Shimming: Theory and Practice - UCLA-DOE
Shimming: Theory and Practice - UCLA-DOE Shimming: Theory and Practice - UCLA-DOE
Off-Axis Shimming As mentioned above, the off-axis, or tesseral, shims dont change too much from sample to sample. Usually its sufficient to just shim on the lock. I work my way up from low order shims (x, y) to high order shims (xz 4 , yz 4 , xyz 3 , (x 2 -y 2 )z 3 , x 3 z, y 3 z) and then back down, working in complementary pairs (i.e. xz and yz), and iterating between shims of the same order. If you need to shim the off axis shims really well, you should spin the sample. If the sample is spun at 20Hz, and a first order tesseral shim is misset, spinning sidebands at +/- 20Hz will appear in the spectrum. This is because each volume element will return to a particular field strength once per revolution. Effect of incorrect x or y shim with sample spinning at 20 Hz: Since the modulation is 20Hz, this tells you that the degree of the shim that needs adjusting is 1, but it doesnt tell you which shim(s) is responsible. x, y, xz, yz, xz 2 , etc are all possible. When the sample is spun, the zonal and tesseral inhomogeneities are separated out. The tesseral inhomogeneity determines the depth of the modulation and the size of the sidebands, while the zonal inhomogeneity controls the overall shape and duration of the FID and the lineshape.
Effect of 2,2 (xy or x 2 -y 2 ) inhomogeneity with sample spinning at 20 Hz: Now the spinning sidebands are at +/- 40Hz because each volume element will pass through a given field strength twice per revolution. This is quite useful in shimming because it narrows down the shims that need adjusting. Of course there are problems with this as well: Less than 20% modulation of the FID gives mostly m th degree spinning sidebands, but more than this (if a shim is really far off) gives sidebands at integer multiples of the spinning frequency. So it can be confusing. You best bet is to work on lowest degree (in x and y) shims first, then move to higher degree shims. Even in a perfectly homogeneous B 0 field, B 1 inhomogeneity can produce spinning sidebands
- Page 1 and 2: Shimming: Theory and Practice Dr. R
- Page 3 and 4: The functions P nm (cosθ) are poly
- Page 5 and 6: Modern shims are coils that produce
- Page 7 and 8: Since the sample is not centered at
- Page 9 and 10: As we misset shims of higher order,
- Page 11: Shimming the higher order z shims:
- Page 15 and 16: Now look at the spectrum and evalua
- Page 17 and 18: Fourier Imaging Increment # 1 stren
- Page 19 and 20: 1D image of field inhomogeneity a b
- Page 21 and 22: Phase difference -90 -45 0 1 2 3 Im
- Page 23 and 24: 3D images and field mapping G z G x
- Page 25 and 26: Heres a simple example: 1 shim (z),
- Page 27: Spectrum Optimization Topshim perfo
Off-Axis <strong>Shimming</strong><br />
As mentioned above, the off-axis, or tesseral, shims dont change too much<br />
from sample to sample. Usually its sufficient to just shim on the lock. I work<br />
my way up from low order shims (x, y) to high order shims (xz 4 , yz 4 , xyz 3 ,<br />
(x 2 -y 2 )z 3 , x 3 z, y 3 z) <strong>and</strong> then back down, working in complementary pairs (i.e.<br />
xz <strong>and</strong> yz), <strong>and</strong> iterating between shims of the same order.<br />
If you need to shim the off axis shims really well, you should spin the sample.<br />
If the sample is spun at 20Hz, <strong>and</strong> a first order tesseral shim is misset,<br />
spinning sideb<strong>and</strong>s at +/- 20Hz will appear in the spectrum. This is because<br />
each volume element will return to a particular field strength once per<br />
revolution.<br />
Effect of incorrect x or y shim with sample spinning at 20 Hz:<br />
Since the modulation is 20Hz, this tells you that the degree of the shim that<br />
needs adjusting is 1, but it doesnt tell you which shim(s) is responsible. x, y,<br />
xz, yz, xz 2 , etc are all possible.<br />
When the sample is spun, the zonal <strong>and</strong> tesseral inhomogeneities are<br />
separated out. The tesseral inhomogeneity determines the depth of the<br />
modulation <strong>and</strong> the size of the sideb<strong>and</strong>s, while the zonal inhomogeneity<br />
controls the overall shape <strong>and</strong> duration of the FID <strong>and</strong> the lineshape.
Change language