentage of households having 

no electricity connection by administrative 

divisions and rural and urban areas, 2011 

80.0 

Total Rural Urban 73.0 

67.5 

68.1 

70.0 60.8 

60.0 

54.2 

56.2 

50.3 

50.0 

43.6 45.4 

48.6 

50.0 

52.8 

44. 5 

43.9 

40.0 

36.3 33.0 

33.6 

25.3 

30.0 

21.3 

17.8 

20.0 

14.2 

6.8 

10.0 

15.7 

13.6 

0.0 

Barisal 

Dhaka 

Khulna 

Table 5.4: Proportion of households without 

electricity connection: Best and worst districts, 


Srl. Best districts Worst districts 

Rajshahi 

Rangpur 

Sylhet 

Total 


1. Dhaka 3.0 Lalmonirhat 79.9 

2. Narayanganj 4.7 Kurigram 79.2 

3. Munshiganj 9.9 Bhola 74.1 

4. Gazipur 16.0 Panchagarh 73.0 

5. Chittagong 20.9 Bandarban 71.8 



70


Map 5.5: Proportion of households having no electricity 

connection by district, Bangladesh 2001 

Legend 

Panchagarh 


Thakurgaon 

Kurigram 


Lowest: 74.0% 

Gaibandha 

Joypurhat 

Sherpur 

Naogaon 


Bogra 

Jamalpur 

Netrakona 

Mymensingh 

Sunamganj 

Sylhet 

Rajshahi 

Natore 

Sirajganj 

Tangail 

Kishoregonj 

Habiganj 

Maulvibazar 

Pabna 

Meherpur 

Kushtia 

Manikganj 

Rajbari 

Chuadanga 

Jhenaidah 

Magura 

Faridpur 

Gazipur 

Narsingdi 

Brahmanbaria 

Dhaka 

Narayanganj 

Munshiganj 

Comilla 

Jessore 

Satkhira 


Madaripur 

Narail 

Gopalganj 

Feni 

Lakshmipur 

Barisal 

Noakhali 

Khulna 

Pirojpur 


Bhola 

Patuakhali 

Khagrachhari 

Chittagong 

Rangamati 

Barguna 

B A Y O F B 

E 

N 

G A 

L 

Cox's Bazar 

Bandarban 

M Y A N M A R 

Source: Population and Housing Census, 2001 

71



connection by district, Bangladesh 2011 

Legend 

Panchagarh 


Thakurgaon 

Dinajpur 

Rangpur 

Kurigram 

Lowest: 74.0% 

Gaibandha 

Joypurhat 

Sherpur 

Naogaon 

Bogra 

Jamalpur 

Netrakona 

Sunamganj 

Sylhet 


Mymensingh 

Rajshahi 

Natore 

Sirajganj 

Tangail 

Kishoregonj 

Habiganj 

Maulvibazar 

Pabna 

Kushtia 

Meherpur 

Rajbari 

Chuadanga 

Jhenaidah 

Magura 

Manikganj 

Faridpur 

Gazipur 

Narsingdi 

Brahmanbaria 

Dhaka 

Narayanganj 


Comilla 

Jessore 

Narail 

Shariatpur 

Madaripur 

Gopalganj 

Barisal 

Chandpur 

Lakshmipur 

Noakhali 

Feni 

Khagrachhari 

Rangamati 

Satkhira 

Khulna 

Pirojpur 


Bhola 

Patuakhali 

Chittagong 

Barguna 

B A Y O F B 

E 

N 

G A 

L 

Cox's Bazar 

Bandarban 

M Y A N M A R 

72



connection by upazila, Bangladesh 2011 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

73


5.4.1 In order to assess vulnerability and relative 

social deprivation status of households in different 

regions of the country, two additional indicators 

have been included which combine the indicators 

discussed before. The first is the combination of 

households without access to sanitary toilet and 

without electricity connection, and the second 

is households with access to both sanitary toilet 

and electricity. This combined household social 

deprivation measure shows that overall 43.3 per 

cent of households have access to both a sanitary 

toilet and electricity connection while 23.6 

per cent have access to neither sanitary toilets 

nor electricity. There are, however, significant 

variations between districts and upazilas with 

respect to access to these utilities (see Maps 5.8 to 

5.11). The relative status of districts with respect 

to these indicators is shown in Tables 5.5 and 5.6, 

depicting samples of best and worst performing 

districts only. 

Table 5.5: Proportion of households having 

access to both sanitary toilet and electricity 

connection: Best and worst districts, 




1. Dhaka 91.7 Gaibandha 14.3 

2. Narayanganj 76.3 Thakurgaon 14.9 

3. Munshiganj 76.2 Kurigram 15.2 

4. Gazipur 72.9 Lalmonirhat 15.4 

5. Chittagong 66.4 Bandarban 16.4 


Table 5.6: Proportion of households having 

no access to sanitary toilet and electricity 

connection: Best and worst districts, 





2. Narayanganj 2.9 Gaibandha 54.4 

3. Munshiganj 4.4 Thakurgaon 52.5 

4. Gazipur 7.5 Sunamganj 52.1 

5. Comilla 8.5 Khagrachhari 50.8 


5.4.2 The performance of Bangladesh in some 

of these indicators on utilities and household 

facilities in this chapter should be viewed from 

many perspectives. While successive Governments 

continue to prioritize infrastructural development 

plus social investments, social movements, UN 

Agencies, donors, civil society and communities have 

made meaningful contributions in promoting the use 

of toilets, and reduced open defecation remarkably. 

According to WHO/UNICEF JMP (2012 22 ), 56 per 

cent of the population of Bangladesh has access 

to improved sanitation facilities, with remarkable 

reduction in open defecation to four per cent– 

successes attributable to multiple partnerships, 

Government leadership and community ownership 

of social development, including children engaged 

in whistle blowing and other aspects of Community 

Led Total Sanitation (CLTS). This chapter of the Equity 

Atlas points the way forward to the pockets of 

persisting locations where further work is required 

in Bangladesh, to ensure equity in the pursuit of 

socioeconomic rights of children and women. 

22 

WHO/UNICEF 2012, Progress on Drinking Water and 

Sanitation: 2012 Update.http://www.unicef.org/media/files/ 

JMPreport2012.pdf 


74


Map 5.8: Proportion of households having no access 

to sanitary toilet and electricity connection by district, 


Legend 

Panchagarh 


Thakurgaon 

Kurigram 


Lowest: 46.0% 

Gaibandha 

Joypurhat 

Sherpur 

Naogaon 


Bogra 

Jamalpur 

Netrakona 

Mymensingh 

Sunamganj 

Sylhet 

Rajshahi 

Natore 

Sirajganj 

Tangail 

Kishoregonj 

Habiganj 

Maulvibazar 

Pabna 

Meherpur 

Kushtia 

Manikganj 

Rajbari 

Chuadanga 

Jhenaidah 

Magura 

Faridpur 

Gazipur 

Narsingdi 

Brahmanbaria 

Dhaka 

Narayanganj 

Munshiganj 

Comilla 

Jessore 

Satkhira 


Madaripur 

Narail 

Gopalganj 

Lakshmipur 

Barisal 

Noakhali 

Khulna 

Pirojpur 


Bhola 

Patuakhali 

Feni 

Khagrachhari 

Chittagong 

Rangamati 

Barguna 

B A Y O F B 

E 

N 

G A 

L 

Cox's Bazar 

Bandarban 

M Y A N M A R 

75


Map 5.9: Proportion of households having no access 

to sanitary toilet and electricity connection by upazila, 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

76


Map 5.10: Proportion of households having access to 

sanitary toilet and electricity connection by district, 


Legend 

Panchagarh 


Thakurgaon 

Kurigram 


Highest: >56.0% 


Average: 32.1-44.0% 


Lowest:


Map 5.11: Proportion of households having access to 

sanitary toilet and electricity by upazila, Bangladesh 2011 

Legend 

Highest: >56.0% 


Average: 32.1-44.0% 


Lowest:

Situation in Urban Areas: The Case of Dhaka City Corporation 

Chapter Six 

Situation in Urban Areas: The 

Case of Dhaka City Corporation 


79



80


Situation in Urban Areas: The Case of Dhaka City 

Corporation 

6.0.0 Urbanization is both a cause and 

consequence of economic growth. The world 

is increasingly becoming urban because 

urbanization is an irreversible and dynamic 

process interlinked with socioeconomic change. 

Bangladesh is experiencing one of the most rapid 

urbanization progressions in Asia, at a rate of 3.0 per 

cent per annum 23 , as more and more people flock 

to the city from rural areas, seeking opportunities, 

fleeing from socioeconomic and environmental 

vulnerabilities in the rural economy. 

6.0.1 In 1974, about one in every 10 persons 

lived in urban areas (8.8 per cent) 24 of the 

country. While in 2011, about one in every four 

persons (23.3 per cent) 25 are living in urban 

areas. As the country is one of the poorest 

and most densely populated countries in the 

world, the rapid urbanization in the country is 

causing tremendous pressure on its existing 

infrastructure and basic civic facilities. 

6.0.2 Dhaka city population has grown from 

two to over six million between 1974 and 

2011, with the area under the city corporation 

increasing from about 300 to over 1500 sq.km. 

during the same period 26, 27 . Like Lagos, Dhaka 

is one of the fastest growing cities in the world, 

at annual rate of 3.2 per cent, which translates 

23 

World Development Indicators, 2011, http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.GROW 

24 

Bangladesh Population and Housing Census, 2001 

25 


26 

Rapid Urban Growth and Poverty in Dhaka City; http:// 

www.bangladeshsociology.org/BEJS%205.1%20Rapid%20 

Urban%20Growth%20and%20Poverty%20final.pdf 

27 


to about 300,000 to 400,000 migrants each year, 

according to the World Bank (2007 28 ). 

6.0.3 Despite the global financial problems, 

Bangladesh continues to record impressive 

economic growth of about 6 per cent GDP in 

recent years (6.23 per cent in fiscal year 2011/2012 

according to the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics 29 ). 

The quality of growth and the social inclusiveness 

is a vital consideration in growing economies, 

such as Bangladesh which aspires to the middle 

income status by 2021. The social outcomes of 

economic growth on population most vulnerable 

to deprivation represents one dimension of 

gauging the quality of growth, and a call to action 

to end the pockets of poverty, while celebrating 

the areas of progress. 

6.0.4 In our estimation the highest population 

growth in Dhaka city is in the slums where 

according to UNICEF 30 , indicators of children’s 

socioeconomic rights are worse than in rural areas, 

challenging the so called trickledown effect of 

rapid economic growth. 

6.0.5 Hence, the 2011 Population and Housing 

Census presents a unique opportunity to understand 

the population dynamics during the last 

decade and to uncover the deprivation and 

disparities normally hidden in the national averages. 

28 

World Bank, Dhaka: Improving Living Conditions for the 

Urban Poor, Bangladesh Development Series, Paper No. 17, 

Dhaka, 2007. 

29 

Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, http://www.bbs.gov.bd/ 

WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/BBS/GDP_2012_13.pdf 

30 

UNICEF Bangladesh, 2010 Understanding Urban Inequality 

in Bangladesh: A prerequisite for achieving Vision 2021. 

http://www.unicef.org/bangladesh/Urban_paper_lowres.pdf 

81



6.0.6 In this chapter the situation of households 

and the population with respect to education, 

child worker, housing, access to electricity and 

sanitary toilets in Dhaka City Corporation (DCC) 

has been examined as an urban case. The data and 

findings have been presented for 92 wards of DCC 

covering both north and south. 

6.0.7 This sub-urban equity Maps on children and 

women’s socioeconomic rights outlines the pockets 

of deprivation accompanying infrastructural 

growth of the past decade and serves as evidence 

base for gauging progress towards more equitable 

socioeconomic development and inclusiveness of 

future economic growth. 

6.1 Population Distribution and Demographic 

Situation 

6.1.1 The indicators examined include, proportion 

of population below 18 years, proportion of 

population under-five, under-five sex ratio, 

proportion of women of child bearing age (15- 

49 years), proportion of female teenage (15-19 

years) married population, and proportion of 

female headed households (Annex Table 6.1). The 

proportion of the population below 18 years was 

30.9 per cent in Dhaka City Corporation; much lower 

than the national average of 39.7 per cent. By sex, 

the proportion was lower for males (28.6 per cent) 

than for females (33.8 per cent), with variations 

between DCC wards (Map 6.1), ranging from less 

than 27 per cent in some wards to over 36 per cent 

in other wards. The proportion of children under five 

years of age in DCC was 7.6 per cent which is lower 

than the country average of 10.5 per cent. Between 

boys and girls, proportion of children under five 

years of age is 6.9 per cent for boys and 8.4 per cent 

for girls in the DCC. Under-five sex ratio in DCC was 

104, close to the country value of 103. The relatively 

lower children population in DCC confirms recent 

findings by UNICEF 2012 31 that some migrant 

populations leave their children behind in their 

rural homesteads. According to Zillur Rahman 32 , a 

2009 study shows that as many as 84 per cent of 

Dhaka residents are migrants, a trend confirmed by 

BBS in the 2011 population census. 

31 

UNICEF Bangladesh 2012: Key Findings of the Baseline Survey 

on the Situation of Women and Children and the Social 

Sector Services available in UNICEF Assisted Urban and Semi- 

Urban Project Areas of Mirpur and Bhaluka of Bangladesh. 

Unpublished Report 

32 

Hossain Zillur Rahman et al, 2012 Bangladesh Urban Dynamics, 

PPRC 

82


Map 6.1: Proportion of population below 18 years by 

ward in DCC, Bangladesh 2011 

Legend 

Uttara 

Lowest: 36.0% 

Biman Bandar 

Pallabi 

Cantonment 

Badda 

Mirpur 

Kafrul 

Gulshan 

Mohammadpur 

Tejgaon 

Khilgaon 

Hazaribagh 

Dhanmondi 

Ramna 

Motijheel 

Sabujbagh 

Kamrangir Char Lalbag 

Kotwali 

Sutrapur 

Demra 

Shyampur 

83


Table 6.1: Proportion of population below 18 years: Highest and lowest wards, Dhaka City 

Corporation, Bangladesh 2011 

Srl. 

Highest wards 

Lowest wards 

Thana Ward No. % Thana Ward No. % 

1. Lalbagh 92 38.7 Shahbagh 57 15.4 

2. Lalbagh 91 37.8 Lalbagh, Shahbagh 56 19.9 

3. Kadamtali 88 36.1 New Market 52 22.4 

4. Lalbagh 60 36.0 Bangshal, Chak Bazar 67 23.0 

5. Jatrabari 85 35.6 Motijheel 32 24.2 

Dhaka City Corporation: 30.9% 

6.1.2 On female teenage (15-19 years) marriage, 

the proportion was also much lower in the DCC 

(23.3 per cent) compared to the country average 

(32.5 per cent). However, there were variations in 

the proportions between different wards of DCC 

as illustrated in Map 6.2. In DCC wards, female 

teenage marriage proportions ranged from 4.0 

per cent in Dhanmondi to 38 per cent in Lalbagh 

showing wide disparity (Table 6.2). 

Table 6.2: Proportion of female teenage 

(15-19 years) married population: Highest 

and lowest wards, Dhaka City Corporation, 


Highest wards 

Lowest wards 

Srl. 

Thana 

Ward 

No. 

% Thana 

Ward 

No. 

% 

1. Lalbagh 91 38.4 Dhanmondi 49 4.2 

2. Khilgaon 26 38.2 Ramna 53 5.1 


3. Lalbagh 92 37.6 Paltan 36 7.2 

4. 

Darus 

Salam 

9 36.0 Shahbagh 57 7.8 

5. Shyampur 90 34.5 New Market 52 8.9 


84


Map 6.2: Proportion of female teenage (15-19 years) 

married population by ward in DCC, Bangladesh 2011 

Uttara 

Legend 

Lowest: 31.0% 

Pallabi 

Biman Bandar 

Cantonment 

Badda 

Mirpur 

Kafrul 

Gulshan 

Mohammadpur 

Tejgaon 

Khilgaon 

HazaribaghDhanmondi 

Ramna 

Motijheel 

Sabujbagh 

Kamrangir CharLalbag 

Kotwali 

Sutrapur 

Demra 

Shyampur 

85


6.1.3 As in chapter two, it is also important to 

commend the situation of child sex ratio in the 

country compared to many Asian countries, where 

the ratio is distorted in favour of boys because of 

a preference for male child. The under-five sex 

ratio in Dhaka was found to be in a normal range, 

showing no signs of any biased selection at the 

time of the birth of a child. 

6.1.4 The proportion of population in child bearing 

age in the DCC was 63 per cent against 53.4 per 

cent in the country as a whole. Proportion of female 

headed households in the DCC was 11.8 per cent, 

lower than that of the country (15.6 per cent). 

6.2 Literacy, School Attendance and 

Educational Attainment 

6.2.1 Data on a number of educational indicators 

by wards of DCC are presented in Annex Table 6.2. 

Youth and adult literacy rates in the DCC were 83.5 

per cent and 80.8 per cent respectively (Tables 6.3 

and 6.4). The rates vary by sex, with female literacy 

lower (80.4 per cent for youth and 76.7 per cent 

for adult) than literary among the males (86.0 per 

cent for youth and 83.8 per cent for adult) in DCC. 

The differences in female adult literacy levels were 

substantial across the wards of DCC as shown in 

Map 6.3. Overall school attendance in DCC at five 

was 48.7 per cent which means that more than half 

of the children of five years of age do not attend 

school, although the rate was higher than that 

of the country which is 21.6 per cent. However, 

significant differences are observed between 

different wards, ranging from a low of 24.4 per 

cent in Ward No. 92 in Lalbagh thana to a high of 

69 per cent in Ward No. 53 of Ramna thana, with 

no significant difference between boys and girls in 

this respect. 

Table 6.3: Youth literacy rate (15-24 years): 

Best and worst wards, Dhaka City Corporation, 


Srl. Best wards Worst wards 

Thana 

Ward 

No. 

% Thana 

Ward 

No. 

26 

91 

1. Shahbagh 57 96.0 

Khilgaon, 

Lalbagh 

72.7 

2. Lalbagh 62 93.1 Kotwali 73 73.1 

3. Motijheel 33 92.8 Gulshan 19 74.4 

4. 

5. 

Mohammadpur 

44 92.6 

Bangshal, 

Chak Bazar 

% 

66 74.5 

Sher-E-Bangla 

40 91.7 Chak Bazar 65 74.6 

Nagar, Tejgaon 


Table 6.4: Adult literacy rate (15 years and 

above): Best and worst wards, Dhaka City 


Srl. Best wards Worst wards 

Thana 

Ward 

No. 

% Thana 

Ward 

No. 

1. Lalbagh 91 92.9 Shahbagh 57 56.3 

2. Lalbagh 92 90.9 Mohammadpur 44 57.7 

3. Khilgaon 26 89.3 Motijheel 33 61.5 

4. Shyampur 90 89.3 New Market 52 64.4 

5. Lalbagh 60 89.2 Lalbagh 62 64.6 


% 

Photo : Ibrahim aKhan Moni 



86


Map 6.3: Female adult (15 years and above) illiteracy 

rate by ward in DCC, Bangladesh 2011 

Legend 

Uttara 

Best: 40.0% 

Biman Bandar 

Pallabi 

Cantonment 

Badda 

Mirpur 

Kafrul 

Gulshan 

Mohammadpur 

Tejgaon 

Khilgaon 


Ramna 

Motijheel 

Sabujbagh 


Kotwali 

Sutrapur 

Demra 

Shyampur 

87


6.2.2 The proportion of out of school children 

aged 6-10 years was very high (21.7 per cent) in 

the DCC varying significantly by wards, from 11.4 

per cent in Ward no. 61 to 33.6 per cent in ward 

no. 92 (Table 6.5).This implies that, in some wards, 

as high as one in three children was not attending 

school. Ward-wise distribution shows that high 

proportion of children are out of school in some 

areas of Pallabi, Mirpur, Mohammadpur, Gulshan 

and in the old town (Map 6.4). 

Table 6.5: Proportion of out of school children 

(6-10 years): Best and worst wards, Dhaka City 


Best wards 

Worst wards 

Srl. 

Ward 

Ward 

Thana 

% Thana 

No 

No 

% 


2. 

Bangshal, 

Chak Bazar 

67 11.7 Khilgaon 26 33.0 

3. Gendaria 82 12.3 

Tejgaon Ind. 

Area 

37 33.0 

4. Kotwali 72 12.5 Adabor 43 31.3 

5. 

Bangshal, 

Kotwali 

68 12.7 Lalbagh 91 30.7 


6.2.3 Net attendance rate (NAR) at secondary 

level for children aged 11-15 years in the DCC was 

found to be 46.5 per cent, much lower than the 

national average of 54.3 per cent, again confirming 

the urban face of deprivation in schooling. If 

disaggregated by sex, the net attendance rate of 

secondary schooling in the city was 51.7 for boys 

and 41.8 for girls. It is important to note that while 

the NAR for girls (59.3 per cent) at secondary was 

substantially higher than that for the boys (49.7 

per cent) in the country, the opposite is the case in 

the DCC. Significant differences are also observed 

between different wards, as shown in Map 6.5. 

Table 6.6: Net attendance rate (NAR) at 

secondary level: Best and worst wards, Dhaka 

City Corporation, Bangladesh 2011 

Srl. 

Thana 

Best wards 

Ward 

No. 

% Thana 

Worst wards 

Ward 

No. 

1. Motijheel 33 66.6 Lalbagh 92 29.7 

2. Kotwali 72 59.7 Bangshal, 

Kotwali 

% 

71 31.1 

3. Lalbagh 62 59.6 Khilgaon 26 32.0 


5. Sabujbagh 27 57.2 Bangshal 70 35.0 



88


Map 6.4: Out of school children aged 6-10 years by ward 

in DCC, Bangladesh 2011 

Uttara 

Legend 

Lowest: 31.0% 

Biman Bandar 

Pallabi 

Cantonment 

Badda 

Mirpur 

Kafrul 

Gulshan 

Mohammadpur 

Tejgaon 

Khilgaon 


Ramna 

Motijheel 

Sabujbagh 


Kotwali 

Sutrapur 

Demra 

Shyampur 

89


Map 6.5: NAR at Secondary school by ward in DCC, 


Legend 

Uttara 

Best: >56.0% 


Average: 42.1-49.0% 


Lowest:


6.3 Female Teenage (15-19 years) Marriage 

6.3.1 As observed earlier in chapter two, the 

prevalence of female teenage marriage is inversely 

related to the levels of female educational 

outcome, an observation that is equally true in the 

DCC (Figure 6.1). Women had better educational 

outcomes if marriage is delayed till after the female 

teenage years. Female teenage marriage showed 

less significant differences among the wards in the 

DCC. As observed in chapter two, female education 

has improved in the DCC over generations (Figure 

6.2). Young females have relatively higher level of 

education than older generations. 

Figure 6.1: Educational attainment by married 

and unmarried young women (15-24 years) (%) 

in Dhaka City Corporation , Bangladesh 2011 

% of female (15-24 yrs.) 

50.0 

40.0 

30.0 

20.0 

10.0 

0.0 

17.4 19. 3 

Never to 

school & 

primary 

incompletee 

Unmarried 

22.6 

16.5 

Primary 

completed 

Married 

22.9 

19.2 

Secondary 

incomplete 

46.9 

35.3 

Secondary 

completed 

& more 

can identify the precincts where this deprivation 

occurs and take action to tackle the problem. 

The overall proportion of real child workers (10- 

14 years old) in DCC was fairly higher (17.4 per 

cent) than the national level (6 per cent) reported 

earlier in chapter four. Similar higher rates of real 

child workers can be seen for boys (18.1 per cent) 

and girls (16.6 per cent) in the DCC area (Figure 

6.3). However, wide variations were noted, in the 

proportion of real child workers, between different 

wards of the DCC, ranging from 8.3 per cent in 

Ward 61 of Lalbagh Thana to 43.8 per cent in Ward 

71 of Bangshal and Kotwali thanas (Table 6.7). As 

presented in Figure 6.4, over 16 per cent of wards 

have a high proportion (more than 23 per cent ) of 

real child workers, 52 per cent had medium (15-23 

per cent ) and 5.4 per cent had the highest (over 30 

per cent) prevalence of real child workers. The Map 

also shows that child workers were concentrated 

mainly in the old city and also in some parts 

of Gulshan, Dhanmondi, Tejgaon, Ramna and 

Motijheel areas. Ward-wise distribution of real 

child workers in the DCC is presented in Map 6.6. 

Figure 6.3: Proportion of real child workers 

among boys and girls in Dhaka City 


Figure 6.2: Educational attainment of female 

aged 15-24 and 40-49 years (%) in Dhaka City 


% of female 

60.0 

40.0 

20.0 

female aged 15-24 years 

18.5 

36.2 

19.3 

15.8 

female aged 40-49 years 

20.6 

12.7 

41. 7 

35.3 

% of real child worker 

20.0 

15.0 

10.0 

5.0 

0.0 

18.1 

16.6 

17.4 

Boys Girls Total 

0.0 

Never to 

school & 

primary 

incompletee 

Primary 

completed 

Level of 

Secondary 

incomplete 

on 

Secondary 

completed & 

more 

Figure 6.4: The extent of real child workers 

in Dhaka City Corporation by proportion of 

wards, Bangladesh 2011 

6.4 Real Child Worker and the Areas of 

Employment 

6.4.1 In chapter four, the situation of the child 

worker in Bangladesh has been extensively 

discussed. However, the situation of child workers 

in Dhaka City Corporation reveals interesting 

results at the ward level, so that policy makers 

% of wards 

60.0 

50.0 

40.0 

30.0 

20.0 

10.0 

0.0 

52.2 

31.5 

10.9 

5.4 

Low: 30 

Percentage of real child worker 

91


Table 6.7: Proportion of real child worker: Best 

and worst wards, Dhaka City Corporation, 


Srl. 

Thana 

Best wards 

Ward 

No. 

% Thana 

Worst wards 

Ward 

No. 

1. Lalbagh 61 8.3 

Bangshal, 

Kotwali 

71 43.8 

2. Motijheel 33 9.0 Dhanmondi 49 37.0 

3. 

Lalbagh, 

Jatrabari 

62, 

85 

% 

9.9 Bangshal 70 36.2 

4. Sabujbagh 27 10.0 

Bangshal, 

Chak Bazar 

66 32.4 

5. Khilgaon 25 10.1 Paltan 36 30.8 


6.4.2 It is observed that the proportion of child 

workers varied substantially between the male 

and female as well as wards. Map 6.7 presents the 

differences in male and female real child workers 

by DCC wards. The Map shows that in some areas 

of Pallabi, Mirpur, Cantonment, Kafrul, Gulshan, 

Tejgaon and Dhanmondi, the proportion of female 

child workers was more than three percentage 

points higher than the males. In areas of the old 

city and Hazaribagh and also some parts of Mirpur, 

the case was just the reverse - with more male 

child workers than girls (Tables 6.8 and 6.9). The 

differences in male and female real child workers 

by wards are presented in Map 6.7. 

Srl. 

Table 6.8: Proportion of real child workers 

(boys): Best and worst wards, Dhaka City 


Thana 

Best wards 

Ward 

No. 

1. Motijheel 33 5.7 

2. 

Mohammadpur 

Lalbagh 

44 

62 

3. Sabujbagh 27 9.4 

% Thana 

Bangshal, 

Kotwali 

Worst wards 

Ward 

No. 

% 

71 59.1 

8.5 Bangshal 70 49.1 

Bangshal, 

Chak Bazar 

66 44.2 

4. Khilgaon 25 9.5 Motijheel 32 38.3 

5. 

Srl. 

1. 

Sher-E-Bangla 


40 10.3 

Kotwali, 

Bangshal 


73, 

69 

Table 6.9: Proportion of real child worker 

(girls): Best and worst wards, Dhaka City 


Thana 

Gendaria, 

Sutrapur 

Best wards 

Ward 

No. 

% Thana 

Worst wards 

Ward 

No. 

37.6 

80 4.9 Dhanmondi 49 48.1 

2. Kotwali 72 5.1 Paltan 36 35.9 

3. Jatrabari 85 5.2 Ramna 53 32.0 

4. Hazaribagh 58 5.8 Gulshan 19 30.2 

Biman Bandar, 

5. Kadamtali 89 5.9 

Uttara 


% 

01 27.7 



92



years) by ward in DCC, Bangladesh 2011 

Legend 

Lowest: 30.0% 

Uttara 

Biman Bandar 

Pallabi 

Cantonment 

Badda 

Mirpur 

Kafrul 

Gulshan 

Mohammadpur 

Tejgaon 

Khilgaon 

Hazaribagh 

Dhanmondi 

Ramna 

Motijheel 

Sabujbagh 

Kamrangir Char 

Lalbag 

Kotwali 

Sutrapur 

Demra 

Shyampur 

93


Map 6.7: Difference between boys and girls real child 

worker by ward in DCC, Bangladesh 2011 

Legend 

Boys higher than girls 

Girls higher than boys 

Similar 

Uttara 

Pallabi 

Biman Bandar 

Cantonment 

Badda 

Mirpur 

Kafrul 

Gulshan 

Mohammadpur 

Tejgaon 

Khilgaon 


Ramna 

Motijheel 

Sabujbagh 


Kotwali 

Sutrapur 

Demra 

Shyampur 

94


6.4.3 While there was no census information on 

the place of employment, it is crucial to address 

the question about where these large number 

of child workers are employed and in what 

contractual, legal and social working conditions? 

Predominantly, child workers are engaged in 

the service sector (75 per cent), followed by 

the industrial sector (25 per cent), since the 

agricultural sector is less prominent in the city 

areas. As noted in chapter four, it is pertinent to 

probe the vulnerabilities that these real child 

workers contend with and Map out concrete 

actions to guarantee their rights to thrive, be safe 

from abuse and exploitation as enshrined in the 

national laws and legal obligations. 

6.5 Housing, Access to Sanitary Toilet and 

Electricity 

6.5.1 Information on housing conditions, access 

to sanitary toilet and households with electricity 

connections in DCC is presented in Annex Table 

6.5 by wards. Expectedly, data show that the 

proportion of households with access to sanitary 

toilet (irrespective of whether single or shared) 

and electricity connection was significantly high 

in DCC, in line with the developed city situation. 

However, there were over 5 per cent of households 

who did not have proper access to a sanitary toilet, 

and 1.4 per cent of the households reported having 

no electricity connection. It is important not to 

misconstrue this physical access to enjoyment of 

utility services which are sometimes hijacked by 

the exploitative tenancy and ownership systems in 

urban areas, leading to a high proportion of urban 

slum dwellers vulnerable to higher utility charges. 

In 2012, UNICEF 33 found that garment workers 

living in urban slums pay higher rates for water 

and electricity than normal to their landlords. To 

fully address the pockets of utility deprivations, 

a nuanced understanding of the sociological 

underpinnings of the urban land tenure and social 

dynamics of social services provisioning are vital. 

33 

UNICEF Bangladesh 2012: Key Findings of the Baseline 

Survey on the Situation of Women and Children and the 

Social Sector Services available in UNICEF Assisted Urban 

and Semi-Urban Project Areas of Mirpur and Bhaluka of 

Bangladesh.Unpublished Report 


95



96


Chapter Seven 



97



98



7.0.0 The preceding chapters discussed the 

demographic profile of the population, population 

distribution, housing conditions, access to sanitary 

toilets and electricity, educational attainments by 

gender of various age cohorts of children, youths 

and adults, the dimension and distribution of out 

of school children and child workers in Bangladesh 

and specifically in Dhaka City Corporation (DCC); 

to show deprivations and progress over time 

between the 2001 and 2011 censuses. 

7.0.1 This chapter ascertains the pockets of 

social deprivation in the country by constructing 

a composite social deprivation index. A total of 

eight indicators used to construct the deprivation 

count and composite index, are listed in the text 

box. 

Composite social deprivation index 

- population below 18 years; 

- female teenage (15-19 years) married 

population; 

- children (age 6-10 years) out of school in 

primary education; 

- children (age 11-15 years) not attending 

secondary school; 

- female (age 15 years and above) who are 

illiterate; 

- child worker (age 10-14 years) who are 

not in school and engaging in paid work; 

- households without access to sanitary 

toilet; and 

- households without electricity connection 

7.0.2 Two alternative methods used to compute 

social deprivation have been elaborated below. 

Country-wide pockets of social deprivation have 

been identified at districts and the sub-districts 

(upazilas), as well as ward levels in DCC. 

7.0.3 Method one is a Deprivation Count where 

the range of values for each of the indicators 

is categorized into five quintiles (as used for 

the Maps) with one as the best and five as the 

worst in the first place. Then, deprivation is 

defined as having a value in the fourth or fifth 

quintile. Finally, the number of deprivations for 

the geographical areas for the eight indicators is 

counted and taken into consideration. 

7.0.4 Method two is a Composite Deprivation 

Index (CDI), where, as in the deprivation count, 

the range of values for each of the indicators is 

categorized into five quintiles (as used for the 

Maps) with one as the best and five as the worst 

in the first step. Then, by giving equal weight to 

all indicators, the points (quintile values) for all 

geographical areas for all indicators are summed 

up. Finally, the areas with the most points are 

defined as the most deprived and vice-versa. 

The resulting deprivation Map is based upon the 

technique used in other Maps. 

7.0.5 Maps 7.1 and 7.2 present the pockets 

of social deprivation by district and upazila, 

respectively, by using social deprivation count 

(method 1), and Maps 7.3 and 7.4 have been 

constructed for districts and upazilas using 

composite deprivation index (method 2). 

Similarly, pockets of social deprivation in the 

different wards of DCC are presented in Maps 7.5 

and 7.6, respectively. 

99


7.1 Social Deprivation Maps 

7.1.1 The distribution of the deprived districts 

and upazilas by level of deprivations using the 

above two methods are presented in Figures 7.1 

(based on deprivation counts) and 7.2 (based on 

composite deprivation index). By deprivation 

counts, more than half of the 64 districts have less 

than three deprivations and 14 districts have four 

or more deprivations (Figure 7.1). Using the CDI 

method, where the number of deprivations have 

been classified as quintiles, we noted that majority 

of the districts, that is 42 out of 64 (or 66 per cent) 

fall within the category of average or better than 

the average (quintiles 3 and 2) and 15 districts (23 

per cent) are the worse-off districts (quintiles 4 

and 5) representing the most deprived categories 

(Figure 7.2). 

7.1.2 When it comes to the sub-districts or 

upazilas, 270 (56 per cent) of the total 483 upazilas 

fall in the average or better than average group 

(quintiles three and two) while 140 upazilas (29 

per cent) fall in the most deprived categories, that 

is quintiles four and five. 

Figure 7.1: Number of districts and upazilas by number of deprivations as per the selected eight 

indicators, Bangladesh 2011 

Figure 7.2: Number of districts and upazilas by quintile values of Composite Deprivation Index 

based on the number of social deprivations, Bangladesh 2011 

* Shows the areas with number of deprivation with ‘best’ to ‘worst’ categories representing the distribution of scores for 

quintiles one to five. 

100


Map 7.1: Pockets of social deprivation (by deprivation 

count) by district, Bangladesh 2011 

Legend 

Panchagarh 


Thakurgaon 

Kurigram 


Best: 0-1 

Good: 2 

Average: 3 

Poor: 4-5 

Worst: 6-8 

Gaibandha 

Joypurhat 

Sherpur 

Naogaon 


Bogra 

Jamalpur 

Netrakona 

Mymensingh 

Sunamganj 

Sylhet 

Rajshahi 

Natore 

Sirajganj 

Tangail 

Kishoregonj 

Habiganj 

Maulvibazar 

Pabna 

Meherpur 

Kushtia 

Manikganj 

Rajbari 

Chuadanga 

Jhenaidah 

Magura 

Faridpur 

Gazipur 

Narsingdi 

Brahmanbaria 

Dhaka 

Narayanganj 

Munshiganj 

Comilla 

Jessore 

Satkhira 


Madaripur 

Narail 

Gopalganj 

Lakshmipur 

Barisal 

Noakhali 

Khulna 

Pirojpur 


Bhola 

Patuakhali 

Feni 

Khagrachhari 

Chittagong 

Rangamati 

Barguna 

B A Y O F B 

E 

N 

G A 

L 

Cox's Bazar 

Bandarban 

M Y A N M A R 

101



count) by upazila, Bangladesh 2011 

Legend 

Best: 0-1 

Good: 2 

Average: 3 

Poor: 4-5 

Worst: 6-8 

B A Y O F B 

E 

N 

G A 

L 

M Y A N M A R 

102


Map 7.3: Pockets of social deprivation (by composite 

deprivation index) by district, Bangladesh 2011 

Legend 

Panchagarh 


Thakurgaon 

Kurigram 


Best: 31 

Gaibandha 

Joypurhat 

Sherpur 

Naogaon 


Bogra 

Jamalpur 

Netrakona 

Mymensingh 

Sunamganj 

Sylhet 

Rajshahi 

Natore 

Sirajganj 

Tangail 

Kishoregonj 

Habiganj 

Maulvibazar 

Pabna 

Meherpur 

Kushtia 

Manikganj 

Rajbari 

Chuadanga 

Jhenaidah 

Magura 

Faridpur 

Gazipur 

Narsingdi 

Brahmanbaria 

Dhaka 

Narayanganj 

Munshiganj 

Comilla 

Jessore 

Satkhira 


Madaripur 

Narail 

Gopalganj 

Lakshmipur 

Barisal 

Noakhali 

Khulna 

Pirojpur 


Bhola 

Patuakhali 

Feni 

Khagrachhari 

Chittagong 

Rangamati 

Barguna 

B A Y O F B 

E 

N 

G A 

L 

Cox's Bazar 

Bandarban 

M Y A N M A R 

103



deprivation index) by upazila, Bangladesh 2011 

Legend 

Best: 31 

B A Y O F B 

E 

N 

G A 

L 

M Y A N M A R 

104



count) by ward in DCC, Bangladesh 2011 

Legend 

Best: 0 

Good: 1 

Average: 2 

Poor: 3 

Worst: >3 

Uttara 

Pallabi 

Biman Bandar 

Cantonment 

Badda 

Mirpur 

Kafrul 

Gulshan 

Mohammadpur 

Tejgaon 

Khilgaon 


Ramna 

Motijheel 

Sabujbagh 


Kotwali 

Sutrapur 

Demra 

Shyampur 

105



deprivation index) by ward in DCC, Bangladesh 2011 

Legend 

Best: 26 

Uttara 

Biman Bandar 

Pallabi 

Cantonment 

Badda 

Mirpur 

Kafrul 

Gulshan 

Mohammadpur 

Tejgaon 

Khilgaon 

Hazaribagh 

Dhanmondi 

Ramna 

Motijheel 

Sabujbagh 

Kamrangir Char Lalbag 

Kotwali 

Sutrapur 

Demra 

Shyampur 

106


Table 7.1: Top and bottom 15 districts of social deprivation based on CDI, Bangladesh 2011 

Srl. 

Top 15 districts: using CDI 

Bottom 15 districts: using CDI 

Division District Division District 

1. Barisal Jhalokati Sylhet Sunamganj 

2. Khulna Khulna Chittagong Bandarban 

3. Chittagong Feni Chittagong Cox’s Bazar 

4. Dhaka Munshiganj Dhaka Netrakona 

5. Khulna Bagerhat Barisal Bhola 

6. Barisal Barisal Sylhet Habiganj 

7. Barisal Pirojpur Rajshahi Chapai Nawabganj 

8. Chittagong Chandpur Rangpur Kurigram 

9. Chittagong Chittagong Rangpur Gaibandha 

10. Dhaka Dhaka Rajshahi Sirajganj 

11. Dhaka Gazipur Dhaka Sherpur 

12. Rajshahi Joypurhat Chittagong Rangamati 

13. Rajshahi Rajshahi Dhaka Jamalpur 

14. Barisal Barguna Rangpur Nilphamari 

15. Dhaka Gopalganj Dhaka Mymensingh 

7.1.3 The Maps show that social deprivation is 

concentrated mostly in the northern, north-eastern, 

and south-eastern and to a lesser extent south-central 

parts of Bangladesh. Based on the analysis of social 

deprivation using the social deprivation index 34 , the 

top and bottom 15 districts and 30 upazilas are also 

presented in Tables 7.1 and 7.2 below. Comparison of 

the pockets of social deprivation using both methods 

is presented at the end of the report in Annex 4. 

Ranking of districts and upazilas using CDI are also 

presented at the end of the report in Annex 5A and 

5B respectively. 


34 

Social deprivation index has the supremacy over deprivation count because of the construction under each of them. However, 

results obtained from both the methods have been reported at the end of the chapter for comparison. 

107


Table 7.2: Top and bottom 30 upazilas of social deprivation based on CDI, Bangladesh 2011 

Srl. 

Top 30 upazilas: using CDI 

Bottom 30 upazilas: using CDI 

Division District Upazila Division District Upazila 

1. Chittagong Chittagong Boalkhali Chittagong Bandarban Naikhongchhari 

2. Barisal Jhalokati JhalokatiSadar Chittagong Bandarban Alikadam 

3. Barisal Barisal Babuganj Barisal Bhola Manpura 

4. Chittagong Chittagong Hathazari Sylhet Sunamganj Tahirpur 

5. Chittagong Chittagong Raozan Sylhet Sunamganj Bishwambarpur 

6. Chittagong Feni Daganbhuiyan Dhaka Kishoregonj Mithamain 

7. Barisal Pirojpur PirojpurSadar Sylhet Sunamganj Dharampasha 

8. Chittagong Chittagong Sitakunda Dhaka Kishoregonj Austagram 

9. Dhaka Dhaka Nawabganj Chittagong Bandarban Thanchi 

10. Chittagong Feni Chhagalnaiya Chittagong Noakhali Hatiya 

11. Chittagong Noakhali Chatkhil Sylhet Sunamganj Jamalganj 

12. Khulna Bagerhat BagerhatSadar Dhaka Netrakona Khaliajuri 

13. Khulna Bagerhat Fakirhat Sylhet Habiganj Lakhai 

14. Barisal Barisal Agailjhara Sylhet Habiganj Baniachong 

15. Barisal Barisal Banari Para Rangpur Gaibandha Fulchhari 

16. Barisal Barisal Barisal Sadar Chittagong Cox’s Bazar Ukhia 

17. Barisal Barisal Wazirpur Chittagong Cox’s Bazar Maheshkhali 

18. Chittagong Feni FeniSadar Chittagong Bandarban Lama 

19. Dhaka Gazipur Kaliganj Sylhet Sylhet Gowainghat 

20. Khulna Jessore JessoreSadar Sylhet Sunamganj Sulla 

21. Barisal Jhalokati Nalchity Sylhet Sunamganj Dowarabazar 

22. Barisal Jhalokati Rajapur Dhaka Netrakona Madan 

23. Khulna Khulna Phultala Dhaka Netrakona Kalmakanda 

24. Dhaka Munshiganj Gazaria Dhaka Netrakona Barhatta 

25. Dhaka Munshiganj Sreenagar Sylhet Sylhet Companiganj 

26. Dhaka Munshiganj Tongibari Chittagong Rangamati BelaiChhari 

27. Rajshahi Natore Bagatipara Dhaka Kishoregonj Itna 

28. Chittagong Noakhali Sonaimuri Sylhet Habiganj Ajmiriganj 

29. Barisal Pirojpur Bhandaria Chittagong Cox’s Bazar Teknaf 

30. Barisal Pirojpur Nesarabad Chittagong Noakhali Subarnachar 

108


7.1.4 The composite deprivation index (CDI) 

created is strongly related to poverty from 

the perspective of social deprivation, and it 

can, therefore, be used for multi-sector social 

targeting of the most deprived upazilas, 

deprived in terms of education, housing, child 

protection and sanitation. The index captures 

social deprivation and the results of the index 

can easily be used and understood: the higher 

the number of areas with higher values of 

index, the worse the situation and the more 

that has to be done to achieve the MDGs with 

equity in Bangladesh. 

7.2 Emerging Patterns and Pockets of Social 

Deprivation 

7.2.1 The district level Map shows an 

interesting pattern: with a few exceptions, 

the whole western and southern parts of 

the country fall within the ‘good’ category, 

while the northern and eastern parts fall in 

the more deprived regions. Thus, the Map 

reveals continuous spots of the same colour 

rather than a patch work of different colours 

(categories). The best performing districts are 

located around Khulna and Barisal divisions, 

compared to Sylhet division which visibly lags 

behind. 

7.2.2 The upazila Map with its much greater 

geographic resolution features many other 

poorly performing areas indicating disparities 

within districts and between upazilas, which 

were obscured by district averages in the district 

Map. Overall district performance is often a 

combination of ‘good’ and ‘poor’ performance 

at the upazila level. Data Mapping at lower 

administrative levels, upazila at district and 

ward at DCC, allows us to recognize important 

patterns and pockets of social deprivations 

for collective action to address social 

inequalities or exclusion. Thus, the number of 

“high deprivation” and “highest deprivation” 

upazilas were 90 and 50, respectively. These 

two categories, together 140 upazilas, were 

recognized as the “most deprived”, providing 

decision makers with a chance to target social 

development programmes and budgets 

more directly to these areas lagging behind 

as Bangladesh seeks to attain middle income 

status with equity by 2021. 

7.2.3 The robust census data at the upazila 

and ward levels show significant disparities 

between different upazilas within and outside 

districts, and between different wards of DCC. 

Deprivation is particularly higher in wards with 

high proportion of slums and the upazilas of 

isolated districts. The CDI helps to focus on the 

most deprived areas. 

7.2.4 Table 7.3 presents the number of 

deprived upazilas in each of the 15 most 

deprived districts based on CDI. The table 

shows two districts - Sunamganj and Bhola - as 

the most deprived districts, as all the upazilas 

of these districts were the ‘most deprived’. 

The 15 districts presented in the table contain 

91 out of 140 most deprived upazilas in 64 

districts, a very substantial proportion. The 

observed pattern shows that deprivation is 

more widespread than the deprived districts 

indicate. As revealed, there are many pockets 

of poverty in Bangladesh, even in economically 

well-off areas too. For example, Gulshan, 

though one of the wealthiest areas in Dhaka 

city has a few pockets of poverty gauged by 

social deprivation measures. 

109


Table 7.3: Number of deprived upazilas amongst the 15 most deprived districts based on CDI, 

Bangladesh, 2011 

Srl. 

Worst 15 districts: using CDI 

Division 

District 

Total no. of 

upazilas 

No of deprived 

upzilas 

% of deprived 

upazilas 

1. Sylhet Sunamganj 11 11 100.0 

2. Chittagong Bandarban 7 6 85.7 

3. Chittagong Cox’s Bazar 8 7 87.5 

4. Dhaka Netrakona 10 9 90.0 

5. Barisal Bhola 7 7 100.0 

6. Sylhet Habiganj 8 7 87.5 

7. Rajshahi ChapaiNawabganj 5 4 80.0 

8. Rangpur Kurigram 9 4 44.4 

9. Rangpur Gaibandha 7 6 85.7 

10. Rajshahi Sirajganj 9 5 55.6 

11. Dhaka Sherpur 5 4 80.0 

12. Chittagong Rangamati 10 6 60.0 

13. Dhaka Jamalpur 7 4 57.1 

14. Rangpur Nilphamari 6 4 66.7 

15. Dhaka Mymensingh 12 7 58.3 

7.3 Uncovering the Disparities and Uniformities 

7.3.1 The deprivation count and composite 

deprivation index are mutually reinforcing 

measures to show the disparities and uniformities 

that characterize uneven growth and social 

progress; and a powerful tool to identify and 

address inequities in the socioeconomic rights 

of children, youth, women and their families and 

in their living environments. It recognizes the 

pockets of progress much as it shows the patterns 

of social deprivation. For instance, the analysis 

reported herein shows that there were elements 

of disparities and uniformities by different 

characteristics within diverse areas. Noakhali 

district, for example, was home to both the best 

and the worst performing upazilas, showing great 

sign of disparity. In the same district of Noakhali, 

we have Chatkhil as one of the best performing 

upazilas, and the island Hatiya which was among 

the worst. In regard to uniformity, seven upazilas in 

Dinajpur district had exactly the same value for the 

deprivation index, an expression of homogeneity 

within a district. 

7.3.2 Viewed from the east to the west of the 

country (that is from right to the left on the Map), 

the intensity (marked by colors) of deprivation 

generally changes from red (highest deprivation) to 

yellow (lowest deprivation). The high deprivation 

areas are mainly in the divisions of Chittagong and 

Sylhet, particularly in the hilly areas of Chittagong. 

The highest deprivation areas (quintile five) are 

mostly concentrated in the region between Dhaka 

division and Sylhet division and in the far south 

point of Chittagong. The Map 7.7 clearly shows 

that deprivation is associated with geographic 

isolation; greater geographic remoteness means 

110


higher deprivation. 

7.3.3 The United Nations Development Assistance 

Framework (UNDAF) 2012-2016 in support of the 

Government of Bangladesh’s Sixth Five Year Plan 

identified 20 districts, which were lagging behind 

on MDG achievement and on vulnerability Mapping 

determined by social indicators. It can be seen that 

of the top 10 most deprived districts identified 

using the census data and specific indicators, 9 

districts were also identified as the priority districts 

for geographical targeting under UNDAF, the only 

exception being Chapai Nawabganj district. 

7.3.4 Out of the top fifty highest deprived 

(quintile five) upazilas in Map 7.7, 20 (40 per cent) 

were located in Chittagong, 14 (28 per cent) in 

Sylhet, 10 (20 per cent) in Dhaka, five in Rangpur 

and only one in Rajshahi division. 

7.3.5 In terms of distribution of 50 highest 

deprived upazilas by districts, these were spread 

across 16 districts. About half of the most deprived 


upazilas (27 out of 50 upazilas) are located in just 

five districts (Table 7.4) and the other 23 upazilas 

were located in as many as 11 districts. 

7.3.6 Five out of fifteen deprived districts had 

none of the highest deprived upazilas. On the 

other hand, there were six districts, which were 

not most deprived, but are home to a few most 

deprived upazilas, for example, Sylhet district 

though ranked very low as a deprived district 

(rank 22), had two most deprived upazilas 

(Companiganj and Gowainghat). 

Table 7.4: Distribution of most deprived 50 

upazilas by district, Bangladesh 2011 

Srl. Division District Number of most 

deprived upazilas 

1. Sylhet Sunamganj 8 

2. Chittagong Bandarban 6 

3. Dhaka Netrokona 5 

4. Chittagong Cox’s Bazar 4 

5. Sylhet Habiganj 4 

6. Dhaka Kishoreganj 4 

7. Chittagong Rangamati 4 

8. Barisal Bhola 3 

9. Rangpur Gaibandha 2 

10. Chittagong Lakshmipur 2 

11. Chittagong Noakhali 2 

12. Sylhet Sylhet 2 

13. Chittagong Brahmanbaria 1 

14. Chittagong Khagrachhari 1 

15. Dhaka Mymensingh 1 

16. Rajshahi Sirajganj 1 

Total 16 districts 50 upazilas 

7.3.7 The location of the 100 most deprived 

upazilas is presented in Map 7.8. The Map 

shows that the 100 most deprived upazilas are 

located near the borders of the country which 

are less accessible. This indicates how physical 

accessibility is related with deprivation of basic 

social services. 

111


Map 7.7: Most deprived 50 upazilas, Bangladesh 2011 

B A Y O F B 

E 

N 

G A 

L 

M Y A N M A R 

112


Map 7.8: Most deprived 100 upazilas, Bangladesh 2011 

B A Y O F B 

E 

N 

G A 

L 

M Y A N M A R 

113


7.4 Progress has been Least in the Most 

Deprived Areas 

7.4.1 The generational progress of literacy was 

examined by comparing the youth literacy rate 

with that of the adult literacy rates in Bangladesh. 

The average un-weighted average difference 

between the two rates was 23.9 per cent. It 

indicates that Bangladesh made a good progress 

within a generation. This remarkable national 

progress has not been across the sub national 

areas of Bangladesh, as the lowest progress has 

been recorded in the most deprived upazilas 

where more advancement is most needed to 

narrow the equity gap. 

findings inform their investment cases, policy 

actions, programme targeting and designs and 

budgetary appropriations of today. In conclusion, 

tracking the identification, removal and reporting 

of the obstacles that hinder children, youth and 

women from being included in the rapid economic 

growth should be the development priority of the 

Government of Bangladesh and its development 

partners, as articulated in the Sixth Five Year Plan. 

7.4.2 The average improvement of the 50 highest 

deprived upazilas was just 17.7 percentage points. 

Only one of the 50 highest deprived upazilas had 

above average progress and 49 upazilas had below 

average progress. This indicates that the highest 

deprived upazilas need special attention, justifying 

the geographic targeting approach adopted by 

the Government of Bangladesh in the UNICEF 

(and UNDAF) assisted Country Programme of 

cooperation 2012-2016. In Bangladesh, the areas 

with the highest deprivation tend to be both the 

least accessible (hill districts for example) and most 

densely populated (urban slums) areas. Therefore, 

in order to reduce inequality and achieve Vision 

2021 with justice, the most deprived areas should 

be given due priority to ensure effective coverage 

of basic social services. 

7.4.3 The quality of growth in Bangladesh remains 

challenged by the continued existence of these 

pockets of social exclusion. Instead of waiting for 

the results of the 2021 census to again confirm the 

historical deprivations revealed in these pockets 

of poverty, we call on all stakeholders to let these 


114

Chapter Eight 

Summary and Conclusion 



115



116



8.0.0 The population and housing census 

undertaken every 10 years offers a reliable source 

of data which, at low cost, can be ‘mined’ to 

highlight progress, or lack thereof, on a number 

of demographic and social parameters. With 

information available at the individual levels, 

socioeconomic and population based development 

profiles can be created from the census, on the 

deprivations faced by specific groups such as 

children and youths. Based on information collected 

from each resident of the country the census data 

has the advantage of assessing a much lower level 

of geography and administrative units like villages 

in rural and wards in urban areas, which large scale 

surveys cannot. 

8.0.1 In line with the principles of the National 

Strategy for the Development of Statistics (NSDS) 

in Bangladesh, UNICEF together with BIDS and 

BBS embarked on a practical demonstration of 

organizational commitment to mine data from 

existing credible national sources such as the 

Census, to complement population based surveys. 

This document has further analyzed the available 

information from the Census to assess the 

situation of children and women in the country 

against certain development indicators (Annex- 

1A). The analysis also unpacked the existing 

disparities up to upazila level where some degree 

of administrative, developmental and service 

delivery autonomy exist, to provide some hard 

evidence to help targeting, planning and policy 

formulation for more equitable national growth 

and development. 

8.0.2 As shown in prior chapters, this report 

examined various spatial dimensions and 

disparities of some indicators - population below 

18 years of age, sex ratio, female teenage marriage 

rate, literacy, schooling, educational attainment, 

child worker, housing and sanitation, and several 

composite indices of social deprivation faced by 

children, youth and their families. The greatest 

value of this report is the high level of geographic 

resolution which enables decision makers to 

identify the specific areas which are most socially 

deprived; to inform equity based targeting of 

relevant socioeconomic and social safety net 

programmes and budgets. 

8.0.3 As shown earlier, Bangladesh has 

recorded significant improvement over the last 

decade in the country in respect to most of the 

indicators taken into consideration. Nonetheless, 

socioeconomic progress has been uneven across 

the country and from the perspective of children 

and women’s rights; this report brings forth the 

disparities that exist between parts of the country, 

regions, districts and upazilas, with respect to 

most of the indicators and composite measures 

of deprivation. Without repeating the findings 

in earlier chapters, this chapter points the way 

forward for Bangladesh to invest into equitable 

social services in the quest to the middle income 

status by 2021. 


117


Two different Worlds: 

The Situation of Children in the Least and the Most Deprived Upazilas 

The situation of social development indicators in different geographic regions varies significantly, 

revealing two worlds. As in many countries, this Equity Atlas indicates that within Bangladesh, where 

children are born or live conveys the notion of different worlds in terms of access to certain services. 

This gulf in social deprivation is evident when the most deprived upazila is compared to the least 

deprived upazilas (see the table inside the box below). It is instructive to imagine what it means 

for a child to grow up in Alikadam upazila of Bandarban district compared to Boalkahali upazila of 

Chittagong district in the same division. 

The table below illustrates the extent of inequality between Alikadam and Boalkhali upazilas. Progress 

of some of the indicators in Alikadam is half as good as in Boalkhali, and the reality faced by children 

and their families due to the fate of their birth or place of abode. For instance, in Alikadam families 

have seven times less access to electricity and prevalence of the real child workers was 10 times more 

compared to those in Boalkhali. In all indicators presented, Alikadam is deprived in seven out of the 

eight parameters considered against none in Boalkhali. 

Comparison of situation between the most and the least deprived 

upazilas of same division 

Indicators (%) Alikadam upazila Boalkhali upazila 

Children under18 48 39 

Teenage marriage 32 15 

Youth literacy 43 83 

Female adult literacy 25 61 

Out of school children 39 16 

NAR secondary level 29 59 

Real child worker 21 2.2 

No sanitary toilet 76 17 

No electricity connection 84 12 

Number of deprivations 7 0 

8.1 Final Highlights, Observations and Key 

Recommendations 

8.1.1 Based on the study the following main 

observations are further highlighted: 

1. The Equity Atlas provides an insight with an 

incredible level of detail to the social situation 

of children, youth and their families in 

Bangladesh, based upon the 2011 Population 

Census. Substantial improvements have been 

noted between 2001 and 2011 in respect of 

most of the indicators taken into account 

(Table 1.2 in Chapter one). Disparities are 

more observable with further disaggregation 

by social groups and regions. Central to the 

atlas are the maps while the graphs show the 

remarkable progress achieved such as in the 

field of education and the closing of the gender 

118


gap. Disparities are more discernible at subnational 

levels, hence with every additional 

lower spatial level of analysis, the range of 

value for the indicators increased (see Tables 

in Annex-3A and 3B). While the proportion of 

“real child worker” at the divisional level varied 

from 3.7 per cent to 8.0 per cent (Figure 4.1 

in Chapter four), it was 1.7 per cent to 26.5 

per cent at the upazila level (Annex Table 4.1 

in Annex-3B). In Dhaka City Corporation, the 

proportion of real child worker among the 

wards varied from 8.3 per cent to 43.8 per 

cent (Table 6.7 in Chapter six). The lower and 

higher values of indicators varied enormously, 

for example, the proportion of households 

with access to electricity at upazila level varied 

from 7.8 per cent to 97.7 per cent (Annex Table 

5.1 in Annex-3B), an indication of incredible 

inequality. The proportion of female real 

child worker also significantly varied between 

upazilas, the lowest being 0.1 per cent and the 

highest 27.0 per cent (Annex Table 4.1 in Annex- 

3B), unveiling a factor of 270 times difference 

between two upazilas. Thus, disparities that 

existed in the country in respect of various 

indicators were more pronounced through 

small area estimates than that of the large 

areas. Hence, it is recommended that BBS, 

BIDS, UNICEF and interested development 

institutions undertake further analysis of the 

Census data, to the Union levels, particularly 

in the 20 districts prioritized under the 

Government of Bangladesh and the UNDAF 

and UNICEF Assisted Country Programme, to 

tackle various indicators of social deprivation. 

The Equity Atlas may also be complemented 

by further analysis of the Sample Census data 

which offers scope for analyzing indicators 

of mortality, fertility, migration, economic 

activity and use of print and electronic media 

and internet, among others. 

2. Female teenage marriage is still very high in 

Bangladesh, 32.5 per cent on average with 

the highest of 55.2 per cent in one upazila 

(Nageshwari in Kurigram District). Female 

education was inversely correlated with 

female teenage marriage, the higher the 

female education rate the lower the teenage 

marriage rate. Education remains a potent 

tool to delay the age of marriage and increase 

human capital substantially. This finding 

reinforces the urgency of collaborative action 

by various institutions - Ministry of Women 

and Children Affairs, Ministry of Primary and 

Mass Education, Ministry of Social Welfare, Civil 

Society and communities with support from 

UNICEF and other UN agencies - to harness the 

synergy of services and interventions to delay 

the age of marriage, particularly promotion of 

education, provision of safety net and other 

targeted programmes. 

3. There has been clear progress in literacy 

levels in the country, but with high disparities 

between different districts and upazilas - 22.5 

percentage point difference for districts and 

26.7 for upazilas. While several districts and 

upazilas experienced substantial progress, 

some areas in dire need experienced very 

little progress, justifying the geographic 

targeting adopted by the Government and 

development partners in key sectors. 

4. There has been improvement in girls’ 

education in the country. Girls’ attendance at 

secondary school was higher than that of the 

boys, 80.2 per cent for girls against 72.2 per 

119


cent for boys. Female youth literacy rate is 

higher than that of the male at 76.6 per cent 

against 74.0 per cent. However, significant 

differences were observed in youth literacy 

by female and male among the upazilas in 

the country. Bangladesh has made substantial 

progress in fostering gender equality in the 

education sector as investment and social 

mobilization efforts of past and present 

Governments continue to close the equity 

gap. Similar attention is required to address 

emerging pockets of disparity, for instance 

in the out of school children and its gender 

dimension, including where boys or girls are 

at a disadvantage. 

5. The proportion of out of school children (OOSC) 

was alarmingly high, almost one in four, mainly 

caused by late entrance of children to school. 

The proportion of OOSC had a correlation 

of 0.9 with the deprivation index. Thus the 

higher the proportion of OOSC in an upazila 

the higher the composite deprivation index. 

The worst upazila (Khaliajuri in Netrokona 

District) registered almost half (44.9 per cent) 

of children out of school, revealing a clear 

and urgent remedial action for parents and 

the education sector at national, district and 

especially upazila levels to address. 

6. The proportion of real child worker (10-14 

years old) is high, at 6 per cent nationally, 9.1 

per cent for boys and 2.6 per cent for girls. In 

the urban areas, the overall proportion was 

very high too at 9 per cent being 11 per cent 

and 7 per cent respectively for boys and girls 

nationally but as high as 18.1 per cent and 

16.6 per cent for boys and girls respectively 

in Dhaka City Corporation (DCC). This Child 

Equity Atlas also revealed a gender pattern 

for real child labour in the DCC, with boy 

child workers more concentrated in the old 

city (where small engineering workshops 

are largely concentrated) while girl child 

workers are more in the slum areas and 

with garment industry. In rural areas, child 

workers are concentrated in agriculture and 

service sectors and in urban areas, they are 

concentrated in service and industrial sectors. 

Again, to address the issue of real child 

workers, private public partnership needs to 

be forged on the one hand with concomitant 

collaboration between the Ministry of Women 

and Children Affairs, Ministry of Primary and 

Mass Education, Ministry of Social Welfare, 

civil society, communities and development 

partners and organized private sector, to 

promote the rights of children and gender 

equality in industry, services and education 

sectors as a business principle. 

7. The Composite Deprivation Index generated 

from the 2011 Population Census data analysis 

revealed close similarity in the patterns of 

the deprived districts, 35 prepared using MICS 

2009 data, partly used to identify the UNDAF 

priority districts. 

8. Among the 50 most deprived upazilas, only 

one has above average progress in literacy 

reduction. These least performing upazilas 

are located in the remotest areas and had the 

lowest population density. It is socially just 

and makes sound economic sense for each of 

the key social services and other development 

institutions to prioritize development policies, 

programmes, budgets and partnerships in 

35 

A Case for Geographic Targeting of Basic Social Services to 

Mitigate Inequalities in Bangladesh, http://www.unicef.org/ 

bangladesh/Geo_targeting_25dec_PDF.pdf 

120


these areas to make Bangladesh aspirations to 

achieve middle income country status by 2021 

a reality with equity. 

8.1.2 Finally, the CDI constructed in this study is 

strongly related to social deprivation and usable 

for multi-sector social targeting of the most 

deprived upazilas as it represents the education, 

housing, child protection and water and sanitation 

sectors. The index captures social deprivation 

and the results and maps can easily be used and 

understood. The higher the CDI number the worse 

the situation and, therefore, the more efforts to 

be invested to achieve the MDGs, focusing on the 

most deprived populations. 

8.1.3 Importantly, the Atlas shows Bangladesh 

as homogeneously progressing in some of its 

development outcomes, but that it is also home to 

challenging disparities than previously thought. 

The analysis reveals that while good governance 

is a critical element of development, remoteness 

or isolation seen in urban wards are big drivers 

of social stagnation. Thus, efforts to reach and 

open up these areas should be increased, as 

stated in the Sixth Five Year Plan 2011-2015 of 

the Government of Bangladesh. This report has 

revealed the pockets of progress and poverty (as 

social deprivation), hoping that it leads to a wakeup 

call for all stakeholders to take appropriate 

action to address the inequalities by using 

the Atlas to guide policies, programmes and 

investment cases, towards a vision of a socially 

inclusive country, where children are not 

deprived due to where they are born or where 

they live but enjoy socioeconomic rights with 

equity in Bangladesh. 


121


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BBS (2011). Report on Bangladesh Population and Housing Census, 2011 

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Statistics. 

BBS (2011). Report on Sample Vital Registration System (SVRS), Dhaka: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. 

C.R. Belfield (2008), The Economic Benefits of Investments in Early Education for Hawai’i, Queens College, City 

University of New York, New York, 2008. 

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Planning, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, http://napd.ac.bd/Sixthplan.pdf 

Hossain Zillur Rahman et al (2012), Bangladesh Urban Dynamics, PPRC 

ICRW (2007), ‘How to End Child Marriage: Action Strategies for Prevention and Protection’. http://www.icrw.org/ 

files/publications/How-to-End-Child-Marriage-Action-Strategies-for-Prevention-and-Protection-Brief.pdf 

I.P. Samuelsson and Y. Kaga (2008), “Introduction”, in I.P. Samuelsson and Y. Kaga (eds.), The Contribution of Early 

Childhood Education to a Sustainable Society, UNESCO, Paris, 2008. 

J. Benhabib and M.M. Spiegel (1994), ‘The Role of Human Capital in Economic Development: Evidence from 

Aggregate Cross-country Data’, Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 34, No. 2, 1994, pp. 143-173. 

T.A. Islam, M.A. Wadud, and Q.T. Islam (2007), ‘Relationship between Education and GDP Growth: A Mutivariate 

Causality Analysis for Bangladesh.’ Economics Bulletin, Vol. 3, No. 35, 2007, pp. 1-7. 

UNDP (2012), Human Development Report: UNDP 2012, http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/BGD.html 

UNICEF (2004), Early Marriage: A Harmful Traditional Practice – A Statistical Exploration. http://www.unicef.org/ 

publications/files/Early_Marriage_12.lo.pdf 

UNICEF Bangladesh (2010). Child Labour in Bangladesh: http://www.unicef.org/bangladesh/Child_labour.pdf 

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Social Sector Services’, available in UNICEF Assisted Urban and Semi-Urban Project Areas of Mirpur and Bhaluka 

of Bangladesh. Unpublished Report. 

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the Western Pacific. 

WHO/UNICEF JMP (2012), WHO/UNICEF 2012, Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation: 2012 

World Bank (2007), Improving Living Conditions for the Urban Poor, Bangladesh Development Series, Paper No. 

17, Dhaka, 2007. 

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World Bank (2012), World Development Indicators (WDI) and Global Development Finance (GDF), 2012, http:// 

data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators 

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data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators 

122

Annexure 


123

124 

Photo : Ibrahim Khan Moni

Annexure 

ANNEX-1A: List of Indicators 

1. Number of population 

2. Population below 18 years 

3. Population below 5 years 

4. Under-five sex ratio 

5. Women in childbearing age (aged 15-49 years) 

6. Female teenage (15-19 years) married population 

7. Female headed households 

8. Youth literacy rate (aged 15-24 years) 

9. Adult literacy rate (15 years and above) 

10. School attendance at age Five 

11. School attendance rate in primary education (aged 6-10 years) 

12. Net attendance rate in primary education (aged 6-10 years) 

13. Out of school in primary education (6-10 years) 

14. School attendance rate in secondary education (aged 11-15 years) 

15. Net attendance rate in secondary education (aged 11-15 years) 

16. Out of school children in secondary education (11-15 years) 

17. Educational attainment of young female aged 15-24 years 

18. Educational attainment of adult female aged 40-49 years 

19. Child workers aged 10-14 years not attending school 

20. Types of houses people live in 

21. Access to sanitary toilet 

22. Electricity connection in the household 

125


ANNEX-1B: Definition of Indicators 

Sex ratio 

Sex ratio is the ratio of boys to girls in a population (per 100 girls) 

Childbearing age 

Women of childbearing age are defined by women aged 15-49 years. 

Literacy 

An individual who is able to write a letter is defined as literate. 

Female teenage married population 

Number of female aged 15-19 years who are married. 

Youth 

An individual boy or girl aged between 15 to 24 years is defined as youth. 

School attendance at age 5 

Children aged 5 years who are attending school. 

Net Attendance Rate (NAR) at Primary 

NAR is the percentage of primary school age (6-10 years) children attending primary school. 

Net Attendance Rate (NAR) at Secondary 

NAR is the percentage of secondary school age (11-14 years) children attending secondary school. 

Real Child Worker 

Children aged 10-14 years who are not in school and engaged in (paid or unpaid) work. 

Sanitary Toilet 

Sanitary toilet refers to both “water sealed” and “without water sealed”sanitary toilets. 

Electricity Connection 

Electricity connention refers to having electricity connection in the household from national grid. 

126

ANNEX-1C 

ANNEX-1C: Computing the Indicators: Numerators and Denominators 

Topics Indicators Numerator Denominator 

Demography 

Education 

Proportion of population below 

18 years 

Number of population aged 0-17 years Total number of population 

Proportion of children below 5 

years 

Number of children aged 0-4 years Total number of population 

Under-five sex ratio (per 100 girls) Numbers of boys aged 0-4 years Numbers of girls aged 0-4 years 

Proportion of women in childbearing 

age 

Female teenage marriage rate 

Proportion of female headed 

households 


Adult literacy rate 

School attendance rate at age 5 

Net attendance rate in primary 

education 

School attendance rate in primary 

education 

Out of school in primary education 

(6-10 years) 

Net attendance rate in secondary 

education 

School attendance rate in secondary 

education 

Out of school in secondary education 

(11-15 years) 

Educational attainment of young 

15-24 years 

- Never to school or primary 

incomplete 

- Primary completed 

- Secondary incomplete 

- Secondary completed or 

more 

Number of female population aged 15-49 

years 

Number of female aged 15-19 years who 

are married 

Number of households with a female 

head 

Number of youth aged 15-24 years who 

are literate (i.e. can write a letter) 

Number of adult aged 15 years and above 

who are literate (i.e. can write a letter) 

Number of children aged 5 years who are 

currently attending school 

Number of children of primary school age 

(6-10 years) currently attending primary 

school 

Number of children of primary school age 

(6-10 years) currently attending school 

Number of children of primary school 

age (6-10 years) currently not attending 

school 

Number of children of secondary school 

age (11-15 years) currently attending 

secondary school 


age (11-15 years) currently attending 

school 


age (11-15 years) currently not attending 

school 

Number of young aged 15-24 years: four 

categories of education 

Number of young (15-24 years) who have 

no education or primary incomplete (i.e. 

0-4 class pass) 

Number of young (15-24 years) who 

primary completed but junior secondary 

incomplete (i.e. 5-7 class pass) 

Number of young (15-24 years) who junior 

secondary completed but secondary 

incomplete (i.e. 8-9 class pass) 

Number of young (15-24 years) who 

secondary completed or more 

Total number of female population 

Total number of female aged 15-19 

years 

Total number of households 

Total number of youth aged 15-24 

years 

Total number of adult aged 15 years 

and above 

Total number of children aged 5 

years 

Total number of children of primary 

school age (6-10 years) 





Total number of children of secondary 






Total number of young population 

aged 15-24 years 

Total number of young aged 15-24 

years 


years 


years 


years 

127


Topics Indicators Numerator Denominator 

Child worker 

Housing and 

utilities 

Child worker (10-14 year-olds not 

attending school) 

Child worker (10-14 year-olds not 

attending school)in agriculture 

Real child worker (age 10-14 years) 

in industry 

Real child worker (age 10-14 years) 

in service 

Proportion of household members 

living in pucca houses 


living in semi-pucca houses 


living in kutcha houses 


living in jhupri houses 

Use of sanitary toilet 

Use of non-sanitary toilet 

Proportion of households without 

electricity connection 

Use of non-sanitary toilet and without 


Use of sanitary toilet and having 


Number of children aged 10-14 years who 

are not in school and engaging in (paid 

and unpaid) work 

Number of children aged 10-14 years 

who are not in school and engaging in 

agriculture 

Number of children aged 10-14 years 

who are not in school and engaging in 

industry 

Number of children aged 10-14 years who 

are not in school and engaging in service 

Number of household members living in 

pucca houses 


semi-pucca houses 


kutcha houses 


jhupri houses 

Number of household members using 

sanitary toilet (with or without water 

sealed) 


non-sanitary toilet (non-sanitary or none) 

Number of household members without 



non-sanitary toilet and without electricity 

connection 


sanitary toilet and having electricity connection 

Total number of children aged 10-14 

years 


years who are not in school and 

engaging in (paid and unpaid) work 
















128

ANNEX-2: Ranges of Values Used for Preparing the Maps and Constructing the Deprivation 

Indices 

Ranges of values for District and Upazila 

Indicators 

Q1: Best 

Q2: Higher than 

average 

Q3: Average 

Q4: Lower 

than average 

Q5: Worst 

Population below 18 years (%) 47.0 

Female teenage married 

population (15-19 yrs) (%) 

46.0 

Female headed households (%) 28.0 

Youth literacy rate (15-24 years) (%) >82.0 75.1-82.0 64.1-75.0 55.0-64.0 62.0 54.1-62.0 46.1-54.0 38.0-46.0 61.0 51.1-61.0 41.0-51.0 31.0-41.0 24.0 18.0-24.0 32.0 26.1-32.0 20.1-26.0 14.0-20.0 63.0 54.1-63.0 45.1-54.0 36.0-45.0 73.0 

Households without electricity 

connection (%) 

< 20.0 20.1-38.0 38.1-56.0 56.1-74.0 >74.0 

Households having no access to 

sanitary toilet and electricity (%) 

46.0 

Households having access to 

sanitary toilet and electricity (%) 

>56.0 44.1-56.0 32.1-44.0 20.0-32.0


Ranges of values for DCC Wards 

Indicators 

Population below 18 years 

(%) 


population (15-19 yrs) (%) 

Female adult illiteracy rate 

(15 years and above) (%) 

Out of school children (6-10 

years) (%) 

Q1: Best 

Q2: Above 

average 

Q3: Average 

Q4: Below 

average 

Q5: Worst 

36.0 

31.0 

40.0 

31.0 

NAR at Secondary School (%) >56.0 49.1-56.0 42.1-49.0 35.0-42.0 3 

26 

130

ANNEX-3A 

ANNEX-3A: Data Tables: Districts and DCC Wards 

Annex Table 2.1: Population distribution by district, Bangladesh 2011 

District 

Number of population 

Urban 

population 

(%) 

Population 

density 

(population/ 

per sq km) 

Proportion below 18 

years (%) 


years (%) 

Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Boys Girls 

Sex 

ratio 

under 

five 

Proportion 

women in 

childbearing 

age (15-49 

years) (%) 


(15-19 years) (%) 

Rural 

Proportion of female 

headed households (%) 


Bagerhat 1476090 740138 735952 13.2 373 36.9 38.2 35.6 9.0 9.1 8.9 103 52.9 38.0 38.8 33.3 13.4 13.3 14.5 

Bandarban 388335 203350 184985 25.9 87 44.8 44.5 45.0 13.2 12.8 13.6 103 50.0 26.4 26.1 27.1 11.0 10.2 13.0 

Barguna 892781 437413 455368 11.5 488 37.9 40.3 35.5 9.9 10.2 9.6 102 52.5 41.6 42.5 36.3 14.8 14.9 14.2 

Barisal 2324310 1137210 1187100 22.3 835 41.2 43.1 39.3 9.8 10.1 9.6 101 50.9 29.6 29.9 28.5 18.0 18.7 15.6 

Bhola 1776795 884069 892726 13.7 522 45.7 47.5 43.8 12.1 12.3 11.9 103 48.3 37.0 38.0 31.6 14.1 14.2 13.1 

Bogra 3400874 1708806 1692068 19.7 1173 35.1 37.1 33.1 9.3 9.5 9.2 104 56.4 46.4 49.1 37.5 12.4 12.5 11.8 

Total 

Urban 

Brahmanbaria 

2840498 1366711 1473787 15.8 1510 47.8 50.7 45.1 13.7 14.4 13.1 102 47.5 31.8 32.3 29.4 23.3 24.0 19.5 

Chandpur 2416018 1145831 1270187 18.0 1468 43.0 45.8 40.5 10.9 11.5 10.2 102 51.2 26.9 26.7 27.8 25.2 26.1 21.2 

Chittagong 7616352 3838854 3777498 41.4 1442 40.1 40.7 39.4 10.0 10.1 9.9 103 55.8 18.4 17.9 19.1 22.2 26.5 16.6 

Chuadanga 1129015 564819 564196 27.1 962 35.4 37.2 33.6 8.9 9.0 8.7 104 56.4 46.7 48.2 43.3 8.9 8.4 10.1 

Comilla 5387288 2575018 2812270 15.6 1712 44.5 47.4 41.8 11.5 12.2 10.9 102 50.7 30.3 30.7 27.9 24.7 25.6 20.0 

Cox’s Bazar 2289990 1169604 1120386 21.8 919 49.0 49.4 48.6 13.3 13.3 13.3 104 48.3 22.8 22.3 24.4 16.2 16.6 14.7 

Dhaka 12043977 6555792 5488185 77.4 8229 32.3 30.7 34.3 8.3 7.8 8.9 104 61.9 28.8 39.0 25.9 12.5 15.8 11.5 

Dinajpur 2990128 1508670 1481458 15.2 868 37.4 38.8 35.9 9.9 10.0 9.8 104 54.6 37.7 39.3 30.4 11.0 10.7 13.0 

Faridpur 1912969 942245 970724 14.2 932 40.7 42.6 38.9 10.4 10.7 10.2 102 51.5 33.0 33.8 29.1 15.3 15.1 16.9 

Feni 1437371 694128 743243 20.4 1451 42.1 44.6 39.7 10.6 11.1 10.0 104 52.8 24.2 23.8 25.9 29.2 30.9 22.9 

Gaibandha 2379255 1169127 1210128 8.8 1125 39.4 42.1 36.7 11.0 11.4 10.6 104 52.3 43.4 44.4 35.5 16.1 16.3 13.9 

Gazipur 3403912 1775310 1628602 30.5 1884 32.5 32.2 32.9 8.8 8.6 9.0 103 61.8 39.4 40.5 37.1 13.0 13.5 11.9 

Gopalganj 1172415 577868 594547 11.0 798 42.4 44.7 40.2 10.7 11.1 10.4 104 50.1 31.7 32.1 28.9 17.8 17.8 17.7 

131


District 


Urban 

population 

(%) 

Population 

density 

(population/ 

per sq km) 


years (%) 


years (%) 


Sex 

ratio 

under 

five 

Proportion 

women in 

childbearing 

age (15-49 

years) (%) 


(15-19 years) (%) 

Rural 




Habiganj 2089001 1025591 1063410 11.7 792 45.8 47.7 43.9 13.3 13.7 13.0 102 48.4 20.5 20.9 18.0 17.9 18.1 16.3 

Joypurhat 913768 459284 454484 15.7 903 33.0 34.6 31.3 8.4 8.5 8.4 102 57.5 43.5 45.3 35.9 10.3 10.2 10.7 

Jamalpur 2292674 1128724 1163950 16.9 1084 40.4 43.2 37.7 11.1 11.4 10.7 103 51.2 40.5 41.8 35.5 15.3 15.3 15.0 

Jessore 2764547 1386293 1378254 18.6 1060 35.5 36.9 34.1 8.9 9.0 8.8 103 56.4 41.1 42.6 35.5 10.5 10.1 12.6 

Jhalokati 682669 329147 353522 16.4 966 40.2 42.7 37.9 9.3 9.7 8.9 101 51.0 30.9 31.3 29.3 19.7 20.1 17.7 

Jhenaidah 1771304 886402 884902 15.8 902 35.9 37.4 34.4 9.0 9.1 8.9 102 55.2 41.1 42.0 36.9 9.9 9.4 13.0 

613917 313793 300124 35.2 223 43.1 43.6 42.6 11.4 11.3 11.4 103 50.6 26.7 27.2 25.9 12.5 11.3 14.7 

Khulna 2318527 1175686 1142841 33.5 528 34.8 35.8 33.7 8.5 8.5 8.4 104 56.7 36.9 40.3 31.1 12.1 11.3 13.5 

Kishoregonj 2911907 1432242 1479665 16.8 1083 45.2 47.4 43.0 12.8 13.2 12.4 103 47.6 31.7 33.0 26.8 18.9 19.0 18.2 

Kurigram 2069273 1010442 1058831 15.8 922 40.0 43.0 37.1 11.2 11.6 10.7 104 52.2 47.8 49.2 41.8 17.9 18.3 15.7 

Kushtia 1946838 973518 973320 12.1 1210 35.7 37.4 34.0 9.1 9.2 9.0 103 55.3 42.8 44.6 32.4 11.1 10.9 13.1 

Lakshmipur 1729188 827780 901408 15.2 1200 45.2 48.3 42.4 11.9 12.6 11.2 103 50.3 31.3 31.7 28.9 26.5 27.2 22.7 

Lalmonirhat 1256099 628799 627300 10.3 1007 41.0 42.9 39.1 10.9 11.0 10.8 103 51.7 38.9 39.6 33.5 11.7 11.6 12.2 

Madaripur 1165952 574582 591370 13.5 1036 42.5 44.3 40.7 10.4 10.7 10.1 103 50.0 28.8 28.9 28.3 16.1 15.9 17.7 

Magura 918419 454739 463680 13.1 884 38.9 41.2 36.7 9.8 10.1 9.6 104 52.6 34.7 35.2 31.7 11.7 11.5 12.8 

Manikganj 1392867 676359 716508 9.2 1007 36.4 38.8 34.1 9.5 9.9 9.1 103 53.4 41.3 42.0 35.8 18.0 18.1 16.8 

Meherpur 655392 324634 330758 12.7 872 33.9 35.9 32.0 8.6 8.8 8.4 103 57.4 53.7 55.6 42.0 11.8 11.6 12.7 

Maulvibazar 1919062 944728 974334 10.8 686 43.5 44.9 42.1 11.4 11.7 11.1 102 51.7 15.5 15.2 17.2 19.0 19.4 15.7 

Munshiganj 1445660 721552 724108 12.9 1439 38.5 39.6 37.4 9.8 10.0 9.6 104 54.3 28.5 28.3 29.6 19.7 20.2 16.7 

Total 

Urban 

Khagrachhari 

Mymensingh 

5110272 2539124 2571148 15.6 1163 42.7 44.6 40.8 11.9 12.1 11.7 102 49.1 34.0 35.6 27.7 14.5 14.6 13.8 

Naogaon 2600157 1300227 1299930 10.6 757 33.8 35.7 31.8 8.7 8.8 8.5 103 57.3 45.3 46.5 37.6 10.6 10.6 10.6 

Narail 721668 353527 368141 15.6 746 39.9 42.4 37.4 10.3 10.7 9.9 103 51.3 39.1 39.8 35.5 16.2 16.3 15.4 

132

ANNEX-3A 

District 


Urban 

population 

(%) 

Population 

density 

(population/ 

per sq km) 


years (%) 


years (%) 


Sex 

ratio 

under 

five 

Proportion 

women in 

childbearing 

age (15-49 

years) (%) 


(15-19 years) (%) 

Rural 

Total 

Urban 




Narayanganj 2948217 1521438 1426779 33.5 4308 37.2 37.0 37.4 9.8 9.7 9.9 104 58.1 32.8 34.0 30.4 13.2 13.6 12.6 

Narsingdi 2224944 1102943 1122001 20.1 1934 42.8 44.7 40.8 11.3 11.5 11.0 103 51.2 33.4 33.8 32.2 17.9 18.4 15.6 

Natore 1706673 854183 852490 13.4 898 35.0 36.8 33.2 9.1 9.3 9.0 103 56.5 42.7 43.5 38.4 11.1 10.9 12.1 

Chapai 

Nawabganj 

1647521 810218 837303 19.4 968 40.3 42.4 38.3 10.5 10.8 10.3 101 54.0 48.0 49.0 44.3 15.3 13.9 21.1 

Netrakona 2229642 1111306 1118336 11.1 798 44.6 46.5 42.7 12.7 12.9 12.5 102 46.9 28.1 28.8 23.8 16.8 17.0 15.0 

Nilphamari 1834231 922964 911267 15.8 1186 41.7 43.4 39.9 11.3 11.4 11.2 104 52.1 36.3 39.1 25.5 11.1 11.1 11.0 

Noakhali 3108083 1485169 1622914 16.0 843 46.7 49.7 43.9 12.3 13.0 11.6 103 49.7 26.7 27.0 24.9 27.5 28.3 23.1 

Pabna 2523179 1262934 1260245 15.4 1062 38.3 40.0 36.6 10.4 10.5 10.3 102 53.9 39.6 40.8 34.3 11.2 11.1 11.9 

Panchagarh 987644 496725 490919 9.6 703 40.6 41.9 39.3 11.0 11.1 10.9 104 53.3 31.0 31.6 26.4 10.0 9.9 10.9 

Patuakhali 1535854 753441 782413 13.1 477 40.6 43.0 38.3 10.4 10.7 10.2 102 50.7 37.9 38.8 32.8 15.6 16.0 12.8 

Pirojpur 1113257 548228 565029 16.4 871 38.9 40.7 37.2 9.6 9.8 9.4 101 51.6 35.7 35.8 35.2 15.3 15.2 15.5 

Rajshahi 2595197 1309890 1285307 32.9 1070 34.5 36.1 32.9 8.4 8.4 8.3 103 57.9 37.6 41.2 32.1 11.5 10.8 13.1 

Rajbari 1049778 519999 529779 13.0 961 38.6 40.4 36.9 10.0 10.3 9.8 103 52.8 34.9 35.8 29.7 11.6 11.3 13.6 

Rangamati 595979 313076 282903 26.8 97 40.6 40.5 40.8 10.5 10.2 10.8 104 52.6 22.3 23.3 20.1 9.8 8.6 13.0 

Rangpur 2881086 1443816 1437270 15.4 1200 38.0 39.6 36.3 10.0 10.1 9.8 104 53.8 36.4 39.5 24.4 13.2 13.0 14.2 

Shariatpur 1155824 559075 596749 11.3 984 44.3 46.2 42.4 11.3 11.8 10.8 102 48.5 24.8 24.6 26.3 19.4 19.4 19.2 

Satkhira 1985959 982777 1003182 10.0 520 35.5 37.3 33.7 8.6 8.8 8.4 103 56.2 40.9 41.4 37.0 12.6 12.7 12.0 

Sirajganj 3097489 1551368 1546121 14.1 1290 40.3 42.2 38.4 11.0 11.2 10.9 103 52.3 40.6 41.6 35.7 12.2 12.2 12.5 

Sherpur 1358325 676388 681937 13.8 995 41.4 43.7 39.2 11.4 11.6 11.2 102 50.1 39.7 40.6 35.5 13.4 13.6 12.5 

Sunamganj 2467968 1236106 1231862 10.4 659 47.6 48.8 46.3 14.4 14.5 14.3 102 46.1 16.4 16.6 14.8 14.9 15.0 13.8 

Sylhet 3434188 1726965 1707223 21.9 995 45.3 46.0 44.6 12.2 12.3 12.1 103 50.4 13.5 13.0 15.6 19.3 20.5 15.5 

133


District 


Urban 

population 

(%) 

Population 

density 

(population/ 

per sq km) 


years (%) 


years (%) 


Sex 

ratio 

under 

five 

Proportion 

women in 

childbearing 

age (15-49 

years) (%) 


(15-19 years) (%) 

Rural 

Total 

Urban 




Tangail 3605083 1757370 1847713 15.1 1056 36.8 39.6 34.1 9.7 10.0 9.4 102 54.1 44.2 46.2 35.3 17.7 17.9 16.5 

Thakurgaon 1390042 701281 688761 11.6 780 40.2 41.5 38.8 10.6 10.7 10.5 104 53.4 32.0 32.9 26.4 9.6 9.5 10.5 

Bangladesh 144043697 72109796 71933901 23.3 968 39.7 41.0 38.3 10.5 10.6 10.3 103 53.4 32.5 34.1 27.9 15.6 16.0 14.0 

Range 11655642 6352442 5303200 68.6 8142 16.6 20.0 17.2 6.1 6.8 5.9 3.0 15.8 40.1 42.6 29.5 20.4 22.4 13.0 

Minimum 388335 203350 184985 8.8 87 32.3 30.7 31.3 8.3 7.8 8.3 101.0 46.1 13.5 13.0 14.8 8.9 8.4 10.1 

Maximum 12043977 6555792 5488185 77.4 8229 49.0 50.7 48.6 14.4 14.5 14.3 104.0 61.9 53.7 55.6 44.3 29.2 30.9 23.1 

Mean 2250683 1126716 1123967 18.1 1121 40.1 41.8 38.4 10.5 10.7 10.3 103.0 52.7 34.4 35.5 30.6 15.3 15.5 14.8 

S.D. 1743028 919555 827028 10.2 1049 4.1 4.4 4.0 1.4 1.5 1.4 0.8 3.4 8.5 9.1 6.5 4.7 5.2 3.2 

134

ANNEX-3A 

Annex Table 3.1: Literacy and school attendance of children and young population by district, Bangladesh 2011 

District 


(15-24 years) (%) 

Adult literacy rate (15 years and 

above) (%) 

School attendance rate at 

five (%) 

NAR at primary school 

(6-10 years) (%) 


primary (%) 

Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls 

Bagerhat 82.2 78.5 85.4 60.7 62.8 58.6 22.5 22.3 22.7 64.0 63.3 64.8 81.7 80.9 82.4 

Bandarban 52.5 56.2 49.1 36.1 42.3 29.3 28.3 28.8 27.7 50.7 51.2 50.1 68.4 69.5 67.1 

Barguna 81.8 80.3 83.0 58.9 61.7 56.4 29.8 28.5 31.2 65.0 64.5 65.4 83.4 82.9 84.0 

Barisal 83.6 81.3 85.5 63.5 65.4 61.7 26.8 26.3 27.4 63.2 62.6 63.9 81.0 80.1 81.9 

Bhola 64.7 62.9 66.1 44.0 45.6 42.4 15.2 14.9 15.6 56.7 55.4 58.2 71.0 69.5 72.5 

Bogra 75.2 76.0 74.6 49.1 53.9 44.3 21.2 20.9 21.6 59.9 59.0 60.9 76.5 75.7 77.3 

Brahmanbaria 69.8 65.9 72.9 46.7 48.9 44.8 14.0 13.5 14.4 57.8 56.4 59.3 73.4 72.1 74.8 

Chandpur 82.0 76.8 86.0 59.2 59.9 58.6 23.4 22.9 23.9 62.6 61.7 63.5 80.6 79.7 81.5 

Chittagong 79.0 77.4 80.4 63.0 66.8 59.3 33.7 33.1 34.4 60.4 60.1 60.8 79.8 79.4 80.2 

Chuadanga 75.1 70.6 79.1 46.2 48.2 44.3 12.6 12.7 12.5 60.0 59.1 61.0 75.7 74.8 76.6 

Comilla 78.2 73.8 81.7 56.0 58.5 53.8 24.2 23.8 24.6 60.1 58.9 61.3 78.0 77.1 78.9 

Cox’s Bazar 60.6 58.2 62.9 41.2 44.1 38.3 20.9 20.7 21.2 56.7 55.2 58.3 71.5 70.1 73.0 

Dhaka 83.1 83.7 82.6 73.7 77.2 69.2 38.8 38.6 38.9 56.8 56.8 56.8 77.7 78.0 77.5 

Dinajpur 79.2 77.9 80.5 52.3 57.0 47.5 21.2 20.7 21.7 63.2 62.6 64.0 81.0 80.4 81.7 

Faridpur 75.7 72.2 78.7 49.7 52.6 47.0 17.2 16.9 17.5 60.7 59.5 62.1 77.2 76.0 78.4 

Feni 83.6 80.1 86.6 63.6 66.8 60.8 24.8 24.8 24.9 65.6 65.8 65.3 82.8 82.7 83.0 

Gaibandha 66.1 67.7 64.8 40.9 45.7 36.5 12.7 12.3 13.1 59.0 58.6 59.5 73.1 72.8 73.5 

Gazipur 82.1 82.9 81.4 65.2 69.6 60.3 30.6 30.7 30.5 58.7 58.6 58.9 77.7 77.7 77.8 

Gopalganj 80.3 78.8 81.7 59.5 63.2 56.0 22.0 22.0 21.9 61.7 60.6 62.8 79.1 78.4 79.9 

Habiganj 61.7 59.3 63.7 41.4 44.8 38.2 13.2 13.0 13.5 56.5 55.1 57.9 72.6 71.3 74.0 

Joypurhat 84.1 83.5 84.5 55.9 61.1 50.8 23.3 22.0 24.6 63.5 62.8 64.4 81.0 80.3 81.9 

135


District 


(15-24 years) (%) 


above) (%) 


five (%) 


(6-10 years) (%) 


primary (%) 


Jamalpur 63.2 65.4 61.5 35.9 39.6 32.6 15.9 15.9 15.9 58.5 57.8 59.2 74.1 73.7 74.6 

Jessore 84.3 82.3 86.0 57.1 61.3 52.9 27.1 26.6 27.5 64.8 64.0 65.7 82.4 81.7 83.2 

Jhalokati 88.4 86.1 90.3 68.8 71.0 66.8 27.8 27.2 28.5 66.2 65.9 66.6 85.1 84.4 85.9 

Jhenaidah 77.8 74.8 80.5 48.2 51.4 45.0 17.0 16.9 17.0 62.4 61.3 63.6 79.0 78.0 80.1 

Khagrachhari 69.6 72.9 66.5 47.1 55.2 38.6 23.3 22.6 24.1 61.5 61.4 61.5 79.0 79.2 78.8 

Khulna 83.6 83.4 83.7 61.8 67.6 56.0 28.8 28.6 29.0 62.7 61.9 63.6 81.8 81.2 82.4 

Kishoregonj 65.2 61.3 68.6 41.2 43.4 39.2 15.9 15.7 16.1 59.0 57.3 60.8 75.8 74.5 77.2 

Kurigram 68.3 70.6 66.6 40.7 46.3 35.8 9.4 9.2 9.6 61.7 61.1 62.3 74.7 74.2 75.3 

Kushtia 74.8 72.4 76.9 45.8 48.4 43.2 17.6 17.2 18.0 61.8 61.0 62.7 76.6 75.6 77.5 

Lakshmipur 72.9 69.5 75.6 52.5 53.4 51.8 16.1 16.2 16.0 58.3 57.3 59.4 74.0 73.0 75.0 

Lalmonirhat 72.3 72.0 72.5 45.3 50.2 40.5 12.3 11.6 13.0 62.4 61.5 63.4 78.2 77.2 79.1 

Madaripur 74.1 72.4 75.6 48.1 51.9 44.6 21.5 21.5 21.6 60.5 60.1 61.0 78.0 77.5 78.5 

Magura 78.9 75.9 81.4 50.3 53.9 47.0 15.5 15.5 15.5 64.4 63.7 65.1 81.3 80.9 81.7 

Manikganj 80.2 80.1 80.4 48.3 53.1 44.0 21.6 21.3 21.8 62.5 62.0 63.1 79.2 78.9 79.6 

Meherpur 76.5 72.5 80.0 44.9 46.4 43.5 18.4 17.3 19.4 63.9 63.1 64.7 79.4 78.3 80.5 

Maulvibazar 74.1 71.6 76.4 52.2 55.4 49.2 20.6 19.9 21.4 60.4 59.7 61.1 77.2 76.3 78.2 

Munshiganj 81.2 77.0 84.9 57.1 58.5 55.8 28.3 27.9 28.7 62.8 62.4 63.2 81.1 80.7 81.7 

Mymensingh 68.1 66.5 69.4 43.4 46.1 40.7 19.4 18.9 19.9 58.3 56.6 60.1 75.1 73.7 76.6 

Naogaon 74.1 72.0 76.0 48.1 52.4 43.8 18.8 18.3 19.3 61.5 60.4 62.6 77.9 76.8 79.0 

Narail 83.0 80.6 85.0 59.4 62.6 56.4 16.9 17.0 16.9 63.1 62.2 64.1 80.9 80.2 81.7 

Narayanganj 76.3 75.1 77.5 60.0 63.7 56.1 29.7 29.3 30.2 57.1 56.1 58.3 76.0 75.1 76.9 

Narsingdi 73.9 70.3 77.1 51.1 53.8 48.7 18.4 18.1 18.8 58.9 57.1 60.8 75.8 74.3 77.3 

136

ANNEX-3A 

District 


(15-24 years) (%) 


above) (%) 


five (%) 


(6-10 years) (%) 


primary (%) 


Natore 76.8 75.3 78.1 48.6 52.0 45.3 20.2 19.7 20.8 62.4 61.5 63.3 79.8 79.1 80.6 

Chapai 

Nawabganj 

68.7 61.2 75.0 43.6 43.2 43.9 14.2 13.1 15.4 57.2 54.5 59.9 73.7 71.3 76.2 

Netrakona 59.3 56.8 61.6 38.2 41.1 35.5 16.3 16.0 16.7 55.1 53.5 56.8 71.1 69.6 72.6 

Nilphamari 68.6 69.0 68.3 42.8 47.8 37.9 18.9 18.4 19.3 61.0 60.1 62.0 77.9 76.9 78.9 

Noakhali 75.3 72.2 77.7 55.8 57.6 54.3 17.3 16.9 17.9 57.2 56.4 58.1 74.7 74.1 75.3 

Pabna 71.2 69.4 72.7 46.0 48.1 44.0 21.6 21.6 21.6 58.5 57.3 59.7 75.6 74.4 77.0 

Panchagarh 77.7 76.4 78.9 50.5 55.7 45.4 12.8 12.7 12.9 65.5 64.9 66.1 82.1 81.4 82.8 

Patuakhali 76.9 76.0 77.7 55.0 58.7 51.7 19.9 19.6 20.2 60.6 60.1 61.2 77.5 76.9 78.2 

Pirojpur 85.7 82.1 88.8 67.0 68.2 65.9 25.3 24.5 26.2 64.7 64.2 65.2 83.2 82.4 84.1 

Rajshahi 81.6 80.0 83.2 53.2 57.4 49.0 21.7 21.0 22.4 62.6 61.9 63.3 80.6 79.8 81.5 

Rajbari 78.3 75.9 80.4 49.2 52.0 46.6 14.7 14.5 15.0 63.1 62.1 64.1 79.5 78.8 80.3 

Rangamati 68.3 72.6 64.0 50.3 59.1 40.5 34.1 34.1 34.2 56.9 57.5 56.2 77.3 77.9 76.6 

Rangpur 74.4 73.7 75.0 47.4 51.4 43.4 15.2 14.8 15.5 60.2 59.3 61.2 75.4 74.4 76.4 

Shariatpur 75.7 71.9 78.7 47.6 49.9 45.4 19.2 18.6 19.9 61.8 60.5 63.2 77.5 76.5 78.6 

Satkhira 80.7 79.6 81.7 52.5 58.2 47.2 22.5 22.5 22.6 65.3 64.7 65.9 81.6 81.0 82.2 

Sirajganj 64.5 65.5 63.7 41.6 46.1 37.2 15.3 15.4 15.2 58.1 57.2 59.0 72.9 72.4 73.4 

Sherpur 61.4 62.5 60.6 35.8 39.2 32.6 22.6 21.9 23.3 57.4 56.6 58.3 74.0 73.3 74.8 

Sunamganj 54.2 52.0 56.3 35.8 39.3 32.4 13.1 12.4 13.8 53.8 52.3 55.3 69.9 68.4 71.4 

Sylhet 73.6 71.9 75.2 53.7 57.7 49.8 23.1 23.0 23.2 60.2 59.6 60.8 77.8 77.0 78.6 

Tangail 74.3 74.4 74.2 45.7 50.2 41.7 19.9 19.5 20.2 60.8 59.7 61.9 78.0 77.2 78.7 

Thakurgaon 74.9 74.9 74.8 47.9 53.9 41.9 16.2 15.8 16.6 62.5 62.0 62.9 79.6 79.1 80.2 

Bangladesh 75.4 74.0 76.6 53.0 56.8 49.2 21.6 21.2 22.0 59.9 59.0 60.8 77.0 76.3 77.9 

137


District 


(15-24 years) (%) 


above) (%) 


five (%) 


(6-10 years) (%) 


primary (%) 


Range 35.9 34.1 41.2 37.9 38.0 39.9 29.4 29.4 29.4 15.5 14.7 16.5 16.8 15.9 18.8 

Minimum 52.5 52.0 49.1 35.8 39.2 29.3 9.4 9.2 9.6 50.7 51.2 50.1 68.4 68.4 67.1 

Maximum 88.4 86.1 90.3 73.7 77.2 69.2 38.8 38.6 38.9 66.2 65.9 66.6 85.1 84.4 85.9 

Mean 74.4 72.8 75.8 50.7 54.2 47.2 20.6 20.3 21.0 60.6 59.8 61.5 77.6 76.8 78.4 

S. D. 7.8 7.5 8.5 8.6 8.5 9.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 3.1 3.3 3.0 3.6 3.7 3.5 

138

ANNEX-3A 

Annex Table 3.1 (continued): Literacy and school attendance of children and young population by district, Bangladesh 2011 

District 

Proportion out of school 

children (6-10 years) (%) 

NAR at secondary school (11-15 

years) (%) 


secondary (%) 

Proportion out of school children 

(11-15 years) (%) 

Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls 

Bagerhat 18.3 19.1 17.6 63.7 57.8 70.1 82.2 77.7 87.0 17.8 22.3 13.0 

Bandarban 31.6 30.5 32.9 36.8 34.9 38.8 61.5 60.6 62.5 38.5 39.4 37.5 

Barguna 16.6 17.1 16.0 63.7 59.2 68.8 82.7 79.7 86.3 17.3 20.3 13.7 

Barisal 19.0 19.9 18.1 61.7 56.8 66.7 80.3 76.2 84.5 19.7 23.8 15.5 

Bhola 29.0 30.5 27.5 44.9 40.1 50.1 69.3 64.0 75.1 30.7 36.0 24.9 

Bogra 23.5 24.3 22.7 60.3 55.8 65.5 80.3 76.3 85.1 19.7 23.7 14.9 

Brahmanbaria 26.6 27.9 25.2 49.8 43.2 56.6 71.1 65.1 77.2 28.9 34.9 22.8 

Chandpur 19.4 20.3 18.5 60.3 53.5 67.1 80.5 75.5 85.4 19.5 24.5 14.6 

Chittagong 20.2 20.6 19.8 51.5 47.4 55.8 76.0 74.0 78.0 24.0 26.0 22.0 

Chuadanga 24.3 25.2 23.4 52.2 46.4 58.9 79.4 73.0 86.7 20.6 27.0 13.3 

Comilla 22.0 22.9 21.1 54.5 47.8 61.3 78.3 73.0 83.6 21.7 27.0 16.4 

Cox’s Bazar 28.5 29.9 27.0 37.2 31.0 43.8 63.9 57.9 70.1 36.1 42.1 29.9 

Dhaka 22.3 22.0 22.5 47.9 46.4 49.5 67.3 67.2 67.4 32.7 32.8 32.6 

Dinajpur 19.0 19.6 18.3 62.2 56.8 68.4 82.2 77.9 87.0 17.8 22.1 13.0 

Faridpur 22.8 24.0 21.6 54.1 47.9 60.5 77.6 71.7 83.8 22.4 28.3 16.2 

Feni 17.2 17.3 17.0 58.2 53.7 62.9 80.5 78.1 83.1 19.5 21.9 16.9 

Gaibandha 26.9 27.2 26.5 55.2 51.9 59.0 79.7 76.1 83.9 20.3 23.9 16.1 

Gazipur 22.3 22.3 22.2 55.1 52.2 58.1 74.2 73.1 75.3 25.8 26.9 24.7 

Gopalganj 20.9 21.6 20.1 60.4 56.7 64.4 79.9 76.5 83.5 20.1 23.5 16.5 

Habiganj 27.4 28.7 26.0 41.1 37.0 45.3 61.6 57.9 65.4 38.4 42.1 34.6 

Joypurhat 19.0 19.7 18.1 64.8 59.7 70.9 84.5 80.6 89.0 15.5 19.4 11.0 

Jamalpur 25.9 26.3 25.4 56.7 54.1 59.6 78.8 76.0 82.2 21.2 24.0 17.8 

Jessore 17.6 18.3 16.8 63.5 57.5 70.1 84.6 79.8 89.9 15.4 20.2 10.1 

139


District 




years) (%) 


secondary (%) 


(11-15 years) (%) 


Jhalokati 14.9 15.6 14.1 69.6 65.3 74.0 85.6 82.6 88.7 14.4 17.4 11.3 

Jhenaidah 21.0 22.0 19.9 62.7 57.4 68.6 83.8 78.8 89.3 16.2 21.2 10.7 

Khagrachhari 21.0 20.8 21.2 52.4 49.6 55.3 74.9 73.1 76.9 25.1 26.9 23.1 

Khulna 18.2 18.8 17.6 61.9 57.6 66.7 82.6 79.2 86.4 17.4 20.8 13.6 

Kishoregonj 24.2 25.5 22.8 48.5 42.1 55.3 72.0 65.5 78.9 28.0 34.5 21.1 

Kurigram 25.3 25.8 24.7 55.8 52.5 59.7 81.6 78.2 85.5 18.4 21.8 14.5 

Kushtia 23.4 24.4 22.5 59.2 53.6 65.5 81.9 76.7 87.8 18.1 23.3 12.2 

Lakshmipur 26.0 27.0 25.0 48.6 43.4 54.1 72.8 68.5 77.3 27.2 31.5 22.7 

Lalmonirhat 21.8 22.8 20.9 58.9 53.6 65.0 81.6 76.6 87.2 18.4 23.4 12.8 

Madaripur 22.0 22.5 21.5 54.9 50.1 60.0 77.1 73.3 81.2 22.9 26.7 18.8 

Magura 18.7 19.1 18.3 66.4 61.4 72.0 85.4 80.9 90.6 14.6 19.1 9.4 

Manikganj 20.8 21.1 20.4 59.3 56.4 62.5 82.3 79.7 85.1 17.7 20.3 14.9 

Meherpur 20.6 21.7 19.5 56.6 50.0 64.2 82.6 77.3 88.6 17.4 22.7 11.4 

Maulvibazar 22.8 23.7 21.8 48.2 43.5 52.9 69.1 65.8 72.4 30.9 34.2 27.6 

Munshiganj 18.9 19.3 18.3 55.5 49.7 61.6 78.4 74.6 82.4 21.6 25.4 17.6 

Mymensingh 24.9 26.3 23.4 52.8 47.4 58.7 73.7 68.6 79.3 26.3 31.4 20.7 

Naogaon 22.1 23.2 21.0 59.5 54.2 65.6 80.0 75.1 85.8 20.0 24.9 14.2 

Narail 19.1 19.8 18.3 63.4 59.5 67.9 82.7 78.6 87.2 17.3 21.4 12.8 

Narayanganj 24.0 24.9 23.1 47.3 42.4 52.3 67.3 63.8 70.9 32.7 36.2 29.1 

Narsingdi 24.2 25.7 22.7 52.5 45.5 60.2 75.7 69.2 82.7 24.3 30.8 17.3 

Natore 20.2 20.9 19.4 63.2 58.1 69.2 82.3 77.7 87.5 17.7 22.3 12.5 

Chapai Nawabganj 26.3 28.7 23.8 51.5 43.6 60.1 75.5 67.2 84.6 24.5 32.8 15.4 

Netrakona 28.9 30.4 27.4 47.4 42.9 52.6 66.9 62.0 72.5 33.1 38.0 27.5 

Nilphamari 22.1 23.1 21.1 55.4 50.4 61.0 77.0 71.9 82.8 23.0 28.1 17.2 

140

ANNEX-3A 

District 




years) (%) 


secondary (%) 


(11-15 years) (%) 


Noakhali 25.3 25.9 24.7 48.9 43.5 54.3 74.8 71.2 78.4 25.2 28.8 21.6 

Pabna 24.4 25.6 23.0 57.5 52.5 63.2 78.8 73.5 84.8 21.2 26.5 15.2 

Panchagarh 17.9 18.6 17.2 64.8 58.6 71.4 81.0 75.3 87.0 19.0 24.7 13.0 

Patuakhali 22.5 23.1 21.8 60.1 56.3 64.4 78.9 75.8 82.4 21.1 24.2 17.6 

Pirojpur 16.8 17.6 15.9 64.7 58.3 71.5 82.4 77.8 87.4 17.6 22.2 12.6 

Rajshahi 19.4 20.2 18.5 64.3 59.0 70.3 84.0 79.3 89.3 16.0 20.7 10.7 

Rajbari 20.5 21.2 19.7 62.8 57.3 68.9 83.2 77.8 88.9 16.8 22.2 11.1 

Rangamati 22.7 22.1 23.4 53.7 52.8 54.8 73.1 72.8 73.5 26.9 27.2 26.5 

Rangpur 24.6 25.6 23.6 57.3 52.4 62.7 79.9 75.6 84.8 20.1 24.4 15.2 

Shariatpur 22.5 23.5 21.4 48.3 42.0 54.4 76.5 71.8 81.1 23.5 28.2 18.9 

Satkhira 18.4 19.0 17.8 64.6 59.2 70.4 83.3 78.7 88.3 16.7 21.3 11.7 

Sirajganj 27.1 27.6 26.6 53.8 50.5 57.6 75.7 71.9 80.3 24.3 28.1 19.7 

Sherpur 26.0 26.7 25.2 54.7 51.1 58.9 76.1 72.5 80.4 23.9 27.5 19.6 

Sunamganj 30.1 31.6 28.6 34.5 31.4 37.8 59.1 55.3 63.2 40.9 44.7 36.8 

Sylhet 22.2 23.0 21.4 46.4 43.2 49.8 68.2 65.6 70.8 31.8 34.4 29.2 

Tangail 22.0 22.8 21.3 62.2 59.2 65.8 81.6 78.5 85.3 18.4 21.5 14.7 

Thakurgaon 20.4 20.9 19.8 63.3 59.2 67.8 81.8 78.1 85.9 18.2 21.9 14.1 

Bangladesh 23.0 23.7 22.1 54.3 49.7 59.3 76.0 72.2 80.2 24.0 27.8 19.8 

Range 16.8 15.9 18.8 35.1 34.3 36.2 26.5 27.4 28.1 26.5 27.4 28.1 

Minimum 14.9 15.6 14.1 34.5 31.0 37.8 59.1 55.3 62.5 14.4 17.4 9.4 

Maximum 31.6 31.6 32.9 69.6 65.3 74.0 85.6 82.6 90.6 40.9 44.7 37.5 

Mean 22.4 23.2 21.6 55.8 51.0 61.0 77.3 73.2 81.8 22.7 26.8 18.2 

S. D. 3.6 3.7 3.5 7.6 7.5 8.0 6.3 6.2 6.8 6.3 6.2 6.8 

141


Annex Table 4.1: Distribution of child worker (real) aged 10-14 years by gender and district, Bangladesh 2011 

District 

% of real child 

worker (aged 10-14 

years) 

% of real child worker in 

rural (aged 10-14 years) 


in urban (aged 10-14 

years) 

% of real child worker (aged 10-14 years) employed by the 

following sector 

Agriculture Industry Service 

Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls 

Bagerhat 3.0 5.2 0.5 2.9 5.2 0.5 3.2 5.4 0.8 52.7 54.9 29.4 9.1 8.4 16.1 38.2 36.7 54.5 

Bandarban 11.8 14.8 8.5 14.3 17.1 11.1 5.6 8.9 1.9 82.8 78.6 90.8 5.7 7.4 2.3 11.5 13.9 6.9 

Barguna 3.2 5.4 0.7 3.2 5.4 0.7 3.4 5.2 1.3 64.1 66.7 42.8 10.6 10.1 14.4 25.4 23.2 42.8 

Barisal 3.9 6.4 1.2 3.6 6.3 0.8 4.9 6.8 2.9 52.2 56.3 29.7 13.1 12.5 16.3 34.7 31.2 54.0 

Bhola 6.7 11.3 1.7 6.9 11.8 1.6 5.1 7.8 2.3 70.4 72.4 56.2 7.4 7.4 7.3 22.2 20.2 36.6 

Bogra 4.9 8.1 1.2 4.5 7.8 0.7 6.5 9.4 3.3 43.4 46.5 20.7 21.0 22.0 13.6 35.6 31.5 65.7 

Brahmanbaria 5.3 9.2 1.4 5.2 9.1 1.2 6.4 10.2 2.6 47.2 49.2 33.3 14.1 14.1 14.0 38.7 36.6 52.7 

Chandpur 3.0 5.2 0.8 2.8 5.0 0.6 3.7 5.9 1.3 44.9 47.7 26.4 16.9 17.3 14.0 38.1 35.0 59.6 

Chittagong 6.2 8.1 4.2 3.8 6.2 1.3 10.3 11.5 9.1 13.7 17.4 5.9 28.1 23.6 37.4 58.2 59.0 56.7 

Chuadanga 5.7 9.3 1.8 6.1 9.8 2.1 4.6 8.1 0.8 47.4 53.5 12.3 7.8 8.8 2.3 44.8 37.7 85.4 

Comilla 3.8 6.4 1.1 3.5 6.1 0.8 5.8 8.2 3.2 34.2 37.3 15.9 16.9 16.6 18.9 48.9 46.1 65.3 

Cox’s Bazar 9.4 16.0 2.5 9.1 15.7 2.1 10.7 17.2 3.9 49.0 51.0 35.4 8.2 8.4 7.1 42.8 40.6 57.5 

Dhaka 14.6 16.2 12.9 9.4 12.5 6.0 16.2 17.3 14.9 1.3 2.0 0.5 30.9 32.5 28.6 67.8 65.5 70.9 

Dinajpur 4.4 7.5 1.1 4.2 7.4 0.7 5.5 7.8 3.0 50.0 53.8 20.2 9.1 9.3 7.4 41.0 36.9 72.3 

Faridpur 4.7 8.3 0.9 4.6 8.3 0.7 5.0 8.1 1.8 52.9 55.6 26.0 17.1 16.8 20.3 30.0 27.6 53.7 

Feni 3.4 5.6 1.1 3.0 5.2 0.6 5.1 7.0 2.9 18.1 19.6 9.3 19.4 20.1 15.5 62.5 60.3 75.2 

Gaibandha 4.4 7.2 1.1 4.2 7.2 0.9 5.5 7.7 3.3 63.4 67.1 37.2 8.2 8.3 7.4 28.4 24.6 55.4 

Gazipur 8.9 10.0 7.8 7.6 8.7 6.3 12.1 12.9 11.2 7.6 11.9 1.5 58.9 49.0 72.6 33.5 39.0 25.9 

Gopalganj 3.9 6.9 0.7 3.8 6.9 0.6 4.2 7.1 1.1 67.2 69.2 45.0 7.7 7.3 13.1 25.0 23.5 41.9 

Habiganj 8.2 14.1 2.0 8.4 14.5 2.0 7.0 11.4 2.4 67.0 69.3 50.6 6.5 6.2 9.1 26.4 24.5 40.4 

Joypurhat 3.3 5.5 0.9 3.3 5.6 0.7 3.4 4.9 1.7 61.9 64.5 43.9 7.1 7.4 5.1 31.0 28.2 50.9 

Jamalpur 4.3 6.9 1.3 4.3 7.0 1.1 4.4 6.6 1.9 66.2 70.0 43.2 8.7 7.6 15.2 25.1 22.4 41.6 

Jessore 3.5 6.1 0.7 3.1 5.6 0.4 5.2 8.2 1.8 36.1 38.1 15.9 20.2 20.1 21.7 43.7 41.8 62.4 

Jhalokati 2.2 3.7 0.6 2.1 3.6 0.5 2.5 4.2 0.8 43.7 44.8 35.5 16.5 16.9 13.6 39.6 38.2 49.6 

142

ANNEX-3A 

District 



years) 





years) 





Jhenaidah 3.8 6.9 0.5 3.8 6.8 0.5 4.2 7.3 0.8 60.8 62.7 33.6 11.8 11.1 21.7 27.4 26.1 44.7 

Khagrachhari 4.8 6.9 2.5 5.1 7.0 3.0 4.2 6.6 1.5 67.2 64.3 75.4 5.9 6.9 2.8 27.0 28.8 21.8 

Khulna 3.8 6.2 1.1 3.5 6.0 0.8 4.3 6.7 1.7 32.4 35.2 14.9 18.5 17.9 22.3 49.1 46.9 62.8 

Kishoregonj 6.4 11.1 1.4 6.4 11.3 1.2 6.2 10.0 2.2 56.1 58.7 34.6 14.0 13.4 19.3 29.9 28.0 46.1 

Kurigram 3.5 6.0 0.7 3.4 6.0 0.5 4.1 6.2 1.9 68.5 71.9 37.3 7.7 7.8 7.6 23.8 20.3 55.1 

Kushtia 4.2 7.3 0.8 4.1 7.3 0.6 5.0 7.5 2.2 48.3 50.2 29.3 15.3 15.3 15.9 36.4 34.5 54.8 

Lakshmipur 4.3 7.3 1.3 4.4 7.4 1.2 4.0 6.2 1.7 56.3 58.3 43.9 12.4 12.4 12.1 31.4 29.3 44.0 

Lalmonirhat 5.7 9.7 1.3 5.6 9.7 1.2 6.3 10.0 2.4 68.2 70.8 47.7 8.5 8.7 7.4 23.3 20.5 44.9 

Madaripur 4.3 7.2 1.2 4.3 7.3 1.2 4.0 6.8 1.2 50.4 52.7 36.6 17.2 17.7 14.0 32.4 29.6 49.4 

Magura 3.6 6.4 0.4 3.6 6.5 0.4 3.4 5.7 0.8 62.6 64.3 34.8 9.3 9.0 14.0 28.1 26.7 51.1 

Manikganj 3.1 5.3 0.7 3.0 5.2 0.6 3.7 5.7 1.6 48.1 52.3 15.5 20.5 17.4 44.5 31.4 30.3 39.9 

Meherpur 3.5 6.3 0.4 3.5 6.2 0.4 3.7 6.5 0.5 67.1 68.0 51.8 3.0 2.8 5.8 29.9 29.2 42.3 

Maulvibazar 5.8 9.5 1.9 5.7 9.5 1.8 6.6 9.8 3.1 47.0 49.2 35.9 11.4 10.9 13.9 41.6 39.9 50.2 

Munshiganj 5.4 8.3 2.4 5.1 7.8 2.2 7.9 11.5 4.2 27.7 29.5 21.2 29.3 28.5 32.1 43.0 41.9 46.7 

Mymensingh 5.8 9.5 1.7 5.6 9.5 1.5 6.6 9.7 3.1 48.6 53.0 21.9 16.6 14.4 29.6 34.9 32.6 48.5 

Naogaon 5.2 8.9 1.0 5.1 8.9 0.8 5.8 9.0 2.3 69.8 72.3 44.5 7.4 7.6 5.7 22.8 20.1 49.8 

Narail 3.4 6.1 0.5 3.3 6.0 0.4 4.0 6.7 1.0 66.0 68.9 26.6 9.7 9.2 16.1 24.3 21.9 57.3 

Narayanganj 13.2 16.4 9.8 12.9 16.1 9.5 13.8 16.9 10.5 3.6 5.1 0.9 58.6 54.3 66.2 37.8 40.6 33.0 

Narsingdi 6.0 9.7 1.9 5.6 9.3 1.7 7.5 11.7 2.8 21.3 23.7 8.0 37.4 36.5 42.6 41.3 39.8 49.4 

Natore 4.1 7.1 0.7 4.0 7.1 0.5 4.5 7.1 1.6 69.5 71.8 42.6 6.4 6.1 9.6 24.1 22.0 47.9 


6.2 11.4 0.7 6.3 11.8 0.7 5.6 10.0 1.0 60.4 62.3 30.0 8.6 8.2 15.1 31.1 29.6 54.9 

Netrakona 8.4 14.4 1.8 8.7 15.0 1.7 6.6 10.2 2.7 78.6 81.2 55.5 5.1 4.6 9.6 16.3 14.2 34.8 

Nilphamari 5.5 9.1 1.6 5.1 8.7 1.1 7.5 11.1 3.7 60.8 65.5 30.9 10.4 10.0 13.0 28.7 24.4 56.1 

Noakhali 4.4 7.1 1.5 4.3 7.2 1.2 4.9 6.6 3.0 50.3 52.2 40.9 10.1 10.4 8.6 39.5 37.3 50.5 

Pabna 5.5 9.6 1.0 5.5 9.7 0.8 5.4 8.8 1.7 54.5 56.5 32.6 17.5 17.2 21.2 28.0 26.3 46.2 

143


District 



years) 





years) 





Panchagarh 4.3 7.5 0.9 4.2 7.5 0.7 5.8 8.0 3.4 55.9 59.6 24.9 11.2 11.3 10.3 32.9 29.1 64.9 

Patuakhali 5.0 8.2 1.5 5.1 8.4 1.5 4.5 6.7 2.1 63.7 66.0 49.5 9.5 9.4 10.4 26.8 24.6 40.1 

Pirojpur 3.2 5.6 0.7 3.2 5.7 0.6 3.3 5.3 0.9 46.8 49.0 27.6 12.9 12.2 19.3 40.3 38.8 53.1 

Rajshahi 3.9 6.5 0.9 3.5 6.2 0.5 4.6 7.3 1.8 56.3 60.0 26.6 10.3 11.0 4.2 33.5 29.0 69.2 

Rajbari 4.1 7.5 0.5 4.1 7.6 0.4 4.1 6.9 1.1 58.3 60.1 30.2 13.6 13.1 20.7 28.2 26.8 49.2 

Rangamati 7.5 9.6 5.2 8.5 10.3 6.5 4.9 7.9 1.5 75.9 72.9 82.2 5.8 7.4 2.5 18.3 19.7 15.3 

Rangpur 4.4 7.0 1.5 3.9 6.7 0.8 7.1 8.9 5.1 49.8 55.1 22.6 14.5 14.6 14.2 35.7 30.4 63.2 

Shariatpur 5.2 9.1 1.3 5.3 9.3 1.4 4.1 7.4 0.6 53.0 54.6 41.6 17.5 17.3 18.4 29.5 28.0 40.0 

Satkhira 3.3 5.9 0.6 3.2 5.8 0.5 4.3 7.0 1.3 59.7 61.4 41.4 8.4 8.1 10.6 32.0 30.5 48.0 

Sirajganj 5.7 9.6 1.4 5.7 9.6 1.3 6.0 9.5 2.2 39.9 42.8 18.2 37.1 35.5 48.7 23.0 21.6 33.1 

Sherpur 4.8 7.6 1.6 4.5 7.2 1.5 6.2 9.8 2.2 56.1 59.8 35.4 12.9 12.0 17.4 31.1 28.1 47.2 

Sunamganj 9.4 16.2 2.0 9.5 16.5 1.9 7.9 12.7 2.9 78.2 80.0 62.2 3.8 3.7 4.8 18.0 16.2 33.0 

Sylhet 6.7 11.0 2.1 6.2 10.6 1.6 8.6 12.5 4.3 39.5 42.7 21.7 15.5 15.6 14.7 45.0 41.7 63.6 

Tangail 3.9 6.5 1.0 3.9 6.6 0.8 4.2 6.2 1.8 40.7 43.9 17.3 20.5 18.7 34.5 38.8 37.5 48.3 

Thakurgaon 4.0 6.7 1.1 3.9 6.9 0.8 4.7 5.5 3.8 59.9 64.2 32.0 6.5 6.7 5.0 33.7 29.1 63.0 

Bangladesh 6.0 9.1 2.6 5.1 8.5 1.5 9.0 11.3 6.6 38.9 45.0 15.6 20.4 18.2 29.1 40.7 36.8 55.3 

Range 12.4 12.7 12.5 12.2 13.5 10.7 13.6 13.2 14.5 81.5 79.2 90.4 55.9 51.5 70.3 56.3 51.6 78.6 

Minimum 2.2 3.7 0.4 2.1 3.6 0.4 2.5 4.2 0.5 1.3 2.0 0.5 3.0 2.8 2.3 11.5 13.9 6.9 

Maximum 14.6 16.4 12.9 14.3 17.1 11.1 16.2 17.3 14.9 82.8 81.2 90.8 58.9 54.3 72.6 67.8 65.5 85.4 

Mean 5.3 8.5 1.8 5.1 8.4 1.6 5.7 8.5 2.7 51.8 54.2 32.9 14.7 14.3 17.2 33.5 31.5 49.9 

S. D. 2.4 3.0 2.3 2.3 3.0 2.0 2.5 2.8 2.5 17.6 17.4 17.8 10.8 9.8 13.8 10.3 10.2 13.6 

144

ANNEX-3A 

Annex Table 5.1: Types of houses and access to sanitation and electricity by district, Bangladesh 2011 

District 


live in pucca 

houses 


live in semi-pucca 

houses 

% of households live 

in kutcha houses 


live in jhupri 


having no access to 

sanitary toilet 


without electricity 

connection 

Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban 

% of 

households 

with NO 

access to 

sanitation 

AND 

electricity 

connection 

% of 

households 

with 

access to 

sanitation 

AND 

electricity 

connection 

Bagerhat 5.1 3.1 18.9 11.8 10.5 20.4 78.3 81.6 55.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 21.3 22.7 12.1 59.2 63.7 28.4 15.7 35.2 

Bandarban 3.6 1.3 10.2 5.4 2.9 12.6 85.2 89.7 71.9 5.9 6.1 5.3 73.4 81.6 49.4 71.8 82.3 41.3 61.6 16.4 

Barguna 2.0 1.1 8.8 4.8 3.2 17.3 89.6 91.8 72.2 3.6 3.9 1.6 26.2 27.0 19.5 71.2 76.2 32.5 22.1 24.7 

Barisal 7.3 2.7 23.4 10.9 7.1 24.6 80.0 88.3 50.7 1.8 1.9 1.3 17.5 18.1 15.3 46.5 55.5 14.6 11.5 47.4 

Bhola 1.7 1.0 6.2 7.6 5.4 21.8 86.3 88.8 69.6 4.5 4.8 2.4 39.7 41.7 26.9 74.1 79.0 42.3 34.5 20.7 

Bogra 5.7 2.2 21.2 20.8 16.0 42.4 72.1 80.6 33.9 1.4 1.2 2.4 34.7 38.3 18.0 47.4 53.7 18.9 22.7 40.6 

8.2 5.1 24.7 13.7 11.6 24.8 77.0 82.1 50.0 1.1 1.2 0.4 29.8 32.8 14.3 28.7 32.5 8.5 13.0 54.5 

Chandpur 7.3 5.1 17.2 8.8 7.1 16.6 83.3 87.3 65.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 30.6 32.3 22.7 44.4 49.6 20.7 16.3 41.3 

25.0 13.2 40.4 20.6 13.3 30.2 48.3 65.8 25.3 6.1 7.7 4.0 22.8 30.1 13.3 20.9 33.0 5.1 10.1 66.4 

Brahmanbaria 

Chittagong 

Chuadanga 

22.1 17.6 34.3 27.7 26.4 31.5 46.5 51.9 31.7 3.7 4.1 2.5 54.7 59.7 41.1 39.4 43.4 28.5 29.1 35.0 

Comilla 9.9 6.9 26.2 15.7 14.0 25.4 73.0 78.0 46.4 1.3 1.2 2.1 23.3 24.3 17.8 25.1 28.2 8.3 8.5 60.1 

Cox’s 

Bazar 

6.2 3.9 14.2 11.6 8.9 21.3 68.9 73.9 51.3 13.3 13.3 13.3 48.1 51.7 35.2 67.9 74.1 45.8 39.7 23.6 

Dhaka 45.6 18.6 54.2 36.6 44.4 34.1 15.9 35.9 9.5 1.9 1.0 2.2 6.5 9.8 5.5 3.0 7.8 1.5 1.2 91.7 

Dinajpur 5.5 3.5 17.3 23.4 20.1 42.5 66.0 71.6 32.8 5.1 4.8 7.4 52.1 55.9 29.7 60.6 66.9 23.8 38.8 26.2 

Faridpur 4.8 2.6 18.0 28.7 27.4 36.8 64.9 68.4 44.0 1.5 1.6 1.2 20.1 21.2 13.8 51.3 56.1 22.1 13.3 41.9 

Feni 16.6 12.0 34.5 17.8 15.8 25.5 64.3 70.9 39.1 1.3 1.4 0.9 25.5 28.1 15.5 26.6 31.1 9.1 9.9 57.8 

Gaibandha 2.0 1.3 10.4 12.8 11.1 32.6 83.1 85.6 54.5 2.1 2.1 2.6 69.5 71.5 48.1 70.6 73.8 33.9 54.4 14.3 

Gazipur 11.6 7.2 21.3 43.2 38.7 53.2 43.8 52.8 23.9 1.4 1.4 1.5 18.5 22.1 10.5 16.0 21.4 4.3 7.5 72.9 

Gopalganj 4.0 2.5 16.8 12.3 10.2 29.6 82.7 86.3 53.0 1.0 1.1 0.6 14.6 15.2 9.4 50.9 54.4 22.7 9.7 44.2 

Habiganj 5.4 3.5 19.2 18.3 16.7 30.3 73.0 76.3 48.3 3.3 3.4 2.2 53.5 57.1 25.5 52.3 56.7 18.7 35.6 29.8 

Joypurhat 6.0 3.3 21.7 25.0 22.6 39.0 64.6 70.0 33.3 4.4 4.1 6.0 48.6 51.2 33.6 48.4 52.8 22.9 30.4 33.3 

Jamalpur 2.0 0.9 7.4 7.4 4.9 19.8 89.5 93.2 70.7 1.2 1.0 2.2 48.4 50.1 40.2 60.6 66.3 31.9 34.5 25.5 

145


District 


live in pucca 

houses 



houses 










connection 


% of 

households 

with NO 

access to 

sanitation 

AND 

electricity 

connection 

% of 

households 

with 

access to 

sanitation 

AND 

electricity 

connection 

Jessore 16.4 12.1 35.8 33.6 33.6 33.5 44.9 49.3 24.6 5.2 5.0 6.2 39.7 43.9 20.3 38.9 44.6 13.2 21.8 43.2 

Jhalokati 6.7 4.1 19.7 11.4 9.2 22.8 79.5 84.0 56.3 2.5 2.7 1.3 13.3 13.6 11.6 51.0 56.4 23.1 9.6 45.3 

Jhenaidah 14.9 11.5 32.8 29.4 28.6 33.8 51.5 55.7 29.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 42.7 45.0 30.1 41.4 45.4 20.2 23.4 39.3 

2.2 0.7 5.2 7.0 3.0 14.7 86.9 91.1 78.8 3.9 5.2 1.4 62.0 74.2 38.8 67.3 79.4 44.2 50.8 21.5 

Khulna 18.3 9.8 35.6 23.0 18.2 32.8 56.6 69.8 29.8 2.0 2.1 1.8 22.0 26.4 12.9 35.9 49.6 8.1 13.0 55.1 

2.8 1.1 11.5 11.5 8.5 26.7 84.0 88.6 60.7 1.6 1.7 1.1 55.1 59.4 33.6 50.4 56.1 20.9 33.6 28.1 

Kurigram 0.9 0.6 2.8 7.4 5.5 18.0 90.2 92.5 77.6 1.5 1.4 1.7 42.5 43.2 38.6 79.2 83.1 57.6 36.9 15.2 

Kushtia 7.8 5.1 28.5 31.8 30.8 39.7 59.4 63.1 30.4 1.0 1.0 1.4 40.8 43.2 22.3 35.9 38.4 16.0 20.5 43.8 

7.6 6.2 15.6 7.4 6.2 13.6 82.6 84.9 69.3 2.4 2.6 1.4 25.7 27.2 17.3 56.2 60.6 31.6 20.7 38.8 

1.6 0.9 7.9 8.6 7.0 23.4 86.9 89.5 63.3 2.9 2.6 5.4 40.5 41.2 34.1 79.9 83.6 46.9 35.8 15.4 

Madaripur 4.7 3.2 14.7 15.6 13.4 29.1 78.5 82.3 54.3 1.2 1.1 1.9 29.8 30.7 24.2 40.7 44.5 17.3 14.1 43.5 

Magura 5.4 3.0 21.7 26.2 23.5 43.7 66.9 71.9 33.5 1.5 1.6 1.0 22.6 23.3 17.9 59.2 64.4 24.4 17.0 35.1 

Manikganj 3.0 1.6 17.4 10.0 8.5 24.8 85.1 88.0 55.4 2.0 1.9 2.5 27.5 28.6 16.0 47.3 50.2 18.7 17.9 43.1 

Meherpur 20.0 18.0 35.0 33.4 32.6 39.4 43.4 46.1 24.2 3.1 3.4 1.3 54.4 56.8 37.1 38.8 41.9 16.4 28.0 34.8 

12.1 9.8 30.7 29.2 28.7 32.6 56.3 59.1 33.8 2.5 2.4 2.9 48.0 50.7 26.3 49.2 52.9 19.8 33.9 36.6 

7.9 6.6 17.0 12.2 11.1 19.7 77.8 80.1 62.5 2.0 2.2 0.9 18.2 19.0 13.2 9.9 11.0 3.1 4.4 76.2 

3.6 1.1 17.5 12.4 8.7 33.5 80.3 86.2 46.6 3.7 4.0 2.5 56.1 59.8 34.6 58.7 65.7 19.2 39.6 24.8 

Naogaon 5.3 2.8 27.3 21.9 20.3 36.1 69.2 73.4 31.6 3.6 3.5 5.0 63.2 66.2 36.2 60.6 64.8 22.3 46.5 22.7 

Narail 6.4 3.8 20.1 24.3 22.5 34.0 68.3 72.7 45.2 1.0 1.0 0.8 29.0 30.3 21.8 54.3 58.2 33.5 19.8 36.6 

Khagrachhari 

Kishoregonj 

Lakshmipur 

Lalmonirhat 

Maulvibazar 

Munshiganj 

Mymensingh 

Narayanganj 

20.7 16.8 28.1 33.6 30.5 39.4 44.5 51.5 31.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 21.9 25.7 14.7 4.7 6.2 1.9 2.9 76.3 

Narsingdi 7.2 4.0 19.6 22.5 19.0 36.1 69.4 76.0 43.5 1.0 1.0 0.8 38.9 43.2 22.0 27.2 32.4 6.4 16.0 49.9 

146

ANNEX-3A 

District 


live in pucca 

houses 



houses 










connection 


% of 

households 

with NO 

access to 

sanitation 

AND 

electricity 

connection 

% of 

households 

with 

access to 

sanitation 

AND 

electricity 

connection 

Natore 5.2 3.1 19.0 27.4 25.3 41.8 64.5 68.5 37.7 2.9 3.1 1.5 30.4 32.4 16.9 51.2 55.5 22.0 20.1 38.6 

13.1 9.2 29.0 37.5 34.5 50.0 42.3 48.4 16.8 7.1 7.8 4.2 65.7 71.9 40.2 51.4 57.3 26.9 43.9 26.8 

Netrakona 1.5 0.8 7.5 10.0 7.2 32.7 80.0 83.2 54.7 8.5 8.9 5.2 61.2 64.3 36.5 69.8 75.2 25.8 48.1 17.1 

2.5 1.2 9.6 12.4 7.8 38.7 83.5 89.4 49.7 1.6 1.5 2.0 67.0 71.4 41.8 65.5 71.2 32.7 50.2 17.6 

Noakhali 7.6 5.8 17.1 7.6 6.2 15.5 80.6 83.6 64.3 4.2 4.4 3.1 29.0 31.0 17.8 48.9 53.0 26.6 22.2 44.2 

Pabna 7.1 4.1 24.3 14.5 12.3 27.1 76.8 82.0 47.4 1.6 1.7 1.2 30.3 31.8 21.6 39.9 43.7 18.5 16.7 46.5 

2.0 1.1 10.5 10.6 8.4 31.5 84.6 87.5 56.9 2.8 3.0 1.1 35.0 36.1 24.7 73.0 77.4 32.0 29.0 21.0 

Patuakhali 2.6 1.2 12.4 5.7 3.6 19.9 86.6 89.7 66.0 5.0 5.5 1.7 28.7 30.4 17.2 68.2 73.5 32.6 22.7 25.8 

Pirojpur 4.0 2.2 13.4 8.0 5.9 18.9 86.2 90.0 66.6 1.8 1.9 1.1 25.1 27.0 14.8 57.1 63.4 23.5 18.5 36.3 

Rajshahi 12.8 5.5 29.2 27.8 23.6 37.2 55.2 66.3 30.5 4.2 4.7 3.1 47.1 54.4 30.9 37.9 45.9 20.2 25.6 40.5 

Rajbari 3.3 2.0 11.9 18.2 15.9 33.4 75.7 79.3 51.3 2.8 2.8 3.4 21.9 22.6 16.9 54.2 58.5 25.0 15.4 39.3 

Rangamati 4.8 2.3 11.7 8.2 4.6 18.2 81.7 87.0 66.9 5.3 6.1 3.2 62.7 74.0 31.6 58.2 71.0 22.7 48.5 27.6 

Rangpur 3.6 1.5 16.6 15.9 13.4 32.2 77.3 81.8 48.9 3.2 3.3 2.2 57.6 61.2 35.0 61.9 67.9 23.8 43.6 24.1 

Shariatpur 2.8 1.9 9.7 8.4 6.4 23.8 87.7 90.6 65.3 1.0 1.0 1.3 18.0 18.6 14.0 56.8 61.1 23.9 13.1 38.3 

Satkhira 14.3 12.4 32.1 28.5 27.3 39.4 55.8 59.0 26.2 1.4 1.3 2.3 41.7 43.5 26.2 58.2 61.8 26.0 29.4 29.5 

Sirajganj 2.3 1.1 10.1 9.6 7.5 22.7 87.0 90.3 65.9 1.2 1.1 1.3 39.3 41.1 28.1 52.9 57.5 24.2 25.6 33.4 

Sherpur 1.5 0.8 6.3 7.4 4.8 24.9 88.4 91.9 64.7 2.7 2.5 4.1 50.0 51.6 39.4 58.8 63.5 27.3 31.9 23.0 

6.6 5.2 18.6 11.7 10.2 24.7 77.5 80.1 55.1 4.2 4.5 1.6 67.3 70.9 36.8 66.0 69.9 31.5 52.1 18.8 

Sylhet 21.7 16.0 39.8 31.2 29.3 37.4 44.9 52.5 20.8 2.1 2.1 2.0 38.2 44.7 17.5 37.1 46.1 8.5 24.1 48.8 

Tangail 2.8 1.2 12.5 6.4 4.7 16.5 89.7 93.2 69.6 1.0 1.0 1.3 36.6 38.4 26.5 43.8 48.0 19.1 22.8 42.4 

Chapai 

Nawabganj 

Nilphamari 

Panchagarh 

Sunamganj 

Thakurgaon 

2.8 1.9 9.7 20.2 17.4 42.4 72.1 75.9 42.2 5.0 4.9 5.8 72.3 75.7 45.5 65.3 69.9 29.2 52.5 14.9 

147


District 


live in pucca 

houses 



houses 










connection 


% of 

households 

with NO 

access to 

sanitation 

AND 

electricity 

connection 

% of 

households 

with 

access to 

sanitation 

AND 

electricity 

connection 

Bangladesh 11.3 5.2 31.9 19.6 15.9 32.0 66.2 75.8 33.5 2.9 3.0 2.6 36.4 41.8 18.3 43.9 52.8 13.6 23.6 43.3 

Range 44.7 18.1 51.4 38.4 41.5 40.7 74.3 57.3 69.2 12.7 12.7 12.9 66.8 71.8 43.9 76.9 77.3 56.2 60.4 77.4 

Minimum 0.9 0.6 2.8 4.8 2.9 12.6 15.9 35.9 9.5 0.6 0.6 0.4 6.5 9.8 5.5 3.0 6.2 1.5 1.2 14.3 

Maximum 45.6 18.6 54.2 43.2 44.4 53.2 90.2 93.2 78.8 13.3 13.3 13.3 73.4 81.6 49.4 79.9 83.6 57.6 61.6 91.7 

Mean 7.9 5.0 19.7 17.6 15.4 29.5 71.5 76.5 48.2 3.0 3.1 2.6 39.0 42.0 25.3 50.0 55.3 23.0 26.3 37.2 

S. D. 7.6 4.9 10.3 9.8 10.2 9.3 15.9 14.1 16.8 2.1 2.3 2.1 16.9 18.2 10.8 17.3 17.7 11.4 14.4 16.4 

148

ANNEX-3A 

Annex Table 6.1: Population distribution by ward, Dhaka City Corporation, Bangladesh 2011 

DCC Thana Ward 


Population below 

18 years (%) 


5 years (%) Sex 

ratio 

under 

five 


Women in 

childbearing 

age (15- 

49 years) 

(%) 

Female 

teenage 

married 

(15-19 

years) (%) 

Female 

headed 

households 

(%) 

Biman Bandar, 

Uttara 

01 183298 103139 80159 30.1 26.8 34.2 6.3 5.8 7.0 108 61.3 13.2 10.2 

Pallabi 02 151868 79637 72231 31.7 30.4 33.2 8.2 8.0 8.5 104 64.5 27.2 13.6 

Pallabi 03 94664 49093 45571 33.7 32.8 34.7 8.3 8.2 8.4 106 62.3 24.9 13.8 

Kafrul 04 75246 41636 33610 28.9 27.5 30.6 6.9 6.4 7.5 106 68.0 27.9 15.2 

Pallabi 05 118110 61601 56509 34.0 33.2 34.9 8.5 8.4 8.7 105 62.3 26.6 14.0 

Pallabi 06 163770 86232 77538 29.8 28.0 31.7 7.7 7.4 8.1 101 65.8 26.2 13.2 

Mirpur, Pallabi, 

Shah Ali 

07 113750 60408 53342 31.1 29.6 32.8 7.6 7.4 7.8 107 64.9 23.7 12.4 

Shah Ali 08 111251 59607 51644 31.5 29.9 33.3 8.1 7.7 8.5 104 64.7 29.3 13.8 

Darus Salam 09 71260 39668 31592 34.0 32.5 35.9 8.9 8.3 9.7 107 62.6 36.0 10.0 

Darus Salam 10 87879 47258 40621 31.3 29.6 33.4 8.2 7.7 8.8 102 64.8 31.2 12.5 

Mirpur 11 97033 53018 44015 30.2 27.9 33.1 7.9 7.3 8.6 102 64.0 24.7 11.9 

Mirpur 12 116544 62754 53790 29.9 27.9 32.2 7.9 7.6 8.3 107 65.0 24.3 11.7 

Mirpur 13 157206 83505 73701 32.2 30.5 34.1 8.3 8.0 8.7 105 64.0 24.8 11.7 

Kafrul, Mirpur 14 163797 87862 75935 29.6 27.4 32.1 7.8 7.4 8.2 104 65.2 22.4 11.3 

Biman Bandar, 

Kafrul, Pallabi 

15 173842 89940 83902 35.2 34.2 36.3 8.5 8.4 8.7 103 61.5 24.0 12.2 

Kafrul 16 142413 75213 67200 32.2 30.4 34.2 7.9 7.4 8.5 97 64.2 21.9 13.1 

Badda, Khilkhet 17 196479 113621 82858 29.6 26.1 34.4 7.9 6.8 9.3 100 63.5 28.2 11.1 

Gulshan 18 63616 36676 26940 29.2 25.4 34.3 7.1 6.3 8.3 103 63.8 20.2 10.2 

Gulshan 19 96291 52245 44046 28.3 25.4 31.8 6.2 5.8 6.7 103 62.6 19.8 11.8 

Gulshan, 

Tejgaon Ind. 

Area 

20 98618 55417 43201 27.6 24.7 31.3 7.1 6.5 8.0 104 66.2 23.3 12.8 

149





18 years (%) 



ratio 

under 

five 


Women in 

childbearing 

age (15- 

49 years) 

(%) 

Female 

teenage 

married 

(15-19 

years) (%) 

Female 

headed 

households 

(%) 

Badda 21 96111 54002 42109 29.7 27.2 32.9 7.8 7.0 8.9 101 64.2 25.7 13.8 

Rampura 22 160316 83857 76459 31.9 30.1 33.9 8.2 8.1 8.4 106 62.9 21.3 11.7 

Rampura 23 63763 35246 28517 30.5 28.1 33.5 7.7 7.0 8.5 102 63.4 23.8 12.3 

Khilgaon 24 68931 36872 32059 32.1 30.2 34.2 7.3 7.0 7.6 106 61.8 17.0 10.4 

Khilgaon 25 113273 59610 53663 32.9 32.0 34.0 8.4 8.1 8.7 104 62.3 23.1 9.7 

Khilgaon 26 86931 46921 40010 35.2 33.7 37.0 9.9 9.3 10.7 102 61.3 38.2 9.8 

Sabujbagh 27 82701 43167 39534 33.4 32.9 34.1 8.6 8.5 8.7 106 62.1 22.2 10.6 

Sabujbagh 28 60788 32573 28215 33.9 33.5 34.5 8.6 8.3 9.0 106 61.1 22.4 9.7 

Sabujbagh 29 79305 45268 34037 31.8 29.4 35.0 8.2 7.2 9.5 101 62.7 26.0 9.8 

Sabujbagh 30 58316 32991 25325 33.0 30.7 36.0 8.7 7.8 9.8 104 61.9 32.0 9.4 

Motijheel 31 34867 21467 13400 26.8 23.1 32.9 6.0 5.0 7.7 105 62.3 15.9 13.4 

Motijheel 32 42105 30203 11902 24.2 21.0 32.3 4.2 3.1 7.2 109 64.8 22.8 11.7 

Motijheel 33 21968 11623 10345 33.4 33.6 33.3 6.4 6.1 6.7 102 64.2 13.4 10.1 

Motijheel 34 59999 31722 28277 32.5 31.4 33.8 7.4 7.2 7.5 107 62.5 17.7 11.1 

Motijheel 35 51067 28300 22767 29.9 26.9 33.7 6.9 6.5 7.5 107 62.8 17.8 11.1 

Paltan 36 59639 36311 23328 26.1 21.1 33.8 5.1 4.3 6.3 105 62.0 7.2 10.1 

Tejgaon Ind. 

Area 

Tejgaon, 

Tejgaon Ind. 

37 103274 64638 38636 25.8 22.3 31.7 6.3 5.1 8.3 102 68.8 32.7 13.5 

38 99727 56547 43180 28.4 25.6 32.0 7.3 6.5 8.3 102 65.8 23.0 11.8 

Tejgaon 39 67876 40739 27137 29.7 26.9 34.1 5.8 4.9 7.1 104 64.0 15.8 11.0 

Sher-E- 

Bangla Nagar, 

Tejgaon 

Sher-E-Bangla 

Nagar 

40 90224 49602 40622 25.4 22.7 28.7 5.9 5.5 6.4 105 66.9 12.9 13.5 

41 65984 36028 29956 31.4 28.6 34.8 7.6 7.0 8.3 102 63.1 21.0 11.1 

150

ANNEX-3A 




18 years (%) 



ratio 

under 

five 


Women in 

childbearing 

age (15- 

49 years) 

(%) 

Female 

teenage 

married 

(15-19 

years) (%) 

Female 

headed 

households 

(%) 

42 54739 30524 24215 30.8 29.4 32.6 6.9 6.4 7.5 108 62.8 15.2 13.9 

Adabor 43 186639 100568 86071 33.0 31.0 35.4 9.0 8.6 9.6 105 62.4 29.8 8.5 

Mohammadpur 

Mohammadpur 

Mohammadpur 

Adabor, 

Hazaribagh, 

Mohammadpur 

Dhanmondi, 

Mohammadpur 

Dhanmondi, 

Hazaribagh 

44 51384 28916 22468 28.3 25.9 31.5 6.1 5.5 6.9 102 63.0 10.6 14.2 

45 72973 38267 34706 30.3 28.9 31.8 5.6 5.5 5.8 104 63.5 10.7 12.7 

46 114756 62616 52140 33.3 31.4 35.5 8.5 7.7 9.4 99 60.6 24.9 11.8 

47 106548 59121 47427 32.0 29.5 35.1 8.7 7.9 9.7 101 62.9 33.0 10.6 

48 128921 71423 57498 32.0 29.9 34.7 8.0 7.3 9.0 101 62.2 23.8 12.5 

Dhanmondi 49 72449 37125 35324 26.3 22.0 30.8 4.2 4.1 4.4 98 62.2 4.2 12.7 

Kalabagan 50 79983 46344 33639 26.5 22.4 32.2 6.0 5.3 7.1 103 63.6 12.8 12.9 

Kalabagan, 

Mohammadpur 

51 58863 33622 25241 25.3 21.3 30.8 5.1 4.5 5.9 102 63.9 10.4 12.0 

New Market 52 49523 32685 16838 22.4 18.5 30.0 4.1 3.2 6.0 103 64.8 8.9 12.1 

Ramna 53 55920 27709 28211 28.2 23.1 33.2 5.1 5.3 4.8 107 62.2 5.1 11.2 

Ramna 54 74069 41058 33011 28.7 25.4 32.7 6.9 6.3 7.7 103 63.2 18.1 12.2 

Ramna 55 70984 39495 31489 30.2 27.4 33.7 7.7 6.8 8.8 96 62.9 23.6 12.0 

Lalbagh, 

Shahbagh 

56 38201 26450 11751 19.9 15.9 28.7 3.4 2.6 5.4 108 66.9 10.9 11.5 

Shahbagh 57 33513 21857 11656 15.4 11.5 22.7 3.0 2.3 4.4 100 71.1 7.8 9.8 

151





18 years (%) 



ratio 

under 

five 


Women in 

childbearing 

age (15- 

49 years) 

(%) 

Female 

teenage 

married 

(15-19 

years) (%) 

Female 

headed 

households 

(%) 

Hazaribagh 58 84519 45152 39367 34.2 33.6 34.9 8.7 8.4 9.2 105 61.5 28.9 13.7 

Lalbagh 59 48875 27621 21254 30.1 28.5 32.2 7.3 6.3 8.5 96 63.2 18.6 13.1 

Lalbagh 60 66470 35539 30931 36.0 34.8 37.4 9.2 8.6 9.8 100 60.0 31.1 11.6 

Lalbagh 61 29832 16221 13611 31.3 29.7 33.3 7.1 6.6 7.6 103 61.6 19.1 9.8 

Lalbagh 62 44540 21583 22957 27.7 27.3 28.1 5.5 5.7 5.3 101 69.2 9.4 14.7 

Bangshal, 

Chak Bazar 

63 28525 16193 12332 28.4 25.4 32.4 5.9 5.3 6.7 105 64.2 11.3 12.2 

Chak Bazar 64 24656 15108 9548 31.7 29.7 34.9 6.3 5.2 7.9 105 60.4 18.9 11.9 

Chak Bazar 65 58233 35427 22806 33.6 31.1 37.4 7.9 6.6 9.9 105 60.0 31.4 11.1 

Bangshal, 

Chak Bazar 

Bangshal, 

Chak Bazar 

Bangshal, 

Kotwali 

66 33613 23780 9833 25.4 22.1 33.6 5.0 3.6 8.4 103 63.6 24.1 9.7 

67 35656 24748 10908 23.0 18.6 32.8 5.0 3.6 8.1 100 63.0 16.5 10.4 

68 36147 22939 13208 28.4 25.4 33.6 6.7 5.4 8.7 108 61.0 24.0 14.7 

Bangshal 69 65289 41136 24153 30.5 28.8 33.4 6.6 5.5 8.5 110 61.2 21.6 12.6 

Bangshal 70 50624 35423 15201 28.5 26.2 33.8 5.5 4.1 8.8 109 62.1 21.4 10.7 

Bangshal, 

Kotwali 

71 28074 18817 9257 30.8 29.2 33.9 6.1 4.8 8.8 109 60.9 24.2 12.3 

Kotwali 72 26199 15509 10690 28.2 25.6 31.9 6.3 5.4 7.6 104 61.4 16.3 12.9 

Kotwali 73 18170 12640 5530 25.1 22.1 31.9 5.1 3.9 7.7 115 62.2 19.4 11.6 

Sutrapur 74 46140 28004 18136 29.3 26.5 33.5 7.1 6.0 8.8 105 61.2 20.0 12.3 

Sutrapur 75 38322 21488 16834 28.8 25.8 32.5 7.1 6.3 8.0 101 61.3 14.0 11.0 

Gendaria, 

Jatrabari 

76 46434 26126 20308 29.3 27.0 32.2 7.6 6.9 8.5 104 61.8 25.1 13.8 

Sutrapur 77 40587 21969 18618 29.9 27.7 32.5 7.5 7.2 7.8 108 61.5 15.8 11.2 

Sutrapur 78 27882 15258 12624 29.9 28.5 31.7 7.0 6.6 7.4 108 63.2 17.9 14.3 

152

ANNEX-3A 




18 years (%) 



ratio 

under 

five 


Women in 

childbearing 

age (15- 

49 years) 

(%) 

Female 

teenage 

married 

(15-19 

years) (%) 

Female 

headed 

households 

(%) 

Sutrapur 79 40043 24300 15743 28.4 25.8 32.5 6.3 5.2 8.1 98 61.2 16.6 11.1 

Gendaria, 

Sutrapur 

80 26939 14705 12234 30.8 30.6 31.1 7.4 7.2 7.7 113 61.8 20.1 14.8 

Gendaria 81 50419 27906 22513 31.7 30.2 33.6 7.7 7.1 8.4 105 60.3 22.7 14.0 

Gendaria 82 40267 22693 17574 33.3 33.0 33.7 8.0 7.2 9.0 103 61.2 24.4 12.7 

Shyampur 83 48026 25777 22249 34.6 33.7 35.7 8.8 8.5 9.1 109 60.4 22.4 10.9 

Jatrabari 84 58741 35305 23436 31.1 27.9 35.9 8.1 6.8 9.9 103 62.0 30.1 8.3 

Jatrabari 85 60966 33078 27888 35.6 34.4 37.1 9.2 8.8 9.7 107 60.2 32.3 12.9 

Jatrabari 86 56766 32293 24473 33.6 31.6 36.1 8.0 7.3 9.0 106 61.2 23.8 10.1 

Shyampur 87 69399 40176 29223 34.9 33.2 37.3 8.6 7.5 10.1 102 60.3 31.7 8.6 

Kadamtali 88 43954 23295 20659 36.1 35.1 37.1 9.7 9.1 10.3 100 60.2 32.3 10.2 

Kadamtali 89 58954 30678 28276 35.2 34.7 35.8 9.5 9.3 9.7 104 60.8 32.1 11.4 

Shyampur 90 66637 36452 30185 35.0 33.5 36.8 9.4 8.9 10.0 107 60.6 34.5 11.4 

Lalbagh 91 94573 50894 43679 37.8 36.8 38.8 10.8 10.1 11.5 102 58.7 38.4 9.1 

Lalbagh 92 82069 44356 37713 38.7 38.3 39.2 10.8 10.4 11.3 108 58.2 37.6 12.0 

Dhaka City 

Corporation 

All 6970105 3876586 3093519 30.9 28.6 33.8 7.6 6.9 8.4 104 63.0 23.3 11.8 

Range 178309 101998 80541 23.4 26.8 16.6 7.8 8.0 7.1 19.0 12.9 34.1 6.9 

Min 18170 11623 5530 15.4 11.5 22.7 3.0 2.3 4.4 96.0 58.2 4.2 8.3 

Max 196479 113621 86071 38.7 38.3 39.2 10.8 10.4 11.5 115.0 71.1 38.4 15.2 

Mean 75762 42137 33625 30.4 28.2 33.5 7.3 6.6 8.2 104.0 62.8 22.1 11.8 

S.D. 41475 21877 19888 3.7 4.6 2.4 1.5 1.7 1.4 3.4 2.2 7.7 1.6 

153


Annex Table 6.2: Literacy and school attendance of children and young population by ward, Dhaka City Corporation, 



Biman Bandar, 

Uttara 


(15-24 years) (%) 

Total Male 

Female 



School attendance rate 

at five (%) 


(6-10 years) (%) 


primary (%) 

Total Male Female Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls 

01 83.6 87.5 78.6 83.9 86.9 79.7 54.1 54.4 53.7 56.5 58.9 54.0 78.9 82.0 75.5 

Pallabi 02 79.9 81.2 78.8 73.7 78.0 68.8 49.4 49.1 49.8 53.9 53.6 54.2 80.1 79.5 80.6 

Pallabi 03 82.2 82.7 81.7 74.3 78.2 70.2 39.7 37.0 42.4 57.9 57.0 58.8 79.6 79.1 80.1 

Kafrul 04 87.1 90.4 83.7 81.2 85.8 75.4 39.2 41.7 36.5 59.7 62.3 56.6 77.9 79.8 75.8 

Pallabi 05 76.3 77.0 75.6 65.1 69.4 60.3 42.1 41.9 42.3 54.5 53.6 55.5 77.1 76.7 77.4 

Pallabi 06 81.6 85.4 78.1 77.9 82.2 72.9 41.0 41.4 40.5 54.4 55.4 53.4 75.8 77.4 74.2 


Shah Ali 

07 85.6 88.7 82.5 80.9 85.2 76.0 47.8 49.3 46.2 56.7 57.6 55.7 79.0 80.2 77.7 

Shah Ali 08 82.6 84.3 80.9 74.3 78.3 69.4 35.0 33.4 36.6 55.1 55.4 54.8 73.4 73.9 73.0 

Darus Salam 09 80.6 81.6 79.6 67.8 71.1 63.4 29.8 29.8 29.7 60.2 60.3 60.2 76.6 75.7 77.6 

Darus Salam 10 79.6 81.9 77.6 72.9 76.8 68.2 34.0 35.2 32.8 54.4 53.3 55.5 75.8 75.9 75.7 

Mirpur 11 87.0 89.7 84.1 83.4 86.8 79.1 44.8 47.4 41.9 53.8 55.0 52.4 78.9 80.9 76.7 

Mirpur 12 87.8 90.1 85.5 83.8 87.7 79.0 45.1 45.1 45.2 56.7 57.2 56.2 81.5 82.8 80.2 

Mirpur 13 86.7 88.1 85.3 82.0 84.6 78.8 39.5 39.5 39.4 56.6 56.8 56.5 77.9 79.3 76.5 

Kafrul, Mirpur 14 87.3 89.9 84.7 84.7 88.3 80.3 45.8 45.9 45.6 58.0 59.8 56.3 79.4 81.4 77.4 

Biman Bandar, 


15 79.3 82.4 76.6 73.5 77.6 69.1 35.5 34.2 36.9 54.2 53.7 54.6 73.8 74.3 73.4 

Kafrul 16 84.3 86.4 82.3 80.6 83.8 76.7 38.0 39.0 37.1 55.5 56.9 54.1 77.3 78.7 75.9 

Badda, Khilkhet 17 85.1 86.5 83.2 80.3 83.6 75.3 42.2 42.7 41.6 55.4 56.0 54.9 76.8 78.4 75.1 

Gulshan 18 88.6 89.9 86.9 84.3 87.4 79.5 49.7 53.2 46.2 58.4 60.1 56.7 81.5 82.8 80.1 

Gulshan 19 74.4 81.3 67.4 73.0 79.3 65.0 40.7 40.6 40.8 52.2 54.6 49.6 70.2 71.9 68.4 

Gulshan, 

Tejgaon Ind. 

Area 

20 83.9 88.4 78.6 79.6 84.7 72.5 40.6 39.1 42.2 54.3 55.7 53.0 74.9 76.6 73.1 

154

ANNEX-3A 



(15-24 years) (%) 

Total Male 

Female 




at five (%) 


(6-10 years) (%) 


primary (%) 


Badda 21 89.2 89.7 88.7 84.4 87.5 80.2 43.3 43.1 43.5 61.3 62.0 60.5 82.8 83.7 81.8 

Rampura 22 86.3 89.3 83.6 84.3 87.6 80.4 47.0 46.7 47.3 56.2 57.9 54.4 80.2 82.0 78.4 

Rampura 23 82.0 85.2 78.3 77.9 82.1 72.3 51.4 49.4 53.4 54.5 55.9 53.0 79.2 81.0 77.2 

Khilgaon 24 86.1 87.0 85.3 83.7 86.4 80.4 52.2 50.2 54.2 57.5 59.5 55.4 81.9 84.2 79.5 

Khilgaon 25 86.6 87.3 85.9 81.8 83.9 79.4 41.0 40.6 41.4 58.6 58.6 58.6 79.9 80.8 78.9 

Khilgaon 26 72.7 72.8 72.5 61.5 64.3 58.0 27.5 24.9 30.2 49.1 50.6 47.4 67.0 68.1 65.9 

Sabujbagh 27 87.6 87.9 87.4 81.9 84.8 78.7 49.8 51.0 48.5 60.0 60.4 59.4 83.6 84.7 82.4 

Sabujbagh 28 83.2 82.9 83.5 79.2 81.1 77.0 53.5 53.3 53.8 55.8 55.1 56.6 80.1 80.1 80.1 

Sabujbagh 29 78.4 74.1 83.7 75.6 75.6 75.7 48.5 48.7 48.3 55.6 54.0 57.3 80.3 80.0 80.5 

Sabujbagh 30 81.2 79.7 82.8 69.3 71.2 66.5 42.6 42.5 42.8 54.1 53.0 55.3 79.0 78.5 79.5 

Motijheel 31 85.2 86.1 83.5 82.4 86.7 74.6 53.0 54.7 51.4 54.5 54.4 54.6 76.7 75.6 77.9 

Motijheel 32 86.2 86.8 84.2 83.3 87.0 72.2 55.9 53.5 58.5 63.2 64.2 62.0 80.8 80.1 81.5 

Motijheel 33 92.8 94.0 91.5 89.3 92.3 85.9 34.8 33.3 36.6 61.4 62.6 60.1 80.9 82.6 78.8 

Motijheel 34 85.8 88.1 83.4 82.6 86.3 78.2 39.4 38.9 39.9 55.9 57.3 54.3 78.7 81.3 75.9 

Motijheel 35 86.6 89.1 83.4 82.6 86.6 77.3 48.3 47.6 49.0 59.1 61.2 57.0 81.3 83.3 79.2 

Paltan 36 84.1 85.5 81.9 86.1 87.2 84.1 39.7 40.1 39.3 54.9 56.9 52.9 73.2 74.6 71.6 

Tejgaon Ind. 

Area 

Tejgaon, 

Tejgaon Ind. 

Area 

37 75.1 77.3 72.1 68.3 72.2 61.1 30.9 28.9 32.9 48.2 46.7 49.9 67.0 65.4 68.7 

38 86.7 89.7 83.3 83.7 87.9 77.7 46.1 45.7 46.4 57.7 59.4 55.8 79.8 82.0 77.4 

Tejgaon 39 81.2 81.8 80.3 76.2 77.5 74.1 40.5 40.4 40.6 60.4 61.0 59.6 81.4 82.4 80.2 

Sher-E-Bangla 


Sher-E-Bangla 

Nagar 

40 91.7 94.6 88.1 88.1 91.8 83.4 50.2 51.8 48.5 61.1 64.1 57.9 81.8 85.0 78.5 

41 81.8 84.7 78.9 75.4 79.2 70.5 44.2 43.2 45.2 56.7 58.0 55.3 76.3 78.4 74.1 

Mohammadpur 42 86.9 88.7 84.6 82.9 86.4 78.3 56.6 57.5 55.6 58.1 58.2 58.0 83.8 85.6 81.8 

Adabor 43 77.5 80.8 74.5 70.1 73.6 65.8 34.4 35.0 33.8 50.1 50.5 49.7 68.7 69.4 68.1 

155



Female 

Mohammadpur 

Mohammadpur 

Adabor, Hazaribagh, 

Mohammadpur 

Dhanmondi, 

Mohammadpur 

Dhanmondi, 

Hazaribagh 


(15-24 years) (%) 

Total Male 




at five (%) 


(6-10 years) (%) 


primary (%) 


44 92.6 95.3 88.5 90.9 94.0 86.7 56.0 54.8 57.0 59.8 62.0 57.4 84.8 88.0 81.2 

45 77.9 80.0 75.8 76.6 80.4 72.4 46.5 43.2 50.0 54.8 55.0 54.5 77.0 78.0 76.0 

46 80.8 85.5 75.2 74.0 78.0 69.0 43.0 44.6 41.2 51.4 53.1 49.4 73.3 75.3 71.0 

47 80.7 83.0 78.3 71.0 75.0 65.7 39.7 40.9 38.4 52.5 52.4 52.6 72.0 72.5 71.5 

48 86.0 87.9 83.6 78.1 81.3 73.8 40.6 39.6 41.5 55.4 55.1 55.8 76.2 76.9 75.4 

Dhanmondi 49 83.4 91.6 75.1 87.2 93.3 80.3 67.2 66.8 67.6 56.5 63.7 49.8 80.0 87.9 72.6 

Kalabagan 50 86.4 88.3 83.6 83.9 86.8 79.6 49.2 51.0 47.2 55.9 57.1 54.7 79.7 81.4 78.1 

Kalabagan, Mohammadpur 

51 89.3 93.0 83.7 88.1 91.8 82.6 57.7 56.8 58.6 56.8 59.7 53.8 79.1 84.4 73.6 

New Market 52 87.8 87.6 88.1 89.3 90.2 87.3 51.7 49.8 53.7 63.3 67.4 58.6 82.4 85.8 78.6 

Ramna 53 86.3 90.2 83.1 88.4 92.6 84.0 69.0 64.6 73.3 51.6 54.5 49.5 77.8 84.7 72.6 

Ramna 54 87.0 89.6 84.0 83.5 87.3 78.4 51.8 53.4 50.3 57.4 59.5 55.2 81.8 84.1 79.3 

Ramna 55 82.0 82.7 81.2 75.6 76.8 73.9 36.2 33.9 38.5 53.7 54.4 52.8 74.3 75.5 73.0 

Lalbagh, Shahbagh 

56 88.6 89.8 85.3 83.9 86.2 78.0 45.6 50.0 41.5 54.1 54.2 54.0 78.7 81.1 76.2 

Shahbagh 57 96.0 97.4 92.4 92.9 95.7 87.1 57.7 53.3 63.1 60.9 64.0 57.7 81.3 84.4 78.2 

Hazaribagh 58 82.9 82.1 83.6 70.7 73.1 67.9 42.6 42.5 42.7 55.8 55.3 56.4 80.7 79.6 81.9 

Lalbagh 59 89.6 87.0 93.2 83.9 85.4 81.9 51.5 54.2 48.9 61.6 61.0 62.2 83.6 83.6 83.5 

Lalbagh 60 81.4 79.0 83.7 64.6 67.8 60.7 34.6 35.3 34.0 53.4 51.3 55.6 75.6 73.6 77.7 

Lalbagh 61 90.9 90.1 91.9 84.0 87.4 79.9 49.8 46.0 53.6 62.6 65.1 60.0 88.6 90.1 87.1 

Lalbagh 62 93.1 90.9 94.5 89.2 90.9 87.6 59.2 58.9 59.5 61.7 62.9 60.6 84.8 86.5 83.3 

156

ANNEX-3A 


Bangshal, Chak 

Bazar 


(15-24 years) (%) 

Total Male 

Female 




at five (%) 


(6-10 years) (%) 


primary (%) 


63 88.6 87.6 89.9 83.6 85.4 81.1 61.9 65.6 57.3 60.3 62.9 57.8 84.1 86.0 82.1 

Chak Bazar 64 83.9 80.8 90.3 81.7 83.0 79.5 59.7 57.8 61.8 57.1 56.7 57.6 86.2 86.6 85.8 

Chak Bazar 65 74.6 71.0 81.1 65.6 67.2 62.7 37.1 36.6 37.6 53.4 51.7 55.4 75.1 73.1 77.4 


Bazar 


Bazar 

Bangshal, 

Kotwali 

66 74.5 70.0 86.1 69.9 68.7 73.2 47.2 46.7 47.7 55.8 52.5 59.6 74.8 72.2 77.9 

67 82.0 78.2 91.5 79.5 78.9 81.4 64.3 65.9 62.8 62.0 61.4 62.7 88.3 89.4 86.9 

68 83.7 79.5 91.6 76.8 76.7 77.1 62.4 64.6 60.1 63.5 63.0 64.2 87.3 85.7 89.0 

Bangshal 69 80.6 76.0 91.1 75.6 76.0 74.9 49.5 51.1 47.8 59.4 58.8 60.1 80.6 78.4 83.2 

Bangshal 70 75.5 71.9 87.9 72.8 72.7 72.9 52.8 55.5 50.0 58.8 55.8 62.6 80.1 76.5 84.8 

Bangshal, 

Kotwali 

71 77.5 73.6 88.5 74.3 74.4 74.3 44.3 39.5 49.5 53.5 49.2 58.9 71.1 65.1 78.8 

Kotwali 72 84.2 81.7 88.0 80.1 81.4 77.9 63.8 68.2 59.5 65.0 64.3 65.8 87.5 86.8 88.2 

Kotwali 73 73.1 68.2 86.7 70.1 68.2 74.9 59.9 65.6 54.4 58.2 58.3 58.2 80.7 80.3 81.2 

Sutrapur 74 86.1 84.0 89.7 80.7 82.4 77.8 60.5 60.2 60.9 59.6 58.8 60.4 84.8 83.8 86.0 

Sutrapur 75 87.8 88.3 87.1 85.8 88.5 82.1 44.6 46.0 43.1 54.4 57.1 51.6 78.8 81.1 76.4 

Gendaria, 

Jatrabari 

76 86.5 85.3 87.9 79.4 82.2 75.6 58.0 56.0 60.0 58.7 58.7 58.6 84.5 84.5 84.6 

Sutrapur 77 86.5 86.8 86.2 82.0 85.0 78.2 51.3 51.3 51.3 61.4 62.0 60.6 82.5 83.9 81.1 

Sutrapur 78 89.5 87.2 92.3 82.9 83.6 82.1 60.6 61.2 60.0 60.8 62.9 58.5 86.3 86.3 86.2 

Sutrapur 79 86.2 82.7 92.3 82.6 81.8 83.9 57.2 58.1 56.4 58.8 57.3 60.5 82.0 79.7 84.6 

Gendaria, 

Sutrapur 

80 85.0 83.0 87.5 78.1 80.5 75.1 60.9 57.2 64.8 59.1 57.9 60.4 84.8 83.3 86.4 

Gendaria 81 86.0 85.2 87.0 77.2 78.4 75.7 56.8 55.8 58.0 56.8 56.3 57.2 81.0 80.4 81.6 

Gendaria 82 88.4 88.8 87.9 80.2 83.5 75.9 54.3 52.9 55.6 62.1 63.6 60.0 87.7 87.6 87.7 

Shyampur 83 84.5 82.5 86.6 77.1 79.3 74.4 47.6 48.6 46.6 57.7 57.6 57.8 79.9 80.3 79.5 

157




(15-24 years) (%) 

Total Male 

Female 




at five (%) 


(6-10 years) (%) 


primary (%) 


Jatrabari 84 81.4 78.1 86.2 74.8 74.8 74.9 43.6 41.6 45.7 59.1 60.3 57.8 79.0 79.2 78.8 

Jatrabari 85 79.8 78.9 80.6 66.5 69.5 62.7 38.1 36.6 39.8 54.8 54.7 55.0 74.1 73.4 75.0 

Jatrabari 86 90.7 90.7 90.5 83.1 86.3 78.7 42.1 43.6 40.5 54.5 52.2 57.2 81.7 82.8 80.4 

Shyampur 87 78.2 76.9 80.0 67.1 69.3 63.9 39.5 37.8 41.3 57.2 55.9 58.6 79.5 79.0 80.2 

Kadamtali 88 82.2 78.9 85.3 71.5 73.7 69.0 36.9 34.5 39.6 57.5 57.1 57.9 78.7 77.5 79.9 

Kadamtali 89 85.3 84.2 86.4 74.2 76.9 71.3 45.5 47.4 43.5 60.1 58.7 61.6 82.7 82.2 83.3 

Shyampur 90 76.2 74.6 77.7 64.4 66.9 61.2 36.4 35.2 37.8 54.2 52.8 55.7 73.9 72.4 75.4 

Lalbagh 91 72.7 70.0 75.3 56.3 59.1 52.9 31.3 32.3 30.3 45.6 43.1 48.3 69.3 66.0 72.8 

Lalbagh 92 75.0 73.9 76.1 57.7 61.7 52.8 24.4 23.4 25.7 48.2 45.7 50.9 66.4 63.5 69.6 

Dhaka City 

Corporation 

All 83.5 86.0 80.4 80.8 83.8 76.7 48.7 48.8 48.6 56.2 57.5 54.7 78.3 80.2 76.3 

Range 23.3 29.3 27.0 36.6 36.6 34.8 44.6 44.8 47.7 19.4 24.3 18.4 22.2 26.7 23.2 

Min 72.7 68.2 67.4 56.3 59.1 52.8 24.4 23.4 25.7 45.6 43.1 47.4 66.4 63.5 65.9 

Max 96.0 97.4 94.5 92.9 95.7 87.6 69.0 68.2 73.3 65.0 67.4 65.8 88.6 90.1 89.0 

Mean 83.8 84.2 83.8 78.2 80.9 74.6 46.8 46.7 46.9 56.8 57.3 56.4 79.1 79.7 78.5 

S.D. 5.0 6.2 5.4 7.5 7.7 7.5 9.5 9.9 9.5 3.6 4.4 3.6 4.8 5.5 4.8 

158

ANNEX-3A 

Anneax Table 6.2 (continued): Literacy and school attendance of children and young population by ward, Dhaka City 



Biman Bandar, 

Uttara 



NAR at secondary school 

(11-15 years) (%) 


secondary (%) 


(11-15 years) (%) 


01 21.1 18.0 24.5 46.4 57.3 36.7 61.2 75.3 48.8 38.8 24.7 51.2 

Pallabi 02 19.9 20.5 19.4 44.0 42.6 45.3 66.1 66.7 65.5 33.9 33.3 34.5 

Pallabi 03 20.4 20.9 19.9 48.2 47.8 48.5 66.5 68.3 64.8 33.5 31.7 35.2 

Kafrul 04 22.1 20.2 24.2 45.6 45.8 45.3 68.1 74.2 61.2 31.9 25.8 38.8 

Pallabi 05 22.9 23.3 22.6 40.2 37.5 43.0 63.2 61.4 65.1 36.8 38.6 34.9 

Pallabi 06 24.2 22.6 25.8 40.8 43.8 38.0 58.7 65.4 52.5 41.3 34.6 47.5 


Shah Ali 

07 21.0 19.8 22.3 48.1 52.3 44.3 65.5 72.0 59.6 34.5 28.0 40.4 

Shah Ali 08 26.6 26.1 27.0 43.2 41.6 44.8 62.1 61.6 62.5 37.9 38.4 37.5 

Darus Salam 09 23.4 24.3 22.4 40.9 39.5 42.6 63.8 64.5 62.9 36.2 35.5 37.1 

Darus Salam 10 24.2 24.1 24.3 44.8 43.3 46.3 65.1 64.8 65.4 34.9 35.2 34.6 

Mirpur 11 21.1 19.1 23.3 50.2 53.0 47.8 68.3 73.6 63.5 31.7 26.4 36.5 

Mirpur 12 18.5 17.2 19.8 52.3 54.9 49.9 70.6 75.7 65.9 29.4 24.3 34.1 

Mirpur 13 22.1 20.7 23.5 48.5 50.4 46.9 67.8 72.0 64.0 32.2 28.0 36.0 

Kafrul, Mirpur 14 20.6 18.6 22.6 48.3 51.9 45.1 64.6 70.7 59.0 35.4 29.3 41.0 

Biman Bandar, 


15 26.2 25.7 26.6 49.1 50.7 47.6 67.3 71.3 63.6 32.7 28.7 36.4 

Kafrul 16 22.7 21.3 24.1 48.5 50.6 46.4 67.4 71.6 63.2 32.6 28.4 36.8 

Badda, Khilkhet 17 23.2 21.6 24.9 50.1 52.7 47.5 65.5 70.0 61.0 34.5 30.0 39.0 

Gulshan 18 18.5 17.2 19.9 51.8 52.9 50.8 67.9 71.6 64.7 32.1 28.4 35.3 

Gulshan 19 29.8 28.1 31.6 35.8 41.7 31.1 50.2 59.1 43.1 49.8 40.9 56.9 

Gulshan, 

Tejgaon Ind. 

Area 

20 25.1 23.4 26.9 45.6 48.6 42.7 62.6 69.6 56.3 37.4 30.4 43.7 

Badda 21 17.2 16.3 18.2 52.7 52.7 52.6 71.9 73.4 70.3 28.1 26.6 29.7 

159






(11-15 years) (%) 


secondary (%) 


(11-15 years) (%) 


Rampura 22 19.8 18.0 21.6 49.1 54.6 44.2 67.7 76.9 59.7 32.3 23.1 40.3 

Rampura 23 20.8 19.0 22.8 41.3 42.5 40.0 61.7 67.3 56.2 38.3 32.7 43.8 

Khilgaon 24 18.1 15.8 20.5 53.7 57.8 49.8 72.2 78.7 66.1 27.8 21.3 33.9 

Khilgaon 25 20.1 19.2 21.1 56.1 58.0 54.2 75.2 78.5 72.0 24.8 21.5 28.0 

Khilgaon 26 33.0 31.9 34.1 32.0 32.0 31.9 53.2 53.2 53.3 46.8 46.8 46.7 

Sabujbagh 27 16.4 15.3 17.6 57.2 58.2 56.2 76.5 79.0 73.9 23.5 21.0 26.1 

Sabujbagh 28 19.9 19.9 19.9 52.7 54.2 51.0 70.5 72.2 68.6 29.5 27.8 31.4 

Sabujbagh 29 19.7 20.0 19.5 53.5 50.6 57.0 71.1 68.7 74.0 28.9 31.3 26.0 

Sabujbagh 30 21.0 21.5 20.5 50.0 46.2 54.3 70.8 67.1 75.0 29.2 32.9 25.0 

Motijheel 31 23.3 24.4 22.1 50.4 49.6 51.4 64.8 63.7 66.0 35.2 36.3 34.0 

Motijheel 32 19.2 19.9 18.5 39.2 33.0 50.3 55.5 48.4 68.1 44.5 51.6 31.9 

Motijheel 33 19.1 17.4 21.2 66.6 67.5 65.7 81.7 85.5 77.5 18.3 14.5 22.5 

Motijheel 34 21.3 18.7 24.1 56.3 59.4 53.3 73.1 80.0 66.4 26.9 20.0 33.6 

Motijheel 35 18.7 16.7 20.8 50.8 53.2 48.6 68.3 72.5 64.4 31.7 27.5 35.6 

Paltan 36 26.8 25.4 28.4 43.1 48.3 38.7 55.3 61.0 50.4 44.7 39.0 49.6 

Tejgaon Ind. 

Area 

Tejgaon, 

Tejgaon Ind. 

Area 

37 33.0 34.6 31.3 35.4 32.8 38.6 52.3 49.4 56.0 47.7 50.6 44.0 

38 20.2 18.0 22.6 53.3 56.5 50.2 69.6 74.5 64.9 30.4 25.5 35.1 

Tejgaon 39 18.6 17.6 19.8 51.6 49.7 53.8 67.9 67.4 68.4 32.1 32.6 31.6 

Sher-E-Bangla 


Sher-E-Bangla 

Nagar 

40 18.2 15.0 21.5 50.1 56.5 44.8 67.3 78.6 58.0 32.7 21.4 42.0 

41 23.7 21.6 25.9 48.3 52.4 44.6 66.7 72.0 61.7 33.3 28.0 38.3 

Mohammadpur 42 16.2 14.4 18.2 52.3 56.0 48.1 70.7 76.7 64.0 29.3 23.3 36.0 

Adabor 43 31.3 30.6 31.9 35.9 38.2 33.6 54.3 58.8 50.0 45.7 41.2 50.0 

Mohammadpur 44 15.2 12.0 18.8 52.3 58.7 45.9 71.1 82.8 59.2 28.9 17.2 40.8 

160

ANNEX-3A 


Mohammadpur 


Mohammadpur 

Dhanmondi, 

Mohammadpur 

Dhanmondi, 

Hazaribagh 




(11-15 years) (%) 


secondary (%) 


(11-15 years) (%) 


45 23.0 22.0 24.0 41.6 47.6 36.1 60.3 69.9 51.6 39.7 30.1 48.4 

46 26.7 24.7 29.0 40.3 41.5 39.0 63.0 69.3 56.8 37.0 30.7 43.2 

47 28.0 27.5 28.5 42.6 41.7 43.6 62.1 62.5 61.6 37.9 37.5 38.4 

48 23.8 23.1 24.6 46.9 46.9 46.9 65.3 66.8 63.8 34.7 33.2 36.2 

Dhanmondi 49 20.0 12.1 27.4 40.7 54.8 32.4 53.3 73.5 41.4 46.7 26.5 58.6 

Kalabagan 50 20.3 18.6 21.9 43.3 44.5 42.3 59.1 62.9 56.0 40.9 37.1 44.0 

Kalabagan, Mohammadpur 

51 20.9 15.6 26.4 48.8 60.4 39.8 62.7 77.8 51.1 37.3 22.2 48.9 

New Market 52 17.6 14.2 21.4 41.8 42.9 40.7 55.0 58.4 51.4 45.0 41.6 48.6 

Ramna 53 22.2 15.3 27.4 44.4 53.9 39.6 57.7 70.9 51.0 42.3 29.1 49.0 

Ramna 54 18.2 15.9 20.7 48.4 50.6 46.5 67.1 72.5 62.4 32.9 27.5 37.6 

Ramna 55 25.7 24.5 27.0 50.7 51.8 49.5 69.5 72.4 66.5 30.5 27.6 33.5 

Lalbagh, Shahbagh 

56 21.3 18.9 23.8 42.2 41.9 42.6 56.0 57.7 54.0 44.0 42.3 46.0 

Shahbagh 57 18.7 15.6 21.8 49.1 52.9 46.2 62.5 69.1 57.4 37.5 30.9 42.6 

Hazaribagh 58 19.3 20.4 18.1 50.4 46.9 54.2 71.3 67.6 75.4 28.7 32.4 24.6 

Lalbagh 59 16.4 16.4 16.5 52.2 45.6 60.4 71.6 66.3 78.1 28.4 33.7 21.9 

Lalbagh 60 24.4 26.4 22.3 37.3 30.7 44.6 59.6 52.1 68.0 40.4 47.9 32.0 

Lalbagh 61 11.4 9.9 12.9 58.6 55.5 61.8 79.2 78.2 80.1 20.8 21.8 19.9 

Lalbagh 62 15.2 13.5 16.7 59.6 62.2 57.4 76.1 81.6 71.7 23.9 18.4 28.3 


Bazar 

63 15.9 14.0 17.9 52.5 53.5 51.5 68.5 69.5 67.6 31.5 30.5 32.4 

Chak Bazar 64 13.8 13.4 14.2 51.9 49.9 55.1 66.5 60.2 76.4 33.5 39.8 23.6 

161






(11-15 years) (%) 


secondary (%) 


(11-15 years) (%) 


Chak Bazar 65 24.9 26.9 22.6 37.8 28.9 50.8 56.2 46.7 70.0 43.8 53.3 30.0 


Bazar 


Bazar 

Bangshal, 

Kotwali 

66 25.2 27.8 22.1 39.4 32.9 53.5 49.2 40.3 68.4 50.8 59.7 31.6 

67 11.7 10.6 13.1 49.7 43.3 58.4 72.4 69.8 75.9 27.6 30.2 24.1 

68 12.7 14.3 11.0 49.8 40.5 63.9 64.1 54.0 79.4 35.9 46.0 20.6 

Bangshal 69 19.4 21.6 16.8 42.2 32.3 60.5 57.5 46.5 77.6 42.5 53.5 22.4 

Bangshal 70 19.9 23.5 15.2 35.0 25.4 58.6 47.4 36.7 74.1 52.6 63.3 25.9 

Bangshal, 

Kotwali 

71 28.9 34.9 21.2 31.1 20.4 56.9 40.8 27.6 72.9 59.2 72.4 27.1 

Kotwali 72 12.5 13.2 11.8 59.7 56.1 64.3 75.2 71.5 79.8 24.8 28.5 20.2 

Kotwali 73 19.3 19.7 18.8 48.0 39.4 64.5 60.7 51.4 78.4 39.3 48.6 21.6 

Sutrapur 74 15.2 16.2 14.0 48.8 42.3 57.5 63.0 55.8 72.6 37.0 44.2 27.4 

Sutrapur 75 21.2 18.9 23.6 54.0 56.3 51.9 69.1 73.5 65.0 30.9 26.5 35.0 

Gendaria, 

Jatrabari 

76 15.5 15.5 15.4 54.4 49.9 59.4 71.6 67.5 76.1 28.4 32.5 23.9 

Sutrapur 77 17.5 16.1 18.9 49.9 50.1 49.7 66.9 69.0 65.1 33.1 31.0 34.9 

Sutrapur 78 13.7 13.7 13.8 54.8 52.6 57.1 70.0 66.7 73.4 30.0 33.3 26.6 

Sutrapur 79 18.0 20.3 15.4 52.4 44.1 63.9 65.0 55.4 78.4 35.0 44.6 21.6 

Gendaria, 

Sutrapur 

80 15.2 16.7 13.6 51.6 45.2 59.4 69.9 63.9 77.2 30.1 36.1 22.8 

Gendaria 81 19.0 19.6 18.4 49.0 43.1 55.8 67.5 63.0 72.8 32.5 37.0 27.2 

Gendaria 82 12.3 12.4 12.3 48.2 42.9 55.7 72.4 71.2 74.0 27.6 28.8 26.0 

Shyampur 83 20.1 19.7 20.5 50.2 44.7 56.3 65.8 59.5 72.9 34.2 40.5 27.1 

Jatrabari 84 21.0 20.8 21.2 49.0 43.2 56.5 67.2 63.1 72.6 32.8 36.9 27.4 

Jatrabari 85 25.9 26.6 25.0 48.1 44.1 52.5 69.4 64.9 74.3 30.6 35.1 25.7 

Jatrabari 86 18.3 17.2 19.6 53.8 48.1 60.3 75.3 73.8 77.0 24.7 26.2 23.0 

162

ANNEX-3A 





(11-15 years) (%) 


secondary (%) 


(11-15 years) (%) 


Shyampur 87 20.5 21.0 19.8 45.0 42.7 48.2 63.0 60.3 66.8 37.0 39.7 33.2 

Kadamtali 88 21.3 22.5 20.1 46.7 42.1 51.9 66.7 62.3 71.6 33.3 37.7 28.4 

Kadamtali 89 17.3 17.8 16.7 52.2 48.3 56.2 70.9 67.3 74.8 29.1 32.7 25.2 

Shyampur 90 26.1 27.6 24.6 39.7 35.2 44.8 59.5 54.3 65.4 40.5 45.7 34.6 

Lalbagh 91 30.7 34.0 27.2 32.7 26.0 40.6 55.9 47.6 65.8 44.1 52.4 34.2 

Lalbagh 92 33.6 36.5 30.4 29.7 24.8 35.9 50.7 43.9 59.1 49.3 56.1 40.9 

Dhaka City 

Corporation 

All 21.7 19.8 23.7 46.5 46.1 46.8 64.6 65.9 63.3 35.4 34.1 36.7 

Range 22.2 26.7 23.2 36.9 47.1 34.6 40.9 57.9 38.8 40.9 57.9 38.8 

Min 11.4 9.9 11.0 29.7 20.4 31.1 40.8 27.6 41.4 18.3 14.5 19.9 

Max 33.6 36.5 34.1 66.6 67.5 65.7 81.7 85.5 80.1 59.2 72.4 58.6 

Mean 20.9 20.3 21.5 47.3 46.7 49.2 64.9 65.8 65.5 35.1 34.2 34.5 

S.D. 4.8 5.5 4.8 6.8 9.0 8.1 7.4 10.6 8.9 7.4 10.6 8.9 

163


Annex Table 6.3: Distribution of child worker (real) aged 10-14 years by gender and ward, Dhaka City Corporation, Bangladesh 2011 


% of real Child worker (aged 

10-14 years) 

% of real child worker (aged 10-14 years) employed by the following sector 



Biman Bandar 

01 

Uttara 

20.4 12.6 27.7 0.5 0.7 0.4 11.2 19.1 7.8 88.3 80.2 91.8 

Pallabi 02 15.9 16.2 15.6 0.5 0.7 0.3 50.8 51.3 50.3 48.7 48.0 49.4 

Pallabi 03 17.3 17.6 16.9 0.4 0.6 0.1 48.6 54.5 42.6 51.0 44.9 57.3 

Kafrul 04 16.6 14.2 19.5 0.3 0.6 0.0 50.1 44.6 54.9 49.6 54.8 45.1 

Pallabi 05 16.1 17.9 14.3 0.4 0.3 0.6 35.5 34.2 37.1 64.1 65.5 62.3 

Pallabi 06 20.0 17.0 22.8 0.4 0.4 0.4 49.7 49.2 50.0 49.9 50.3 49.7 

Mirpur, Pallabi 

07 

Shah Ali 

16.1 13.1 18.9 0.8 1.3 0.5 44.7 49.4 41.7 54.4 49.3 57.8 

Shah Ali 08 16.8 17.5 16.2 1.6 2.2 0.9 50.6 42.8 59.3 47.8 55.0 39.8 

Darus Salam 09 15.6 17.7 13.2 0.8 1.2 0.2 39.5 27.1 59.5 59.7 71.7 40.3 

Darus Salam 10 15.4 15.9 14.8 0.8 1.0 0.7 32.2 30.2 34.3 67.0 68.9 65.0 

Mirpur 11 16.1 12.6 19.4 0.1 0.0 0.2 26.0 27.5 25.1 73.9 72.5 74.7 

Mirpur 12 13.7 12.5 14.9 0.5 0.6 0.4 36.1 40.6 32.5 63.4 58.8 67.1 

Mirpur 13 16.5 14.6 18.3 0.4 0.8 0.1 44.1 47.3 41.7 55.5 51.9 58.3 

Kafrul, Mirpur 14 17.1 15.2 18.8 0.3 0.2 0.3 32.2 37.3 28.4 67.5 62.5 71.3 

Biman Bandar 

15 


14.5 12.5 16.5 0.8 1.5 0.3 37.9 29.9 43.9 61.3 68.6 55.8 

Kafrul 16 15.1 13.2 16.9 0.2 0.3 0.1 33.7 34.4 33.2 66.1 65.3 66.7 

Badda, Khilkhet 17 16.4 15.3 17.5 0.9 1.2 0.6 30.6 30.7 30.4 68.6 68.1 69.0 

Gulshan 18 15.1 12.9 17.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 6.0 4.2 95.0 94.0 95.8 

Gulshan 19 26.1 21.3 30.2 1.2 1.4 1.1 13.9 13.9 13.9 84.9 84.7 85.1 

Gulshan, 

20 

Tejgaon Ind. Area 

18.5 15.0 21.9 0.1 0.2 0.0 20.7 25.0 17.9 79.3 74.8 82.1 

Badda 21 12.5 12.5 12.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.8 9.0 4.4 93.2 91.0 95.6 

164

ANNEX-3A 



10-14 years) 




Rampura 22 14.9 11.2 18.2 0.3 0.7 0.1 18.3 22.2 16.1 81.4 77.1 83.8 

Rampura 23 20.3 17.2 23.3 0.5 0.8 0.3 14.1 13.9 14.2 85.4 85.3 85.5 

Khilgaon 24 14.8 11.9 17.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 12.9 19.3 8.7 86.5 80.0 90.7 

Khilgaon 25 10.1 9.5 10.7 0.5 0.7 0.3 18.0 17.1 18.8 81.5 82.2 80.9 

Khilgaon 26 19.6 20.5 18.7 0.5 0.7 0.3 32.5 23.8 42.9 67.0 75.5 56.8 

Sabujbagh 27 10.0 9.4 10.6 0.6 1.3 0.0 14.0 15.4 12.6 85.4 83.3 87.4 

Sabujbagh 28 16.0 18.6 13.0 0.3 0.5 0.0 8.2 7.3 9.8 91.5 92.2 90.2 

Sabujbagh 29 12.5 15.8 8.7 1.0 1.3 0.3 15.0 11.3 22.8 84.1 87.5 76.8 

Sabujbagh 30 12.2 15.4 8.6 0.3 0.4 0.0 21.8 23.6 18.2 77.9 76.0 81.8 

Motijheel 31 18.1 19.3 16.8 0.4 0.4 0.4 14.7 21.8 6.3 85.0 77.9 93.3 

Motijheel 32 29.2 38.3 14.8 0.3 0.4 0.0 6.3 6.6 5.0 93.4 93.0 95.0 

Motijheel 33 9.0 5.7 12.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 2.5 4.5 96.2 97.5 95.5 

Motijheel 34 15.1 10.4 19.8 0.2 0.3 0.2 3.6 5.8 2.5 96.2 93.9 97.3 

Motijheel 35 11.9 12.9 10.9 0.4 0.0 0.7 13.3 13.9 12.8 86.3 86.1 86.5 

Paltan 36 30.8 24.8 35.9 0.2 0.0 0.3 5.5 13.9 0.6 94.3 86.1 99.1 

Tejgaon Ind. Area 37 23.7 28.2 18.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 41.5 30.2 63.1 58.5 69.8 36.8 

Tejgaon, Tejgaon 

38 

Ind. Area 

15.9 13.2 18.6 0.2 0.6 0.0 25.1 27.4 23.5 74.7 72.0 76.5 

Tejgaon 39 15.1 17.8 12.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 12.2 10.2 15.6 87.7 89.7 84.4 

Sher-E-Bangla Nagar, 

40 

Tejgaon 

17.2 10.3 23.3 0.5 0.9 0.3 10.3 19.3 6.8 89.2 79.8 92.8 

Sher-E-Bangla Nagar 41 14.9 12.7 17.1 0.4 0.0 0.7 26.6 31.2 23.3 73.0 68.8 75.9 

Mohammadpur 42 15.2 12.7 18.1 0.2 0.5 0.0 10.1 14.9 6.4 89.7 84.6 93.6 

Adabor 43 20.5 19.1 21.9 0.6 0.9 0.3 25.6 22.6 28.1 73.9 76.6 71.6 

Mohammadpur 44 16.2 8.5 24.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 99.9 100.0 99.8 

165




10-14 years) 




Mohammadpur 45 16.2 14.7 17.6 0.3 0.7 0.0 5.1 9.8 1.4 94.6 89.5 98.6 


46 

Mohammadpur 

15.0 13.7 16.3 0.3 0.5 0.2 15.6 15.9 15.4 84.0 83.6 84.4 

Dhanmondi, 

47 

Mohammadpur 

14.6 15.7 13.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 15.1 13.4 17.1 84.6 86.3 82.6 

Dhanmondi, 

48 

Hazaribagh 

13.9 16.3 11.4 0.7 1.0 0.3 28.1 33.4 19.7 71.2 65.6 80.0 

Dhanmondi 49 37.0 19.9 48.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.9 0.2 99.6 99.1 99.8 

Kalabagan 50 24.6 22.2 26.6 0.6 0.9 0.4 14.6 26.8 6.1 84.8 72.4 93.5 

Kalabagan, 

51 

Mohammadpur 

19.5 12.2 25.5 0.5 0.7 0.4 3.2 6.8 1.8 96.3 92.5 97.8 

New Market 52 27.1 29.0 25.2 0.7 0.5 0.8 17.6 31.8 0.4 81.7 67.6 98.7 

Ramna 53 27.2 18.2 32.0 0.3 0.5 0.2 3.8 13.4 0.9 95.9 86.1 98.8 

Ramna 54 15.1 13.6 16.5 0.3 0.7 0.0 16.1 20.3 13.0 83.6 79.0 87.0 

Ramna 55 13.3 12.5 14.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 29.0 26.4 31.4 70.7 73.3 68.4 

Lalbagh, Shahbagh 56 24.0 28.7 18.7 0.7 1.1 0.0 20.3 29.2 4.7 79.0 69.7 95.3 

Shahbagh 57 18.4 15.8 20.6 0.6 0.0 1.0 1.6 4.0 0.0 97.8 96.0 99.0 

Hazaribagh 58 10.3 14.3 5.8 2.7 2.9 2.1 17.1 16.7 18.3 80.2 80.4 79.6 

Lalbagh 59 13.8 18.9 7.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 21.4 24.8 11.0 78.4 74.9 89.0 

Lalbagh 60 19.2 27.9 9.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 39.2 39.5 38.2 60.6 60.3 61.5 

Lalbagh 61 8.3 10.4 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 29.9 39.2 11.8 70.1 60.8 88.2 

Lalbagh 62 9.9 8.5 11.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.8 17.9 3.1 91.2 82.1 96.9 


63 

Bazar 

16.9 18.6 15.2 0.5 0.4 0.5 6.2 4.2 8.6 93.3 95.4 90.9 

Chak Bazar 64 19.5 28.3 6.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.0 8.1 0.0 93.0 91.9 100.0 

Chak Bazar 65 22.4 32.5 9.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 41.8 44.0 31.5 57.8 55.6 68.1 

166

ANNEX-3A 



10-14 years) 




Bangshal, 

66 

Chak Bazar 

32.4 44.2 10.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 24.4 25.9 12.0 75.5 74.0 88.0 

Bangshal, 

67 

Chak Bazar 

12.0 13.9 9.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.9 28.2 3.7 80.1 71.8 96.3 

Bangshal, Kotwali 68 22.5 33.9 6.2 3.4 3.5 2.4 19.4 21.1 6.0 77.2 75.3 91.6 

Bangshal 69 26.0 37.6 6.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 8.1 8.8 1.9 91.8 91.1 98.1 

Bangshal 70 36.2 49.1 8.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 51.7 55.3 7.0 48.3 44.7 93.0 

Bangshal, Kotwali 71 43.8 59.1 10.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 45.8 48.6 10.2 54.2 51.4 89.8 

Kotwali 72 11.7 17.1 5.1 1.4 1.8 0.0 38.0 39.6 31.5 60.5 58.6 68.5 

Kotwali 73 27.2 37.6 8.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.7 7.2 2.3 93.3 92.8 97.7 

Sutrapur 74 21.4 29.5 11.5 0.3 0.5 0.0 13.8 17.7 1.4 85.9 81.8 98.6 

Sutrapur 75 17.1 14.6 19.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.3 10.3 0.3 95.7 89.7 99.7 

Gendaria, Jatrabari 76 12.7 18.5 6.3 0.6 0.8 0.0 28.3 33.3 12.3 71.1 65.9 87.7 

Sutrapur 77 19.6 18.3 20.8 0.3 0.0 0.5 7.9 14.9 2.2 91.9 85.1 97.3 

Sutrapur 78 16.4 22.8 9.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.2 12.3 1.6 90.8 87.7 98.4 

Sutrapur 79 24.0 33.3 11.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 4.3 1.1 96.4 95.7 98.9 

Gendaria, Sutrapur 80 13.8 21.2 4.9 0.3 0.3 0.0 19.0 20.7 10.3 80.7 79.0 89.7 

Gendaria 81 15.6 21.1 9.4 0.5 0.7 0.0 1.7 2.0 0.9 97.8 97.3 99.1 

Gendaria 82 13.2 16.0 9.1 0.5 0.7 0.0 40.6 49.6 17.0 58.9 49.6 83.0 

Shyampur 83 19.1 25.3 12.2 0.1 0.0 0.3 23.1 29.7 8.1 76.8 70.3 91.6 

Jatrabari 84 15.7 21.0 9.3 0.1 0.2 0.0 18.6 21.9 9.7 81.3 78.0 90.3 

Jatrabari 85 9.9 14.1 5.2 0.6 0.4 1.3 18.2 16.6 22.9 81.2 83.0 75.8 

Jatrabari 86 10.2 12.7 7.4 0.2 0.0 0.5 12.7 17.6 3.0 87.2 82.4 96.6 

Shyampur 87 17.6 23.0 10.4 0.5 0.7 0.0 42.5 45.8 32.9 56.9 53.5 67.1 

Kadamtali 88 14.3 20.0 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37.4 38.8 33.7 62.6 61.3 66.3 

167




10-14 years) 




Kadamtali 89 10.6 15.0 5.9 0.6 0.7 0.6 48.6 47.7 51.2 50.7 51.6 48.2 

Shyampur 90 17.7 23.4 11.3 0.2 0.4 0.0 38.2 38.1 38.3 61.6 61.5 61.7 

Lalbagh 91 19.6 28.5 9.3 0.6 0.5 0.7 23.4 21.7 29.5 76.0 77.8 69.8 

Lalbagh 92 22.4 31.0 12.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 42.7 42.6 42.9 57.1 57.2 56.9 

Dhaka City 

Corporation 

All 17.4 18.1 16.6 0.4 0.6 0.3 25.0 27.6 22.0 74.6 71.8 77.7 

Range 35.5 53.4 43.1 3.4 3.5 2.4 51.7 55.3 63.1 52.1 55.3 63.2 

Min 8.3 5.7 4.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 47.8 44.7 36.8 

Max 43.8 59.1 48.1 3.4 3.5 2.4 51.7 55.3 63.1 99.9 100.0 100.0 

Mean 17.9 19.3 15.1 0.4 0.5 0.3 22.2 24.2 18.5 77.4 75.3 81.2 

S.D. 6.3 9.2 7.3 0.5 0.6 0.4 14.8 14.3 16.8 14.9 14.4 16.8 

168

ANNEX-3A 

Annex Table 6.4: Types of houses and access to sanitary toilet and electricity by ward, Dhaka City Corporation, Bangladesh 2011 


Biman Bandar, 

Uttara 


live in 

pucca houses 


live in 

semi-pucca 

houses 

% of 

households 

live 

in kutcha 

houses 


live in 

jhupri 

% of 

households 

having no 

access to 

sanitary 

toilet 

% of 

households 

without 

electricity 

connection 


with NO access 

to sanitation 

AND electricity 

Connection 


with access to 

sanitation AND 

electricity Connection 

01 80.9 7.8 4.3 7.0 7.0 6.3 3.8 90.4 

Pallabi 02 49.8 38.0 9.1 3.1 4.4 0.8 0.4 95.2 

Pallabi 03 50.5 35.0 3.7 10.8 8.6 0.3 0.1 91.2 

Kafrul 04 43.1 46.6 9.7 0.7 7.1 1.3 0.8 92.4 

Pallabi 05 39.0 50.4 8.6 2.0 10.5 0.5 0.2 89.2 

Pallabi 06 47.9 40.3 6.0 5.8 12.6 0.7 0.4 87.1 


Shah Ali 

07 57.3 28.9 6.4 7.3 7.3 0.3 0.0 92.4 

Shah Ali 08 44.1 39.8 11.3 4.8 7.7 1.7 1.1 91.7 

Darus Salam 09 41.0 49.0 7.7 2.2 3.2 0.6 0.1 96.2 

Darus Salam 10 37.9 44.1 14.1 3.9 13.6 3.4 0.9 83.9 

Mirpur 11 58.2 29.0 7.8 5.0 0.4 1.0 0.1 98.6 

Mirpur 12 64.6 30.8 3.8 0.8 2.2 0.6 0.1 97.3 

Mirpur 13 55.4 38.2 4.8 1.6 3.1 1.0 0.3 96.2 

Kafrul, Mirpur 14 64.1 32.4 2.8 0.7 1.6 0.8 0.3 97.8 

Biman Bandar, 


15 39.4 41.2 18.3 1.1 8.5 0.8 0.3 91.0 

Kafrul 16 55.8 38.6 4.6 1.1 6.5 1.2 0.6 92.9 

Badda, Khilkhet 17 44.1 45.8 7.8 2.3 4.3 2.6 1.1 94.3 

Gulshan 18 51.2 41.8 3.2 3.8 2.2 0.5 0.3 97.6 

Gulshan 19 46.8 5.2 47.2 0.7 8.8 1.2 0.4 90.4 

Gulshan, 


20 46.6 35.2 13.8 4.4 8.5 0.7 0.1 90.8 

Badda 21 47.6 46.0 4.8 1.6 1.6 0.5 0.1 98.1 

Rampura 22 72.5 19.9 6.1 1.4 4.3 0.7 0.2 95.1 

Rampura 23 56.7 29.9 12.0 1.4 8.9 0.5 0.1 90.7 

169




live in 

pucca houses 


live in 

semi-pucca 

houses 

% of 

households 

live 

in kutcha 

houses 


live in 

jhupri 

% of 

households 

having no 

access to 

sanitary 

toilet 

% of 

households 

without 

electricity 

connection 



to sanitation 


Connection 





Khilgaon 24 77.0 16.2 6.1 0.7 4.3 0.4 0.1 95.4 

Khilgaon 25 70.6 24.0 4.3 1.1 1.9 0.5 0.0 97.7 

Khilgaon 26 32.4 45.7 21.0 0.9 11.0 1.1 0.5 88.5 

Sabujbagh 27 65.9 29.2 4.7 0.3 2.4 0.7 0.2 97.1 

Sabujbagh 28 64.9 24.9 8.7 1.4 2.3 0.8 0.3 97.2 

Sabujbagh 29 75.4 17.1 4.1 3.4 1.8 1.9 0.1 96.5 

Sabujbagh 30 58.4 30.2 10.4 1.0 6.9 1.4 0.4 92.0 

Motijheel 31 66.4 24.7 6.3 2.7 9.8 1.9 1.6 89.8 

Motijheel 32 91.0 8.1 0.6 0.4 1.7 0.7 0.2 97.9 

Motijheel 33 93.3 6.1 0.3 0.3 0.9 1.2 0.6 98.5 

Motijheel 34 78.9 11.9 6.3 2.8 6.8 2.4 2.1 92.9 

Motijheel 35 72.3 25.6 1.4 0.7 3.0 0.5 0.3 96.7 

Paltan 36 96.5 3.0 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 99.6 

Tejgaon Ind. Area 37 35.2 25.4 31.0 8.3 27.7 1.7 1.4 72.0 

Tejgaon, 


38 63.4 27.3 5.3 4.0 3.5 1.4 0.8 95.9 

Tejgaon 39 67.7 24.5 1.6 6.2 6.6 1.8 0.5 92.1 

Sher-E-Bangla 


Sher-E-Bangla 

Nagar 

40 75.1 18.6 5.7 0.6 6.3 0.6 0.3 93.5 

41 52.0 25.3 11.6 11.2 17.3 3.3 2.8 82.2 

Mohammadpur 42 74.5 21.8 1.5 2.2 0.7 0.4 0.0 98.9 

Adabor 43 50.6 34.4 13.7 1.3 7.4 4.4 1.5 89.7 

Mohammadpur 44 92.0 7.6 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 99.7 

Mohammadpur 45 79.5 19.1 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.9 0.1 98.9 


Mohammadpur 

46 61.1 20.8 11.0 7.2 13.4 7.4 5.8 85.0 

170

ANNEX-3A 


Dhanmondi, 

Mohammadpur 

Dhanmondi, 

Hazaribagh 


live in 

pucca houses 


live in 

semi-pucca 

houses 

% of 

households 

live 

in kutcha 

houses 


live in 

jhupri 

% of 

households 

having no 

access to 

sanitary 

toilet 

% of 

households 

without 

electricity 

connection 



to sanitation 


Connection 





47 52.1 27.4 14.7 5.8 7.7 2.4 1.1 91.0 

48 67.4 20.0 5.9 6.7 4.1 4.4 2.5 94.0 

Dhanmondi 49 95.8 3.5 0.7 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 99.4 

Kalabagan 50 83.0 15.4 1.2 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.0 99.2 

Kalabagan, 

Mohammadpur 

51 88.5 9.5 1.0 1.0 2.6 0.3 0.0 97.1 

New Market 52 94.0 5.4 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 99.9 

Ramna 53 91.9 7.6 0.3 0.2 0.6 1.1 0.0 98.3 

Ramna 54 71.6 24.5 3.1 0.8 3.3 0.6 0.1 96.2 

Ramna 55 59.9 22.1 17.1 0.9 7.6 2.3 1.5 91.7 

Lalbagh, 

Shahbagh 

56 68.5 25.1 2.5 3.8 2.4 0.3 0.0 97.4 

Shahbagh 57 83.9 14.3 1.1 0.7 1.0 1.2 0.6 98.4 

Hazaribagh 58 59.5 28.8 9.9 1.7 3.9 1.8 0.4 94.7 

Lalbagh 59 77.8 20.0 0.8 1.4 1.6 0.5 0.0 97.9 

Lalbagh 60 45.8 37.4 15.0 1.8 3.0 1.3 0.4 96.1 

Lalbagh 61 79.7 19.5 0.5 0.4 1.2 0.7 0.1 98.2 

Lalbagh 62 86.7 12.9 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.1 99.2 

Bangshal, 

Chak Bazar 

63 87.5 11.7 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.0 99.7 

Chak Bazar 64 90.5 8.7 0.2 0.6 0.7 0.2 0.0 99.1 

Chak Bazar 65 67.2 21.1 9.2 2.5 3.8 0.3 0.0 96.0 

Bangshal, 

Chak Bazar 

Bangshal, 

Chak Bazar 

66 77.7 17.8 4.4 0.1 0.9 0.5 0.0 98.6 

67 86.8 12.2 0.1 0.9 0.3 0.5 0.0 99.3 

Bangshal, Kotwali 68 91.1 8.2 0.1 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.0 98.6 

171




live in 

pucca houses 


live in 

semi-pucca 

houses 

% of 

households 

live 

in kutcha 

houses 


live in 

jhupri 

% of 

households 

having no 

access to 

sanitary 

toilet 

% of 

households 

without 

electricity 

connection 



to sanitation 


Connection 





Bangshal 69 86.2 13.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.0 99.5 

Bangshal 70 92.3 7.6 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.0 99.0 

Bangshal, Kotwali 71 89.8 9.9 0.2 0.0 0.8 0.3 0.0 98.9 

Kotwali 72 94.8 4.6 0.1 0.4 2.7 0.5 0.2 97.0 

Kotwali 73 93.5 6.4 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.9 0.0 98.9 

Sutrapur 74 86.4 13.3 0.1 0.3 2.5 1.0 0.1 96.6 

Sutrapur 75 80.5 16.0 2.5 0.9 1.1 0.7 0.0 98.3 

Gendaria, Jatrabari 76 75.3 21.2 2.1 1.4 1.7 0.9 0.1 97.4 

Sutrapur 77 94.0 5.8 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.0 99.4 

Sutrapur 78 93.7 6.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 99.1 

Sutrapur 79 89.7 9.1 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.0 99.0 

Gendaria, 

Sutrapur 

80 81.9 16.9 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.0 99.7 

Gendaria 81 72.0 20.9 7.0 0.1 1.4 0.3 0.0 98.3 

Gendaria 82 70.9 23.3 3.7 2.1 2.2 0.4 0.1 97.4 

Shyampur 83 68.0 24.0 5.4 2.6 1.1 1.0 0.3 98.2 

Jatrabari 84 69.2 25.4 4.5 1.0 1.4 0.9 0.3 98.0 

Jatrabari 85 41.8 40.9 16.6 0.6 9.7 0.8 0.2 89.7 

Jatrabari 86 71.2 26.5 0.6 1.7 0.5 0.5 0.0 99.0 

Shyampur 87 52.6 38.0 5.8 3.6 3.4 0.9 0.3 96.1 

Kadamtali 88 52.8 43.7 2.3 1.2 1.2 0.3 0.0 98.5 

Kadamtali 89 57.2 39.9 2.3 0.6 1.2 0.4 0.0 98.3 

Shyampur 90 46.2 41.6 8.1 4.1 3.4 0.5 0.0 96.2 

Lalbagh 91 39.3 44.4 13.5 2.8 6.6 0.5 0.2 93.0 

Lalbagh 92 34.5 39.3 25.3 1.0 6.1 0.7 0.3 93.5 

Dhaka City Corporation 

All 60.8 28.6 8.0 2.6 5.3 1.4 0.6 93.9 

172

ANNEX-3A 



live in 

pucca houses 


live in 

semi-pucca 

houses 

% of 

households 

live 

in kutcha 

houses 


live in 

jhupri 

% of 

households 

having no 

access to 

sanitary 

toilet 

% of 

households 

without 

electricity 

connection 



to sanitation 


Connection 





Range 64.1 47.3 47.2 11.2 27.7 7.3 5.8 27.8 

Min 32.4 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 72.0 

Max 96.5 50.4 47.2 11.2 27.7 7.4 5.8 99.9 

Mean 67.7 24.1 6.1 2.0 4.1 1.1 0.4 95.3 

S.D. 18.2 13.0 7.4 2.4 4.5 1.2 0.9 4.6 

173


Annex-4: Comparison of Social Deprivation using Both Methods: Deprivation Count and 

Composite Deprivation Index (CDI), Bangladesh 2011 

Bottom15 districts: using 

deprivation count 

Bottom 15 districts: using CDI 

Bottom districts 

common in both 

methods 

Division District Division District District 

Sylhet Sunamganj Sylhet Sunamganj Sunamganj 

Chittagong 

Bandarban 

Bandarban 

Bandarban 

Chittagong 

Cox’s Bazar Cox’s Bazar Cox’s Bazar 

Dhaka Netrakona Dhaka Netrakona Netrakona 

Barisal Bhola Barisal Bhola Bhola 

Sylhet Habiganj Rajshahi Chapai Nawabganj Chapai Nawabganj 

Rangpur Gaibandha Rangpur Kurigram Kurigram 

Rajshahi Chapai Nawabganj Sylhet Habiganj Habiganj 

Rangpur Kurigram Rajshahi Sirajganj Sirajganj 

Dhaka Sherpur Rangpur Gaibandha Gaibandha 

Chittagong Rangamati Dhaka Sherpur Sherpur 

Dhaka Jamalpur Chittagong Rangamati Rangamati 

Chittagong Khagrachhari Rangpur Nilphamari Jamalpur 

Rajshahi 

Naogaon 

Mymensingh 

Dhaka 

Sirajganj 

Jamalpur 

174

ANNEX-5A: Pockets of Social Deprivation: Ranking of the Districts by Composite Deprivation 

Index (CDI), Bangladesh 2011 

Division District CDI value Rank* 

Barisal Jhalokati 15 1 

Khulna Khulna 15 1 

Chittagong Feni 16 3 

Dhaka Munshiganj 16 3 

Khulna Bagerhat 17 5 

Barisal Barisal 17 5 

Barisal Pirojpur 17 5 

Chittagong Chandpur 18 8 

Chittagong Chittagong 18 8 

Dhaka Dhaka 18 10 

Dhaka Gazipur 18 10 

Rajshahi Joypurhat 18 10 

Rajshahi Rajshahi 18 10 

Barisal Barguna 19 14 

Dhaka Gopalganj 19 14 

Khulna Jessore 19 14 

Khulna Magura 19 14 

Rajshahi Natore 19 14 

Dhaka Rajbari 19 14 

Khulna Narail 20 20 

Rangpur Panchagarh 20 20 

Chittagong Comilla 21 22 

Dhaka Faridpur 21 22 

Dhaka Madaripur 21 22 

Dhaka Manikganj 21 22 

Dhaka Narayanganj 21 22 

Khulna Satkhira 21 22 

Sylhet Sylhet 21 22 

Rangpur Dinajpur 22 29 

Khulna Jhenaidah 22 29 

Khulna Kushtia 22 29 

Khulna Meherpur 22 29 

Dhaka Tangail 22 29 

Rajshahi Bogra 23 34 

Sylhet Maulvibazar 23 34 

*Ascending order: best to worst. 

ANNEX-5A 

175


Division District CDI value Rank* 

Dhaka Narsingdi 23 34 

Chittagong Noakhali 23 34 

Rajshahi Pabna 23 34 

Rangpur Thakurgaon 23 34 

Barisal Patuakhali 24 40 

Rangpur Rangpur 24 40 

Dhaka Shariatpur 24 40 

Chittagong Lakshmipur 25 43 

Rajshahi Naogaon 25 43 

Chittagong Brahmanbaria 26 45 

Khulna Chuadanga 26 45 

Chittagong Khagrachhari 26 45 

Dhaka Kishoregonj 26 45 

Rangpur Lalmonirhat 26 45 

Dhaka Jamalpur 27 50 

Dhaka Mymensingh 27 50 

Rangpur Nilphamari 27 50 

Chittagong Rangamati 27 50 

Dhaka Sherpur 27 50 

Rangpur Gaibandha 28 55 

Rajshahi Sirajganj 28 55 

Sylhet Habiganj 29 57 

Rangpur Kurigram 29 57 

Rajshahi Chapai Nawabganj 29 57 

Barisal Bhola 32 60 

Dhaka Netrakona 32 60 

Chittagong Cox’s Bazar 33 62 

Chittagong Bandarban 34 63 

Sylhet Sunamganj 34 63 


176

ANNEX-5B 

ANNEX-5B: Pockets of Social Deprivation: Ranking of the Upazilas by Composite Deprivation 

Index (CDI), Bangladesh 2011 

Division District Upazila CDI Value Rank* 

Chittagong Chittagong Boalkhali 12 1 

Barisal Jhalokati Jhalokati Sadar 12 1 

Barisal Barisal Babuganj 13 3 

Chittagong Chittagong Hathazari 13 3 

Chittagong Chittagong Raozan 13 3 

Chittagong Feni Daganbhuiyan 13 3 

Barisal Pirojpur Pirojpur Sadar 13 3 

Chittagong Chittagong Sitakunda 14 8 

Dhaka Dhaka Nawabganj 14 8 

Chittagong Feni Chhagalnaiya 14 8 

Chittagong Noakhali Chatkhil 14 8 

Khulna Bagerhat Bagerhat Sadar 15 12 

Khulna Bagerhat Fakirhat 15 12 

Barisal Barisal Agailjhara 15 12 

Barisal Barisal Banari Para 15 12 

Barisal Barisal Barisal Sadar 15 12 

Barisal Barisal Wazirpur 15 12 

Chittagong Feni Feni Sadar 15 12 

Dhaka Gazipur Kaliganj 15 12 

Khulna Jessore Jessore Sadar 15 12 

Barisal Jhalokati Nalchity 15 12 

Barisal Jhalokati Rajapur 15 12 

Khulna Khulna Phultala 15 12 

Dhaka Munshiganj Gazaria 15 12 

Dhaka Munshiganj Sreenagar 15 12 

Dhaka Munshiganj Tongibari 15 12 

Rajshahi Natore Bagatipara 15 12 

Chittagong Noakhali Sonaimuri 15 12 

Barisal Pirojpur Bhandaria 15 12 

Barisal Pirojpur Nesarabad 15 12 

Khulna Bagerhat Kachua 16 31 

Barisal Barguna Betagi 16 31 

Barisal Barisal Bakerganj 16 31 

Barisal Barisal Gaurnadi 16 31 

Rajshahi Bogra Shajahanpur 16 31 

Chittagong Chandpur Matlab Uttar 16 31 

Chittagong Chittagong Patiya 16 31 


177



Chittagong Comilla Comilla Adarsha Sadar 16 31 

Dhaka Dhaka Dhamrai 16 31 

Dhaka Dhaka Dohar 16 31 

Chittagong Feni Fulgazi 16 31 

Barisal Jhalokati Kanthalia 16 31 

Chittagong Lakshmipur Ramganj 16 31 

Dhaka Munshiganj Lohajang 16 31 

Rajshahi Natore Natore Sadar 16 31 

Chittagong Noakhali Begumganj 16 31 

Chittagong Noakhali Senbagh 16 31 

Barisal Patuakhali Mirzaganj 16 31 

Chittagong Rangamati Kaptai 16 31 

Chittagong Rangamati Rangamati Sadar 16 31 

Khulna Bagerhat Mongla 17 51 

Khulna Bagerhat Morrelganj 17 51 

Barisal Barguna Bamna 17 51 

Rajshahi Bogra Bogra Sadar 17 51 

Chittagong Chittagong Mirsharai 17 51 

Chittagong Feni Parshuram 17 51 

Dhaka Gopalganj Kashiani 17 51 

Khulna Khulna Dumuria 17 51 

Khulna Khulna Dighalia 17 51 

Khulna Magura Sreepur 17 51 

Dhaka Manikganj Ghior 17 51 

Dhaka Manikganj Manikganj Sadar 17 51 

Khulna Narail Narail Sadar 17 51 

Dhaka Narsingdi Palash 17 51 

Barisal Patuakhali Dumki 17 51 

Barisal Pirojpur Kawkhali 17 51 

Rajshahi Rajshahi Durgapur 17 51 

Dhaka Rajbari Baliakandi 17 51 

Dhaka Rajbari Rajbari Sadar 17 51 

Khulna Satkhira Debhata 17 51 

Sylhet Sylhet Dakshin Surma 17 51 

Dhaka Tangail Basail 17 51 

Dhaka Tangail Mirzapur 17 51 

Khulna Bagerhat Rampal 18 74 

Khulna Bagerhat Sarankhola 18 74 

Barisal Barguna Barguna Sadar 18 74 


178

ANNEX-5B 


Chittagong Chandpur Chandpur Sadar 18 74 

Chittagong Chandpur Faridganj 18 74 

Chittagong Chandpur Matlab 18 74 

Chittagong Chandpur Shahrasti 18 74 

Chittagong Chittagong Chandanaish 18 74 

Chittagong Chittagong Satkania 18 74 

Chittagong Comilla Burichang 18 74 

Chittagong Comilla Comilla Sadar Dakshin 18 74 

Rangpur Dinajpur Dinajpur Sadar 18 74 

Dhaka Gazipur Kapasia 18 74 

Dhaka Gopalganj Gopalganj Sadar 18 74 

Rajshahi Joypurhat Akkelpur 18 74 

Rajshahi Joypurhat Joypurhat Sadar 18 74 

Khulna Jessore Abhaynagar 18 74 

Khulna Jessore Manirampur 18 74 

Khulna Khulna Dacope 18 74 

Khulna Kushtia Kushtia Sadar 18 74 

Khulna Magura Magura Sadar 18 74 

Khulna Magura Shalikha 18 74 

Dhaka Munshiganj Munshiganj Sadar 18 74 

Dhaka Munshiganj Serajdikhan 18 74 

Dhaka Narsingdi Shibpur 18 74 

Rajshahi Rajshahi Mohanpur 18 74 

Rajshahi Rajshahi Puthia 18 74 

Khulna Satkhira Kalaroa 18 74 

Sylhet Sylhet Beani Bazar 18 74 

Sylhet Sylhet Golapganj 18 74 

Sylhet Sylhet Sylhet Sadar 18 74 

Dhaka Tangail Delduar 18 74 

Barisal Barguna Patharghata 19 106 

Chittagong Chandpur Hajiganj 19 106 

Chittagong Chittagong Rangunia 19 106 

Chittagong Comilla Brahmanpara 19 106 

Chittagong Comilla Chauddagram 19 106 

Dhaka Faridpur Alfadanga 19 106 

Dhaka Faridpur Faridpur Sadar 19 106 

Dhaka Faridpur Madhukhali 19 106 

Chittagong Feni Sonagazi 19 106 

Khulna Jessore Bagherpara 19 106 


179



Khulna Jessore Chaugachha 19 106 

Khulna Jessore Jhikargachha 19 106 

Chittagong Khagrachhari Khagrachhari Sadar 19 106 

Khulna Khulna Rupsa 19 106 

Dhaka Madaripur Madaripur Sadar 19 106 

Khulna Magura Mohammadpur 19 106 

Sylhet Maulvibazar Maulvibazar Sadar 19 106 

Khulna Narail Lohagara 19 106 

Rajshahi Pabna Ishwardi 19 106 

Rangpur Panchagarh Atwari 19 106 

Dhaka Rajbari Kalukhali 19 106 

Khulna Satkhira Tala 19 106 

Rajshahi Bogra Dhupchanchia 20 128 

Chittagong Brahmanbaria Akhaura 20 128 

Chittagong Chittagong Anowara 20 128 

Chittagong Comilla Barura 20 128 

Chittagong Comilla Daudkandi 20 128 

Chittagong Comilla Debidwar 20 128 

Chittagong Comilla Manoharganj 20 128 

Dhaka Dhaka Savar 20 128 

Dhaka Gazipur Sreepur 20 128 

Dhaka Gopalganj Kotalipara 20 128 

Khulna Jessore Keshabpur 20 128 

Khulna Jhenaidah Kotchandpur 20 128 

Khulna Jhenaidah Shailkupa 20 128 

Khulna Khulna Batiaghata 20 128 

Chittagong Lakshmipur Roypur 20 128 

Dhaka Manikganj Harirampur 20 128 

Dhaka Manikganj Saturia 20 128 

Khulna Meherpur Mujib Nagar 20 128 

Khulna Meherpur Meherpur Sadar 20 128 

Rajshahi Naogaon Naogaon Sadar 20 128 

Dhaka Narayanganj Sonargaon 20 128 

Dhaka Narayanganj Bandar 20 128 

Rajshahi Natore Lalpur 20 128 

Rajshahi Pabna Bhangura 20 128 

Rangpur Panchagarh Panchagarh Sadar 20 128 

Barisal Patuakhali Bauphal 20 128 

Barisal Pirojpur Mathbaria 20 128 


180

ANNEX-5B 


Barisal Pirojpur Nazirpur 20 128 

Barisal Pirojpur Zianagar 20 128 

Rajshahi Rajshahi Baghmara 20 128 

Rajshahi Rajshahi Charghat 20 128 

Rangpur Rangpur Rangpur Sadar 20 128 

Dhaka Shariatpur Naria 20 128 

Dhaka Shariatpur Shariatpur Sadar 20 128 

Khulna Satkhira Satkhira Sadar 20 128 

Sylhet Sylhet Fenchuganj 20 128 

Dhaka Tangail Gopalpur 20 128 

Barisal Barguna Amtali 21 165 

Barisal Barisal Muladi 21 165 

Rajshahi Bogra Adamdighi 21 165 

Rajshahi Bogra Gabtali 21 165 

Rajshahi Bogra Kahaloo 21 165 

Chittagong Brahmanbaria Kasba 21 165 

Chittagong Chandpur Kachua 21 165 

Chittagong Chittagong Lohagara 21 165 

Chittagong Chittagong Sandwip 21 165 

Chittagong Comilla Chandina 21 165 

Chittagong Comilla Laksam 21 165 

Rangpur Dinajpur Bochaganj 21 165 

Rangpur Dinajpur Chirirbandar 21 165 

Rangpur Dinajpur Fulbari 21 165 

Rangpur Dinajpur Hakimpur 21 165 

Dhaka Gazipur Gazipur Sadar 21 165 

Dhaka Gazipur Kaliakair 21 165 

Dhaka Gopalganj Muksudpur 21 165 

Dhaka Gopalganj Tungipara 21 165 

Rajshahi Joypurhat Khetlal 21 165 

Rajshahi Joypurhat Panchbibi 21 165 

Dhaka Jamalpur Jamalpur Sadar 21 165 

Dhaka Jamalpur Sarishabari 21 165 

Khulna Jhenaidah Jhenaidah Sadar 21 165 

Khulna Jhenaidah Kaliganj 21 165 

Khulna Khulna Paikgachha 21 165 

Dhaka Kishoregonj Pakundia 21 165 

Khulna Kushtia Bheramara 21 165 

Khulna Kushtia Khoksa 21 165 


181



Khulna Kushtia Kumarkhali 21 165 

Dhaka Madaripur Kalkini 21 165 

Dhaka Madaripur Rajoir 21 165 

Dhaka Manikganj Shibalaya 21 165 

Dhaka Manikganj Singair 21 165 

Dhaka Narsingdi Manohardi 21 165 

Rajshahi Natore Baraigram 21 165 

Chittagong Noakhali Companiganj 21 165 

Rajshahi Pabna Atgharia 21 165 

Rajshahi Pabna Pabna Sadar 21 165 

Rangpur Panchagarh Tentulia 21 165 

Barisal Patuakhali Patuakhali Sadar 21 165 

Rajshahi Rajshahi Bagha 21 165 

Rajshahi Rajshahi Paba 21 165 

Khulna Satkhira Assasuni 21 165 

Khulna Satkhira Kaliganj 21 165 

Rajshahi Sirajganj Kamarkhanda 21 165 

Sylhet Sylhet Bishwanath 21 165 

Dhaka Tangail Tangail Sadar 21 165 

Khulna Bagerhat Chitalmari 22 213 

Khulna Bagerhat Mollahat 22 213 

Rajshahi Bogra Nandigram 22 213 

Chittagong Brahmanbaria Ashuganj 22 213 

Chittagong Chittagong Fatikchhari 22 213 

Chittagong Comilla Nangalkot 22 213 

Chittagong Comilla Titas 22 213 

Dhaka Dhaka Keraniganj 22 213 

Rangpur Dinajpur Birampur 22 213 

Rangpur Dinajpur Kaharole 22 213 

Rangpur Dinajpur Parbatipur 22 213 

Dhaka Faridpur Bhanga 22 213 

Dhaka Faridpur Nagarkanda 22 213 

Dhaka Faridpur Sadarpur 22 213 

Sylhet Habiganj Habiganj Sadar 22 213 

Rajshahi Joypurhat Kalai 22 213 

Khulna Jhenaidah Maheshpur 22 213 

Rangpur Kurigram Rajarhat 22 213 

Chittagong Lakshmipur Lakshmipur Sadar 22 213 

Sylhet Maulvibazar Barlekha 22 213 


182

ANNEX-5B 


Khulna Narail Kalia 22 213 

Dhaka Narayanganj Narayanganj Sadar 22 213 

Dhaka Narayanganj Rupganj 22 213 

Rajshahi Pabna Chatmohar 22 213 

Rangpur Panchagarh Boda 22 213 

Dhaka Shariatpur Damudya 22 213 

Khulna Satkhira Shyamnagar 22 213 

Dhaka Tangail Bhuapur 22 213 

Dhaka Tangail Ghatail 22 213 

Rangpur Thakurgaon Pirganj 22 213 

Rangpur Thakurgaon Thakurgaon Sadar 22 213 

Chittagong Brahmanbaria Brahmanbaria Sadar 23 244 

Rangpur Dinajpur Khansama 23 244 

Dhaka Faridpur Boalmari 23 244 

Khulna Jessore Sharsha 23 244 

Khulna Jhenaidah Harinakundu 23 244 

Khulna Kushtia Mirpur 23 244 

Rangpur Lalmonirhat Hatibandha 23 244 

Dhaka Madaripur Shib Char 23 244 

Sylhet Maulvibazar Kulaura 23 244 

Dhaka Mymensingh Bhaluka 23 244 

Dhaka Mymensingh Mymensingh Sadar 23 244 

Rajshahi Naogaon Badalgachhi 23 244 

Rajshahi Naogaon Raninagar 23 244 

Dhaka Narsingdi Belabo 23 244 

Chittagong Noakhali Noakhali Sadar 23 244 

Rangpur Panchagarh Debiganj 23 244 

Chittagong Rangamati Rajasthali 23 244 

Dhaka Shariatpur Bhedarganj 23 244 

Dhaka Shariatpur Zanjira 23 244 

Rajshahi Sirajganj Sirajganj Sadar 23 244 

Sylhet Sylhet Balaganj 23 244 

Sylhet Sylhet Zakiganj 23 244 

Dhaka Tangail Dhanbari 23 244 

Dhaka Tangail Kalihati 23 244 

Dhaka Tangail Sakhipur 23 244 

Chittagong Bandarban Bandarban Sadar 24 269 

Rajshahi Bogra Sonatola 24 269 

Chittagong Brahmanbaria Nabinagar 24 269 


183



Khulna Chuadanga Jiban Nagar 24 269 

Rangpur Dinajpur Biral 24 269 

Rangpur Dinajpur Ghoraghat 24 269 

Rangpur Dinajpur Nawabganj 24 269 

Dhaka Faridpur Char Bhadrasan 24 269 

Khulna Khulna Koyra 24 269 

Dhaka Kishoregonj Kishoreganj Sadar 24 269 

Sylhet Maulvibazar Rajnagar 24 269 

Rajshahi Naogaon Atrai 24 269 

Rajshahi Naogaon Patnitala 24 269 

Rajshahi Natore Gurudaspur 24 269 

Rangpur Nilphamari Saidpur 24 269 

Chittagong Noakhali Kabirhat 24 269 

Rajshahi Rajshahi Tanore 24 269 

Dhaka Rajbari Pangsha 24 269 

Rangpur Rangpur Pirgachha 24 269 

Rajshahi Sirajganj Kazipur 24 269 

Dhaka Sherpur Nakla 24 269 

Barisal Barisal Mehendiganj 25 290 

Rajshahi Bogra Sherpur 25 290 

Rajshahi Bogra Shibganj 25 290 

Chittagong Chandpur Haim Char 25 290 

Khulna Chuadanga Alamdanga 25 290 

Khulna Chuadanga Damurhuda 25 290 

Chittagong Comilla Meghna 25 290 

Chittagong Comilla Muradnagar 25 290 

Rangpur Dinajpur Birganj 25 290 

Khulna Khulna Terokhada 25 290 

Dhaka Kishoregonj Bhairab 25 290 

Dhaka Kishoregonj Hossainpur 25 290 

Dhaka Kishoregonj Karimganj 25 290 

Rangpur Kurigram Char Rajibpur 25 290 

Rangpur Kurigram Phulbari Sadar 25 290 

Rangpur Lalmonirhat Kaligang 25 290 

Khulna Meherpur Gangni 25 290 

Sylhet Maulvibazar Juri 25 290 

Sylhet Maulvibazar Kamalganj 25 290 

Dhaka Mymensingh Gaffargaon 25 290 

Rajshahi Naogaon Dhamoirhat 25 290 


184

ANNEX-5B 


Rajshahi Naogaon Mahadebpur 25 290 

Rajshahi Chapai Nawabganj Nachole 25 290 

Rajshahi Pabna Faridpur 25 290 

Rajshahi Pabna Santhia 25 290 

Rajshahi Pabna Sujanagar 25 290 

Barisal Patuakhali Kala Para 25 290 

Dhaka Rajbari Goalanda 25 290 

Rangpur Thakurgaon Ranisankail 25 290 

Rajshahi Bogra Dhunat 26 319 

Chittagong Comilla Homna 26 319 

Chittagong Cox’s Bazar Cox’s Bazar Sadar 26 319 

Rangpur Gaibandha Palashbari 26 319 

Dhaka Jamalpur Melandaha 26 319 

Chittagong Khagrachhari Mahalchhari 26 319 

Chittagong Khagrachhari Ramgarh 26 319 

Rangpur Kurigram Ulipur 26 319 

Rangpur Lalmonirhat Aditmari 26 319 

Rangpur Lalmonirhat Lalmonirhat Sadar 26 319 

Dhaka Mymensingh Gauripur 26 319 

Dhaka Mymensingh Muktagachha 26 319 

Rajshahi Naogaon Manda 26 319 

Rajshahi Naogaon Niamatpur 26 319 

Dhaka Narayanganj Araihazar 26 319 

Dhaka Narsingdi Narsingdi Sadar 26 319 

Rajshahi Natore Singra 26 319 

Dhaka Netrakona Netrokona Sadar 26 319 

Rangpur Nilphamari Domar 26 319 

Rajshahi Rajshahi Godagari 26 319 

Chittagong Rangamati Kawkhali 26 319 

Rangpur Rangpur Mithapukur 26 319 

Rajshahi Sirajganj Ullah Para 26 319 

Dhaka Tangail Madhupur 26 319 

Dhaka Tangail Nagarpur 26 319 

Barisal Bhola Bhola Sadar 27 344 

Rajshahi Bogra Sariakandi 27 344 

Chittagong Brahmanbaria Banchharampur 27 344 

Khulna Chuadanga Chuadanga Sadar 27 344 

Chittagong Cox’s Bazar Chakoria 27 344 

Sylhet Habiganj Nabiganj 27 344 


185



Chittagong Khagrachhari Dighinala 27 344 

Chittagong Khagrachhari Matiranga 27 344 

Chittagong Khagrachhari Panchhari 27 344 

Dhaka Kishoregonj Bajitpur 27 344 

Dhaka Kishoregonj Kuliar Char 27 344 

Khulna Kushtia Daulatpur 27 344 

Sylhet Maulvibazar Sreemangal 27 344 

Dhaka Mymensingh Haluaghat 27 344 

Rajshahi Chapai Nawabganj Chapai Nawabganj Sadar 27 344 

Rangpur Nilphamari Nilphamari Sadar 27 344 

Barisal Patuakhali Dashmina 27 344 

Rangpur Rangpur Pirganj 27 344 

Dhaka Shariatpur Gosairhat 27 344 

Rajshahi Sirajganj Royganj 27 344 

Dhaka Sherpur Jhenaigati 27 344 

Barisal Bhola Burhanuddin 28 365 

Chittagong Brahmanbaria Bijoynagar 28 365 

Rangpur Gaibandha Gobindaganj 28 365 

Rangpur Gaibandha Sadullapur 28 365 

Rangpur Gaibandha Saghata 28 365 

Sylhet Habiganj Madhabpur 28 365 

Rangpur Kurigram Bhurungamari 28 365 

Rangpur Kurigram Kurigram Sadar 28 365 

Rangpur Lalmonirhat Patgram 28 365 

Dhaka Mymensingh Fulbaria 28 365 

Dhaka Narsingdi Roypura 28 365 

Rangpur Nilphamari Dimla 28 365 

Rangpur Nilphamari Jaldhaka 28 365 

Rangpur Rangpur Badarganj 28 365 

Rangpur Rangpur Gangachara 28 365 

Rangpur Rangpur Kaunia 28 365 

Rangpur Rangpur Taraganj 28 365 

Rajshahi Sirajganj Belkuchi 28 365 

Dhaka Sherpur Nalitabari 28 365 

Sylhet Sunamganj Jagannathpur 28 365 

Rangpur Thakurgaon Baliadangi 28 365 

Rangpur Thakurgaon Haripur 28 365 

Barisal Barisal Hizla 29 387 

Barisal Bhola Daulat Khan 29 387 


186

ANNEX-5B 


Chittagong Brahmanbaria Sarail 29 387 

Rangpur Gaibandha Gaibandha Sadar 29 387 

Sylhet Habiganj Chunarughat 29 387 

Dhaka Kishoregonj Katiadi 29 387 

Dhaka Kishoregonj Tarail 29 387 

Rangpur Kurigram Chilmari 29 387 

Rangpur Kurigram Raumari 29 387 

Dhaka Manikganj Daulatpur 29 387 

Dhaka Mymensingh Trishal 29 387 

Rajshahi Chapai Nawabganj Gomastapur 29 387 

Rajshahi Pabna Bera 29 387 

Barisal Patuakhali Galachipa 29 387 

Chittagong Rangamati Naniarchar 29 387 

Rajshahi Sirajganj Shahjadpur 29 387 

Rajshahi Sirajganj Tarash 29 387 

Dhaka Sherpur Sherpur Sadar 29 387 

Sylhet Sunamganj Chhatak 29 387 

Sylhet Sylhet Kanaighat 29 387 

Barisal Bhola Tazumuddin 30 407 

Dhaka Faridpur Saltha 30 407 

Dhaka Jamalpur Dewanganj 30 407 

Dhaka Jamalpur Madarganj 30 407 

Dhaka Mymensingh Phulpur 30 407 

Rajshahi Naogaon Porsha 30 407 

Rajshahi Chapai Nawabganj Bholahat 30 407 

Rajshahi Chapai Nawabganj Shibganj 30 407 

Dhaka Netrakona Kendua 30 407 

Rangpur Nilphamari Kishoreganj 30 407 

Dhaka Sherpur Sreebardi 30 407 

Sylhet Sunamganj Sunamganj Sadar 30 407 

Chittagong Chittagong Banshkhali 31 419 

Chittagong Cox’s Bazar Kutubdia 31 419 

Chittagong Cox’s Bazar Ramu 31 419 

Dhaka Jamalpur Bakshiganj 31 419 

Dhaka Jamalpur Islampur 31 419 

Chittagong Khagrachhari Manikchhari 31 419 

Rangpur Kurigram Nageshwari 31 419 

Dhaka Mymensingh Ishwarganj 31 419 

Dhaka Mymensingh Nandail 31 419 


187



Rajshahi Naogaon Sapahar 31 419 

Dhaka Netrakona Atpara 31 419 

Dhaka Netrakona Mohanganj 31 419 

Dhaka Netrakona Purbadhala 31 419 

Chittagong Rangamati Jurai Chhari Upazil 31 419 

Sylhet Sylhet Jaintiapur 31 419 

Chittagong Bandarban Rowangchhari 32 434 

Barisal Bhola Char Fasson 32 434 

Chittagong Brahmanbaria Nasirnagar 32 434 

Rangpur Gaibandha Sundarganj 32 434 

Sylhet Habiganj Bahubal 32 434 

Chittagong Khagrachhari Lakshmichhari 32 434 

Dhaka Kishoregonj Nikli 32 434 

Dhaka Mymensingh Dhobaura 32 434 

Chittagong Rangamati Baghaichhari 32 434 

Chittagong Rangamati Barkal 32 434 

Chittagong Bandarban Ruma 33 444 

Barisal Bhola Lalmohan 33 444 

Chittagong Cox’s Bazar Pekua 33 444 

Chittagong Lakshmipur Ramgati 33 444 

Dhaka Netrakona Durgapur 33 444 

Chittagong Rangamati Langadu 33 444 

Rajshahi Sirajganj Chauhali 33 444 

Sylhet Sunamganj Dakshin Sunamganj 33 444 

Sylhet Sunamganj Derai 33 444 

Chittagong Cox’s Bazar Teknaf 34 453 

Sylhet Habiganj Ajmiriganj 34 453 

Dhaka Kishoregonj Itna 34 453 

Chittagong Lakshmipur Kamalnagar 34 453 

Dhaka Netrakona Barhatta 34 453 

Dhaka Netrakona Kalmakanda 34 453 

Dhaka Netrakona Madan 34 453 

Chittagong Noakhali Subarnachar 34 453 

Chittagong Rangamati Belai Chhari 34 453 

Sylhet Sunamganj Dowarabazar 34 453 

Sylhet Sunamganj Sulla 34 453 

Sylhet Sylhet Companiganj 34 453 

Sylhet Sylhet Gowainghat 34 453 

Chittagong Bandarban Lama 35 466 


188

ANNEX-5B 


Chittagong Cox’s Bazar Maheshkhali 35 466 

Chittagong Cox’s Bazar Ukhia 35 466 

Rangpur Gaibandha Fulchhari 35 466 

Sylhet Habiganj Baniachong 35 466 

Sylhet Habiganj Lakhai 35 466 

Dhaka Netrakona Khaliajuri 35 466 

Sylhet Sunamganj Jamalganj 35 466 

Chittagong Bandarban Thanchi 36 474 

Dhaka Kishoregonj Austagram 36 474 

Chittagong Noakhali Hatiya 36 474 

Sylhet Sunamganj Dharampasha 36 474 

Barisal Bhola Manpura 37 478 

Dhaka Kishoregonj Mithamain 37 478 

Sylhet Sunamganj Bishwambarpur 37 478 

Sylhet Sunamganj Tahirpur 37 478 

Chittagong Bandarban Alikadam 38 482 

Chittagong Bandarban Naikhongchhari 38 482 


189

190

Child Equity Atlas - BIDS

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