Druppel Edition 23-2 - Dispuut Watermanagement

Volume 23 | May 2013
The Water Prof. and the Water Prince
RAINGAIN
Marie-claire ten Veldhuis
Flood protection Vietnam
Mark de Weerd

2
Colofon
Colofon
Volume 23, Number 2,
May 2013
The ‘Druppel’ is a magazine of the student
society of watermanagement of the TU Delft.
The magazine is published four times a year.
Editors
Frans Willem Hamer
Remko Nijzink
Dirk Eilander
David Ginting
Luis S. Ruiz
Pradeep Rathore
Design
Dirk Eilander
Remko Nijzink
Frans Willem Hamer
The ‘Druppel’ is distributed to
all members and relations of the
‘Dispuut Watermanagement’
Faculty of Civil Engineering
and Geosciences
Contact
Dispuut Watermanagement
Room 4.74
Stevinweg 1
2628 CN Delft
015-2784284
druppelDWM@gmail.com
www.dispuutwatermanagement.nl
www.facebook.com/Druppelmagazine
Cover
Tim van Emmerik
-
Thawing ice, a bridge, a watery sun, the Nieuwe
Kerk and the Verwersdijk: isn’t it beautiful?
Can you send the beer to the U.S.?
Dear Druppel readers,
This is already the last edition of this academic
year. Most of us can look back on a year of hard
work, dedication and hopefully satisfying results.
Some of us have gained so much knowledge and
skills, that they “don’t look like a student anymore,
but like an engineer”. This also happened to some
of the Druppel editiors. The day before writing
this, Dirk has graduated! The remaining committee
members would like to congratulate him and thank
him for all his work for the Druppel. Hopefully, now
you have opened this Druppel, Dirk is distributing
his knowledge in Africa. In the previous edition
Dirk has told us all about his African experiences in
Ghana. This edition includes Remko’s experiences in
the estuaries in Malaysia. He is working on his final
thesis, just like David and Luis.
This edition is one where the usual water
hazards are replaced by joy and happiness. Our
Water Prince has been crowned King and therefore
the Druppel looks back on the years he was active
in the water sector. He has a stronger connection
with our department than you might think.
Still, the water hazards pollution and fluvial
floods have a place in this edition. If you haven’t
picked a holiday destination for this summer, you
might get inspired by one of the many articles of
students abroad. Enjoy reading!
On behalf of the Druppel Committee,
Frans Willem Hamer
26-04-2013
Druppel - Volume 23 - May 2013

3
Table of contents
Anthonie Hogendoorn
4
From the board
5
Cover contest & Graduates
Remko Nijzink
7
International water news
Frans Willem Hamer about the new King
9
A new historical water figure
Water Prof. Huub Savenije about
10
The Water Prince
Wouter Berghuijs is getting in touch with
12
The Young Hydrologic Society
Remko Nijzink wondering about
13
Tenang?! Sangat tenang!
Mark de Weerd‘s adventures during a
14
Flood protection project Vietnam
Gerard Pijcke telling his
15
Internship story
Luciano Raso thinks about
17
Water under uncertainty
Marie-claire ten Veldhuis knows about
Tim van Emmerik works on
David Ginting and Pradeep Rathore getting to know
20
23
24
RAINGAIN
The dielectric constant
Theo Olsthoorn
Table of contents
Joris de Vos tells about
27
The Active Members Day
David Ginting got a souvenir from the
28
UN World Water Day
Prof. Dhrubajyoti Sen explaining
29
Kosi River floods
Fei Cui is reporting a Chinese
30
Pig incident
Jose M. Torcal is
31
Living the Dutch experience
Laura Sterna and her new job
33
You say Water, I say Railway!
Remko Nijzink
34
Dispuut Puzzles
Druppel - Volume 23 - May 2013

4
From the board
From the board & Incoming mail
One of the best things about not being president
of whatever committee, association etc. is that you
aren’t asked for writing introductory literature.
However, with the ‘real’ chairman Tom being a few
miles away, I have to fulfill his task (painfully enough!).
Last period can best be characterized by
quietness. Besides the obvious reason of 1/3 of the
board being abroad, it can also be attributed to the
delayed start of the summer season. One activity
was even skipped due to a lack of subscriptions. As
looking backward is bad for your health and way
less challenging than looking forward, we will skip
the ‘memorizing history-part’ and continue with the
future. We hope though that the awaking sun will
prepare us for the coming period with several nice
activities.
On the 8th of May the annual symposium will
be held. With the theme ‘Water: the elixir of life’ you
should be enthusiastic immediately to join. Not yet
subscribed? You can do so by contacting us through
mail or on the subscription list at room 4.74. With
András Szöllösi-Nagy (rector UNESCO-IHE) being
key-note speaker, it promises to be very interesting.
Incoming mail
Dear reader,
Like many students of the department I have
spent a couple of months abroad. When I arrived
back in Delft the department had not changed
much. However, there are several things that
have changed. My former desk was taken over by
a new student. Some people would consider this
troublesome. However, there was something much
worse. There is a rumour that there is a student
who has a WHITE IPHONE! Do not get me wrong,
I like my own iPhone. However, would you be able
When the sun is shining even more bright,
the second edition of the national student
championships pipe fitting will be organized. It is
absolutely wonderful that TU Delft again got the
honour of the organizational responsibility. With the
strong lobby (Lobke?) of our dispuut we were again
lucky that the location of performance remains the
same: in front of the CiTG building. Through posters
and facebook we will keep you updated on the
development. One big secret I can tell you already:
the date exclusively selected for this event is the
5th of June.
I am not going to spend words on the minor
things as end of year drinks, BBQ etc. One important
activity remains though: the sailing weekend.
Originally enough our super activity-team is
organizing an all-inclusive 4 stars weekend. Between
serious conversations with your classmates you can
take your seat in a sailing tub and experience what
it is to be sustainable. Being transported over water
just and only by the grace of a pressure difference;
what should I say more: subscribe!
From the website-statistics we know that a
significant part of our members is checking our
website at least daily to see if the new web-site is
online. As former boards failed in this task, we took
this challenge and fulfilled it (almost). Have a look at
our new website, which is an organized platform of
the most important issues going on. It also contains
an extensive list with job, thesis and internship
opportunities.
Keep up the good work in studying, although
the weather will make it more unattractive.
On behalf of the 52nd board,
Anthonie Hogendoorn
Vice-chairman
to take any male colleague serious if he pulled out
a white iPhone. To maintain the serious reputation
of this faculty I therefore ask you to ignore this
guy until the moment he decides to change it for a
normal colour.
An anonymous reader
Do you have comments on the articles? You don’t
agree with the contest winner? Or do you just want to share
your water story with us? Send in your mail and we place
it in the next Druppel!
Druppel - Volume 23 - May 2013

5
Cover contest
This time, the Druppel readers made the
editors even more nervous than last time. And the
theme wasn’t difficult at all. In fact, you could take
possible Cover Contest Pictures literally at the
doorstep of the faculty as the theme was “Water
in Delft.” However, there was one former student
who took his chance after sending in pictures for
every issue, but unfortunately never ended up
on the cover. He sent in five(!) pictures of which
four were of excellent quality, and one was simply
not as good as the other. Therefore, the Druppel
committee does not only want to congratulate Tim
with his recent graduation, but also with his first
Druppel Cover! This shows that if you keep being
persistent, it eventually works out! •
3
1 2
Graduates & Cover Contest
Graduates February 2013 - April 2013
Sanitary Engineering
None
Hydrology
Wang Ling
Data requirements for model structure identification
Water Resources Management
Tim van Emmerik
Diurnal differences in vegetation dielectric constant as a measure of water stress
Dirk Eilander
Remotely sensed small reservoir monitoring: a Bayesian approach
Druppel - Volume 23 - May 2013

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7
International water news
Remko Nijzink
Peru bores through Andes to water
desert
April 4, 2013
Peru’s Olmos Valley might be a desert now, with
rare rains and rivers that trickle to life for just a few
months a year, but a radical engineering solution
for water scarcity could soon create an agricultural
bonanza here.
Fresh water that now tumbles down the eastern
flank of the Andes mountains to the Amazon basin
and eventually the Atlantic Ocean will instead move
west through the mountains to irrigate this patch
of desert on Peru’s coast. It will then drain into the
Pacific Ocean.
The Herculean project to reverse the flow of
water and realize a century-old dream is in many
ways the most important water work ever in
Peru. It could serve as a blueprint for the kind of
construction projects needed to tackle worsening
water scarcity. It has included drilling a 12-mile
tunnel through the formidable Andes to capture
abundant water flows on the other side. That feat
required a drill 1,000 feet long.
It aims to fix Peru’s most emblematic water
problem. Rainfall on the coast averages six inches
(150 mm) per year and the project is coming online
as Peru’s tropical glaciers, a source of fresh water for
millions, melt away with rising global temperatures.
(Reuters)
U.S. recommends removal of dams
April 4, 2013
The U.S. government recommended the
removal of four hydroelectric dams on the Klamath
River in Oregon and California to aid native salmon
runs and help resolve a decades-long struggle over
allocation of scarce water resources.
The U.S. Interior Department proposal, which
comes as the largest dam removal project in U.S.
history is nearing completion in Washington state,
concerns a system of dams that straddle the
Oregon-California border.
The proposal to dismantle the dams owned
by utility PacifiCorp coincides with a broader push
by environmentalists and others to restore salmon
fisheries in the Klamath Basin and elsewhere in the
nation.
The dams recommended for removal, two
in Oregon and two in California, block upstream
spawning migrations of salmon and place juvenile fish
at risk by slowing their return to the Pacific Ocean.
(Reuters)
Advert turns air into drinking water
March 22, 2013
Just outside Lima, Peru, a billboard provides
drinking water to whoever needs it - mainly, its
neighbours.
The panel produces clean water from the
humidity in the air, through filters.
Researchers at the University of Engineering
and Technology (UTEC) in Lima and advertising
agency Mayo Peru DraftFCB joined forces to launch
it.
UTEC says it wanted to put “imagination into
action” and show that it is possible to solve people’s
problems through engineering and technology.
“A billboard that produces drinking water from
air,” says the billboard up high. And it does what it
says on the tin: so far, the billboard has produced
over 9,000 litres of drinking water - 96 litres a day.
The panel is strategically located in the village
of Bujama, an area south of the capital city that is
almost a desert, where some people have no access
to clean water.
(BBC)
Strong regional sea-level rise during
the onset of Antarctic glaciation
April 21, 2013
An international team of scientists discovered
a surprisingly strong regional sea-level rise which
occurred during the onset of Antarctic glaciation
about 34 million years ago, while the global sealevel
on average lowered. In an article, published
in Nature Geoscience, scientists of the Royal
Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ),
Utrecht University and TU Delft explain why.
About 34 million years ago the climate at
Antarctica changed from temperate without
much ice to a polar climate. The ice-sheet grew
geologically fast. Worldwide the sea-level dropped
by 60-80 meters, since the water was extracted
from the oceans, forming the first large ice-sheet on
Antarctica. The researchers were surprised to find
that the sea-level around Antarctica didn’t drop, but
rose with about 150 meters.
This regional sea-level rise can be explained
by combining several geophysical models. The
weight of the growing ice-sheet lowered the
Antarctic crust which in turn caused the uplift of
the immediate surroundings, under water. But even
more important is that the enormous mass of ice
has a huge attraction (gravity) to the seawater.
Mass attracts mass. Even today, there are immense
regional differences in sea-level. It’s impossible to
speak of a worldwide uniform sea-level rise or -fall.
(TU Delft)
International Water News
Druppel - Volume 23 - May 2013

Water drijft ARCADIS
Wat drijft jou?
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Imagine the result

9
A new historical water figure
Frans Willem Hamer
For the past fifteen years,
the newly crowned King Willem-
Alexander has been active in the
water sector. When he was crowned,
he abdicated his official national and
international functions. Therefore,
this article looks back on the years
that the crown prince was active in
the water sector.
In his first official interview on
television in 1997, Willem-Alexander
announced that he would like to
‘dive into’ watermanagement, as one of his ‘anchor
points’ in life. His father, the late prince Claus, had a
huge affection for development work, especially in
the African continent. The trips with his father to
Africa and seeing the water related issues on the
continent must have inspired Willem-Alexander
In 2000, he became the chairman of the
Adviescommissie Water, a steering committee that
advises ministers and statesmen in the financial and
social aspects of watermanagement. The committee
is also involved in the Delta programme, water
resources management, insurance and standard
regarding water safety.
Willem-Alexander’s work in
the water sector is not limited
to the national level. He took the
post of Patron of the Global Water
Partnership in 1998 and he was the
chairman of the 2nd world water
forum in The Hague in March 2000.
In 2006, he became the chairman of
the UNSGAB, the United Nations
Secretary General’s Advisory Board
on Water and Sanitation. In this
function he advised the UN-secretary general Ban
Ki-moon and raised worldwide awareness for water
and sanitation.
The main topics the advisory board focuses on
are the Millennium Goals, water hazards and the
world wide sanitation problems. The Millennium
Goals are to halve the number of people that are
not connected to safe drinking water and basic
sanitation by 2015, by promoting measures on
water management, finance and monitoring. •
A new historical water figure
Druppel - Volume 23 - May 2013

10
The Water Prof. and the Water Prince
The Water Prof. and the Water Prince
Huub Savenije about his time with Prince Willem-Alexander
Pradeep Rathore & Frans Willem Hamer
Prince Willem-Alexander will have been
inaugurated as King by the time this issue comes
out. Other than being the King of Netherlands, he
is an avid worker in the Water sector. He studied
water management after graduating from university
and has been active in the field ever since.
Professor Savenije was one of the Watermanagement
trainers of Prince Willem-Alexander.
At that time he was the professor of water
resources management at the UNESCO-IHE. The
Prince was lectured using a ‘tailor made training
program’ along with a group of 20 professionals
with diverse interests and expertise. During the
Water-management course, the Prince’s focus was
not on modeling, but more on water quality and
quantity, economic implications, societal impact,
decision making and planning in the context of
water management issues. For this article, Druppel
interviewed professor Savenije about his time with
the Prince of Orange.
“The Prince was like a normal
student, except that he was
particulary smart in seeing all
the complex relations”
Before the Prince got involved in watermanagement,
he had the reputation of a lively
student and as we all know, that’s not always very
positive. “He wanted to become a professional
and not remain a casual partying and college going
student anymore. Dutch people think that you have
to gain respect, not that you inherit your respect.”
That’s why the Prince started looking for a subject
for his professional career. His personal secretary
helped him find a societal relevant subject for his
future.
“There were quite a few options. ICT, IT, sports
or anything related to society which he felt good
about. It was a difficult decision as most of these
things were done by many people. He wanted to do
something special. But it was probably his father’s
influence that drew him to water since his father
was a diplomat and had a great affinity with Africa
and Development issues in Africa. He was the
Inspector General of the ministry of Foreign Affairs.
His brother, who studied aerospace engineering in
Delft, may have suggested water management. This
may have been the reasoning and the process that
led to the decision which was made in consultation
with the family and staff.” That famous interview
with Paul Witteman in 1997 surprised everyone
except professor Savenije. When asked about his
motivation for choosing water, the Prince’s reply
was simple yet strong - “Why not water?” At that
time, professor Savenije was looking for a way
to promote the water sector together with his
colleague Bert Diphoorn, with whom he wrote the
water policy for foreign affairs called “water for the
future”. They felt great seeing this interview and
thought of giving the policy manual to him. Bert
Diphoorn got invited by Willem-Alexander’s father
to discuss the avenues for his future studies. That is
how they got in contact.
The Prince and the professor made trips to
Brazil and Africa. to get hands-on experience of
the water problems in the world. Around the same
time, it was decided to make him the chairman of
the World Water Forum in The Hague for gaining
international exposure. The Prince’s study program
consisted of lectures, group work and role plays. The
lectures took place once a week in the afternoon
for about a year and prepared him for the event.
Sanitation was very high on the agenda of things to
be done. As prof. Savenije put it: “People don’t want
to look closely at it, but it is important.” There was a
list of 5-6 things that needed to be brought forward.
Water scarcity, disregard of green water, dealing with
international waters and the risks related to floods
and droughts also remained an area of concern.
On a personal note, prof. Savenije remembers,
“The Prince was like a normal student, except that
he was particularly smart in seeing all the complex
relations. When you talk to him, he immediately
sees the importance of things and the linkages. But
he was not a hydrologist, he was not a modeler.
He was really into resources management, and the
social and policy part of it.”
Their most memorable experience besides the
nice travelling expeditions around the world was
the opening of the world water forum. A group
of environmental activist who were against the
building of dams in Spain, entered the conference
hall and went streaking on the podium. It was a
tough situation, but as Savenije remembers, “The
way the Prince handled it was very mature and selfassured.
It showed there was someone who had the
knowledge and guts to intervene at the time it was
necessary. He did it in a composed and dignified
way.”
After the floods in Mozambique in 2000,
Willem-Alexander visited the disaster area together
with Huub Savenije. “We went to an area with a
hospital where he passed all the beds. But not in
front of the camera, as he doesn’t like doing things
Druppel - Volume 23 - May 2013

in front of the camera.”
The influence of the Prince on the water sector
has been felt both at national and an international
level. “As the advisor of the UN secretary-general
he really put sanitation high on the agenda. In
African and Arab countries, people did not speak
about sanitation. It was seen as something you don’t
talk about. But he actually did the opposite; in his
meeting with the heads of states, he talked about
it. And because of that sanitation was put higher on
the priority lists.”
“For the first time in his
life, he felt that he was a
professional”
“In the Netherlands he was the Chairman of the
advisory committee on water, he helped to change
the view of the ministry on flood protection. In my
inaugural address at UNESCO-IHE I said that in
Holland we were not dealing with flood protection
well enough, because we were not informing the
people about possible disasters. They tried to keep it
silent. They did not talk about evacuations, risks etc.
The ministry’s opinion was that ‘we give protection
and we don’t create panic’. It was all about hard
defenses, with no space for inundation. But the
Prince put ‘room for the rivers’ high on the agenda.”
Not only did the Prince influence the water
sector, but the water sector did change the Prince
as well. “For the first time in his life, he felt that he
was a professional. If you grow up in that position,
you are not allowed to do anything. It is not good
for your self-esteem, if you have no answer to why
you deserve that respect! So you have to work for
it, and if you don’t have the opportunity to work for
it, then you feel uncomfortable. That has not only
been good for him, but also for the country.”
“He has been a good ambassador for the
Netherlands, but also a great ambassador for water
education. Many young people in the Netherlands
choose a study that ends up being useless to them.
In water resources, you actually learn a trade which
is valuable. Not only do you learn how you manage
situations, you also know quantitatively what the
characteristics of your system are. And that is a
kind of knowledge that only people who studied
hard, from the math to the physics of the system,
understand. And he made that attractive to people.
So studying water has become more attractive
thanks to him. If you went to secondary schools in
the past, there were few people that actually knew
that they could study something related to water,
but because of the Prince people at least know that
it exists.”
After he becomes King, he will stay involved in
the watersector, although not in an official function.
“He said in his speech at the World Water Day, ‘You
haven’t seen the last of me!’. He will still remain
involved, perhaps as an ambassador.” •
11
The Water Prof. and the Water Prince
On expedition, from left to right: Huub Savenije, Prince Willem-Alexander and Bert Diphoorn
Druppel - Volume 23 - May 2013

Getting in touch with the
Young Hydrologic Society
12
The Young Hydrologic Society
Wouter Berghuijs & Tim van Emmerik
Every year during April
there is one very quiet week
at the department of Water
Management in Delft. During
this week a large part of the
staff members head for Vienna
to attend the largest geoscience
conference in Europe. The European Geosciences
Union General Assembly is the yearly conference
of EGU that hosts over 11000 attendees from
different continents for a week full of oral and poster
presentations, medal lectures, lunch meetings, debates,
short courses and more. The visitors are diverse as
there are more than a dozen divisions ranging from
Seismology, to Earth & Space Science Informatics, and
Hydrology. Since last year several MSc students of
Delft are allowed to visit the conference working as a
conference assistant.
“The YHS is an initiative to
stimulate the interaction and
active participation of young
hydrologists”
response and managed to get a team of six together:
four PhD students situated in Germany, Switzerland
and Ireland and the two of us.
With this team we set up the Young Hydrologic
Society (name of the initiative) and organized our first
public meeting to introduce the initiative, establish
the goals of the initiative, and motivate young peers
to get involved. This meeting called Getting in touch
with the Young Hydrologic Society attracted over
thirty young peers and the EGU Hydrologic Sciences
division president. Although not everybody attended
the entire meeting as it was scheduled at the same
time as that day’s poster sessions and it was followed
up by a Medal Lecture, we still managed to find out
what the needs of the other young hydrologists were
and had a 45 minutes discussion on that topic.
Wouter presenting at the EGU conference in Vienna
When we were in the lucky position to work at With the initiative now known to the public
the conference last year we realized that, although we decided that the Young Hydrologic Society is
the Hydrologic Sciences division is the largest of an initiative to stimulate the interaction and active
all divisions, it did not have any working group or participation of young hydrologists within the
committee representing the young members within hydrologic community. A “young hydrologists” is a
this division. There were a few very interesting things vague term thus we defined what that is:
organized for the ‘youngest’ hydrologists, however Anybody that thinks that he or she can benefit and/or
all initiatives were organized top-down, thus did not contribute from the initiative that focuses on the hydrologic
originated and were not organized by the younger scientific community, but is not strictly limited to.
members. This lack of involvement of young scientists Together on the short term we will:
made us decide that we should try to find a group of (a) try to connect young hydrologists early in
young peers that think similar and want to organize their career, (b) organize events to bring together
things. With this idea we went to our professors and young hydrologists, and (c) provide information for
the Hydrological Sciences division president of EGU. young hydrologists.
They both thought this was an excellent idea and With the meeting just a few days ago and a clear
were supportive. Now the difficult part started. To be view of what our young peers want we now will do
a success the initiative should not be the product of our very best to improve on these issues. Because it
just two students from Delft, but it should be run by is difficult to predict how we manage to get things of
a bunch of people from different universities spread the ground over the coming months we can make no
over Europe. With this in our mind we built a simple promises on what to expect exactly, but we can only
website and started advertising by giving a two minute invite you to stay updated by checking our website
pitch during the IAHS prediction in ungauged basins www.younghs.com or by becoming a member of
symposium in Delft. With this exposure and an email our LinkedIn group (groupname: “Young Hydrologic
to the attending professors we got quite a lot of Society”). •
Druppel - Volume 23 - May 2013

Tenang?! Sangat tenang!
Remko Nijzink
A plane with two students
arrived at Kuala Lumpur
International Airport at the
20th of February. Goal of
these students: Fieldwork!
Fieldwork is an important part
of the master thesis, and not
an unpleasant experience as it
was in a tropical country. The
goal of the fieldwork was to determine the salinity
distribution in three estuaries during the tidal slack.
But why do you actually have to go to Malaysia
for this? And do the local people need these
measurements? These questions arise quite often
with family and friends when you tell them about
these measurements. And unfortunately the answers
are not always very satisfying for all of them…
Malaysia has many natural, alluvial estuaries, and we
try to expand the existing database of estuaries
with many different and preferably new estuaries
as well. And will it help the local people there..?
To be honest, I don’t know. Of course now there is
more information about the salt intrusion in “their”
estuary, but if they need it? The gathered data will be
more important to derive general theory, and that is
also why this measuring campaign is important. You
need as many different estuaries as possible to derive
general theory about estuaries.
“You integrate more than the
standard traveller”
But then, when you eventually convinced them,
they might ask: how do the measurements work?
Well, let me explain. First step, you install divers to
measure water levels at several places along the river.
You do this during the low tide, because then you can
easily connect the pipe with the diver to a jetty or
bridge without getting wet. This means however that
you should also collect them during low water, as
they might be drowned during the high water… Well,
you probably guess it already, we were late once. And
our local boatmen simply did not want to wait till the
next low water, so he jumped with a knife between
his teeth into the water to get the diver out…
Anyway, when you succeeded in the first part of
this fieldwork, you can start the second step; which
is measuring cross sections. Not that hard as you
just measure the depth, but you need many of them.
So it will take some time. And estuaries have the
tendency to be rather wide near the mouth… We
even measured a cross section of 6km wide!
Then we continue with step three. You move
with the tidal slack inland and about every two
kilometres you do a salinity reading at different
depths. Hardest thing is to determine the slack, or
tenang in Malay. You can use different methods to
determine if there is still some current. Throw out a
float and anchor your boat, look at debris in the water,
see if sediment starts to settle, feel if there is still
some current yourself, or even look at the fishermen
that come back from open sea. And you can discuss
with your fellow fieldworkers on the boat: “Tenang?
Sangat tenang!” (Slack? Very much slack!). And then
you start measuring salinity. Point of attention: try
to avoid collisions with crocodiles… We managed
to do all this, also due to all the help we got from
Jacqueline (as TU Delft, but also native Malaysian)
and especially UTM (University Teknologi Malaysia).
UTM supported us with a van full of equipment and
assistance, a great help of course!
And you learn a lot during fieldwork. You learn
to do the measurements, but fieldwork is not just
about doing measurements. A nice thing about doing
fieldwork abroad is that you work with the local
people. Tourists and travellers will, in general, not very
often be invited to have tea with a local fisherman
at his home. You integrate more than the standard
traveller; you eat their food, drink their drinks and
learn their language. You experience Malaysia more
intensive than any other traveller.
And then, just when you start to identify the
two Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur as home,
you have to go back to the Netherlands… with new
data, interesting stories, adventurous experiences
and a lot of pictures of course! Cause yes, we took
the opportunity to see a bit of Malaysia as well... •
Having thea at a local fisherman’s house
13
Tenang?! Sangat tenang!
Druppel - Volume 23 - May 2013
H2O

14
Flood protection project in Vietnam
Flood protection project in Vietnam
The story behind the scenes
Mark de Weerd
If there’s something that
I would recommend doing
during your Master course, it’s
working on a multidisciplinary
project abroad. A new country
with its own system, working in
a group for two months, being
able to travel around and see
beautiful stuff in the meantime,
it’s just all in all a real good experience.
Together with Ivo Brouwers, Jelmar
Schellingerhout and Tom de Boer, I, Mark de Weerd
worked on a flood protection project in Hanoi,
Vietnam. This project was part of a bigger project,
called Nuffic NICHE. Nuffic is a Dutch organization
which helps setting up new study programmes in
other countries. Thus, although the goal of our
project was to model a water system in a province
in Vietnam and give recommendations based on this
model, for Nuffic it was mainly setting up the basis
for a case study area. This case study would then be
used for a bachelor programme at HUNRE (Hanoi
University of Natural Resources and Environment),
a new Vietnamese university.
Of course it was nice and all that, but it was also
rather difficult finding our own way in the system.
From what we’ve experienced, Vietnam is pretty
corrupt, which means you have to know the right
persons and ‘persuade’ them into giving information
you need. Especially for us foreigners who do not
speak any word of Vietnamese (except mawt, hai, ba,
jo! = one, two, three, cheers!) this turned out to be
a huge challenge. And as many of you probably know,
to get a well calibrated model for flood protection
you would like to have as much data as you can.
So, here we were, four students, debating with
lecturers at HUNRE on which data we should get,
when we need it, how to get it and how much money
it should cost. And when working in our office, we
were wondering what kind of data we would get
this time and if it would be useful. Don’t get me
wrong, the Vietnamese lecturers were really nice,
but sometimes we were not really sure if everybody
did the best they could to help us. I guess we even
became suspicious.
The touristy side of Vietnam
Fortunately, we had the weekends and evenings
off to discover the touristy side of Vietnam. And at
a lot of evenings, the same lecturers invited us for a
lot of dinners, parties or festivals (Lim Festival). One
let me join on their football team, another taught
me the game of Chinese Chess, and others even
took us to the place where we ate our first dog
meat. I’m sure they did all that to show their best
side to get to know each other, and for me, they
succeeded. I liked this friendliness, which a lot of
Dutch people seem to miss (at least I do). So, for
whoever is in for a nice dinner at my place, just let
me know!
“It was just all in all a really
good experience.”
The group dressed up Vietnamees
Unfortunately the model never got finished,
which still feels like a real bummer. But eh, nothing
we could do about it, we did our best. We can
definitely look back on a time full of new and great
experiences, the most important part of it all. And
from what we’ve done, we are certain that it was
good for something. Maybe it’s a good basis for
another student project, who knows? •
Druppel - Volume 23 - May 2013

My internship story
A water manager doing hydraulic engineering
Gerard Pijcke
In August 2012 I started
looking for an internship
position in Singapore. Doing an
internship abroad was on my
list to experience a different
work culture from what you get
in the Netherlands. Asia was in
that sense especially appealing
as countries like Japan, South-
Korea, Hong Kong and Singapore are known for
competitiveness and relatively high pressure at
work. I got accepted to do my internship with BMT
Asia Pacific and would commence half January 2013
for a period of ten weeks.
BMT Asia Pacific Singapore office is mainly
involved in port development and marine structural
design. The projects I worked on were all related
to that, however a large part of my contribution
has been by making interpretative reports of
soil conditions at the proposed locations of
the structures. For a proposed jetty in Toliara,
Madagascar, I used the results of the analysis to revise
an existing proposal for a geotechnical survey at the
location of the project. For another project, Port of
Tanjung Pelepas (Johor, Malaysia), my work had to
give insight in the soil conditions with respect to
dredging and reclamation works to be carried out
for this project. I compared proposed dredge level
to the depth of hard material to determine what
kind of dredging equipment would be required. For
reclamation the major interest was to determine
depth of the dense layer to get an idea how much
vertical drainage would be required to enhance
quick consolidation of the soil.
“Most of my work was used
straight away”
For Toliara project I later entered the marine
structural arena to work together with a colleague
on the preliminary layout of fender and mooring
structures for the proposed jetty. Fenders protect
platforms and breasting dolphins required for
vessels to align itself stably to the location of loading
and unloading; mooring dolphins are needed to
fasten the lines that prevent ship movement along
and away from the platform. After making a first
layout using design codes and standards, operational
requirements ultimately turned out to be most
determining in what the fender and mooring
arrangement would look like. This was largely due
to restricted horizontal movement of the proposed
loading arm located at the platform, making it
necessary for vessels to move along the berth to
get them filled from front to end. As a consequence
additional breasting dolphins equipped with fender
were required compared to our initial design based
on codes and standards. The preliminary layout
served as input for fender and mooring analysis to
assess whether forces exerted by the vessel on the
structure remain within acceptable limits.
The last two of weeks of my internship I have
mainly spent on a model BMT aims to set up to
do berth occupancy studies. Such studies aim to
find those factors that limit a port’s capacity and
can be used to optimise port design. BMT had just
started setting up this model and working on it was
therefore still quite pioneering. With the time I had
left it was only possible to make small advances by
including some of the conditions that need to be
met before a vessel may enter a port.
Except for work, the two most memorable
things during my internship are probably the Chinese
New Year celebration and the visit by BMT Group’s
CEO. As a matter of fact the two occurred at the
same day which caused it to be the least productive
one as well. The CEO was “on tour” visiting BMT
subsidiary companies to present BMT’s results
and the company’s vision and future mission. With
Chinese New Year coming up it was all together a
good reason for a very elaborate lunch, preceded
by tossing up the ingredients of Yusheng as high as
possible (thus making a complete mess of the table)
for good fortune! The group picture was taken
during this day.
Group picture with all the colleagues
Most satisfying during my internship was that
most of my work was used straight away, either by
other colleagues for communication to clients or
by colleagues themselves as input to their work.
I have the feeling that indeed the work load and
expectations to finish a job are higher as compared
to the Netherlands. This however holds especially for
employees and is a different story for interns. Also, I
think my view is biased because I have been working
for a British company and not a Singaporean one
which could again have a different work culture.•
15
A water manager doing hydraulic engineering
Druppel - Volume 23 - May 2013

Water under uncertainty
Luciano Raso
I was asked to write a bit
about myself. So here we are.
Let’s start from the beginning.
I joined the water resources
management group in March
2009. At that time I quitted a
job that I did not like and I came
to Holland to find a new one. I
got in contact with Peter Jules thanks to Jair Smith, a
former TU Delft student who I met in a workshop
in Munich, Germany. Basically I got the information
of this position “via via”, as you say in Dutch, or
word of mouth. This indicates the importance of
having experience outside your research group,
meeting people and keeping a connection with them.
Moreover, at that time I had a small conference
paper on a topic that would become the same of
my PhD. Not much, but sufficient to show that I had
some experience on the argument.
My PhD has been on optimal control of
water systems under uncertainty. Practically, it was
about use of control technology for better water
management. Complex systems can be integrated
and harmonized by optimal control. Control theory
was initially a warfare application only. Think of
intercontinental missiles during the cold war, or
rockets sent on the moon in the 60s. It was then
extended to industry, and it shows now its usefulness
for water systems operation. If technologies have
karma, the reincarnation of control in nobler and
nobler systems means that it behaved well in
previous applications.
However, I have a speculative character, and I
like to focus on the more philosophical aspect of
my research, which is: how to take decisions under
uncertainty. Uncertainty is lack of information. We
use observations and models for information. The
value of information linked to the specific decision
problem. More information means a better decision,
however we never have perfect information
on the effects of our choices; we have to accept
uncertainty, and try to do the best with what we
have. You can apply this to every decisions of your
life (deciding whether to buy a house or to rent it,
or deciding whom to marry). I applied it to water
systems. My research required strong basis on
probability theory (the science of uncertainty) and
operational research (the science of optimization).
This is a relatively new topic at TU Delft, but in the
university where I came from, Politecnico di Milano,
it is an established field. At Politecnico, the water
management section is not in the civil engineering
department, but within electronic engineering. Over
there, there is an entire school on system analysis
applied to environmental systems, including water.
I still have good contact with them. I invited my ex
professor for my PhD defense. It will be challenging
for me and interesting for the audience.
“Imagine that I had never seen
a rain gauge before”
Joining a different group is rather difficult at
the beginning, because I did not follow most of the
courses that TU Delft offers, then I did not share
the same background. Just imagine that I had never
seen a rain gauge before. Even following colloquia
was difficult. However, after four years, I have
learned a lot, adsorbing knowledge by talking with
colleagues. I noticed that this informal learning,
based on continuous interaction with colleagues, is
more effective than what we may think.
I really appreciated the working environment
here. It is very relaxed and cooperative. I am very
grateful to Nick and Peter Jules, my promotor and
supervisor, for the freedom they gave me. They
realized soon that I had my ideas, and that I was quite
obstinate. However, I also accepted compromises.
For example, the topic of my PhD had to meet also
the needs of Deltares, who founded my research.
Doing a PhD was a good time. Living in Holland
has been a nice experience, but it is time for me to
move forward. I do not know what I am going to
do now. My hope is to continue doing research, and
to do it I probably have to go abroad. At least for a
while. Meanwhile I wrote two research proposals.
The success rate is very low (about 10-12%), but
who knows! •
17
Water under uncertainty
Druppel - Volume 23 - May 2013

RAINGAIN: Rainfall radars to get
accurate estimates of urban rainfall
Marie-claire ten Veldhuis
A specialised rainfall radar will be installed on the
roof of the Nationale Nederlanden building in
Rotterdam in autumn of this year. The radar aims to
accurately measure rainfall patterns above the city,
which will help to prevent flood damage.
compared to the national radars that are of the
C-band type. This means that smaller antennas are
needed and a lighter radar structure can be built
which can be supported by a normal building roof:
the radar that is to be installed in Rotterdam weighs
only about 250kg. The radar will be equipped with
dual polarimetry and Doppler capabilities, so it can
measure both the size of rain droplets and their
velocities. This also makes the radar less sensitive
to attenuation, which can be a problem with higher
frequency signals. Another advantage is that it will
be installed at lower altitude compared to the
national KNMI radars, so it measures rainfall closer
to the ground.
20
RAINGAIN
Urban rainfall
The radar that is now under construction for
future installation in Rotterdam, is specialised in
local rainfall estimation. Rainfall patterns in the
city can be measured a lot more accurate by this
radar compared to conventional radars such as
those currently operated by KNMI. Cities are highly
vulnerable to localised, intense rainfall, because urban
hydrological systems react very rapidly to rainfall.
More accurate, detailed rainfall data will help water
managers to improve operational control of their
water and sewer systems and to plan investments
in water infrastructure in a more efficient way. For
instance, detailed rainfall data can help to improve
operational control of pumping stations, use of
water storage in underground water tanks and on
water squares. Local rainfall data will also help to
develop more reliable local weather forecasts.
Special radar features
The radar in Rotterdam is to be delivered by SSBV
Aerospace & Technology Group in Noordwijk.
Installation is planned to take place in November
2013. The radar has several special features that
make it especially suitable for application in cities.
First, it is an X-band radar, with a higher frequency
Radar installation
The rainfall radar needs to be installed on a very high
location in the city in order to prevent obstruction
of the radar beam by buildings. The Nationale
Nederlanden building, officially called Delftse Poort
Gebouw, has been selected for installation, because
it is one of the tallest buildings in Rotterdam, it is
located in the city centre and because the building
owner and Nationale Nederlanden both offered
their support.
A visit to the 150 m high building roof was organised
on 7 March, with representatives of Nationale
Nederlanden, SSBV and TU Delft to sort out
technical and practical details for radar installation.
First, the exact location needs to be decided,
taking into account other roof installations, such
as ventilators of the building climatisation system,
window cleaning equipments, communication
antennas. Connections for power supply and
internet access need to be provided from inside
the building. And a solution needs to be found to
transport the radar to the building roof. This is not
straightforward, because access to the roof consists
of an extremely narrow staircase. A creative solution
will need to be found here, because hoisting the
radar up with a large crane is impossible due to
limited space in the vicinity of the building which is
located right next to the central station.
Druppel - Volume 23 - May 2013

RainGain European cooperation
The installation of the rainfall radar in Rotterdam is
part of RainGain, a European cooperation project.
Apart from Rotterdam three other pilot cities are
partners: Leuven (BE), London (UK) and Paris (FR).
The pilots serve as test sites to demonstrate the
capabilities of radar technology for urban rainfall
estimation and forecasting. The pilots represent
a variety of urban characteristics, where different
types of radar technologies will be tested. In Paris
a new radar, very similar to the one in Rotterdam,
has recently been acquired and will be installed on
the campus of ENPC-ParisTech, likewise in autumn
2013. In Leuven a radar of an older type has been
operational for several years and the experiences
gained here will be beneficial for the other pilots.
And they will help to show the added value of the
newer and more expensive radars. Radar technology
for the London pilot is based on the existing national
radar network, but will be improved by upgrading
the radars and smarter signal processing techniques.
The project comprises 13 partners in total, including
research institutions, meteorological agencies, cities
and water management organisations. Radar data
will be used in detailed urban flood models to
simulate and predict urban flooding down to the
level of individual households. This information
will help water managers in the cities to react
adequately to heavy precipitation and to develop
effective solutions for improved flood protection,
such as warning systems and optimisation of storage
capacity. Water managers from the four pilot cities
are actively involved in the RainGain project to make
sure the developed rainfall and flood data products
are made fit for use in water management practice.
Project partners in the Netherlands include
Stadsbeheer Rotterdam, province Zuid-Holland and
TU Delft. Hoogheemraadschap Delfland, Schieland
en de Krimpenerwaard en Waterschap Hollandse
Delta actively support the project. Rotterdam and
Provincie Zuid-Holland receive EUR230,000 EU
funding which is largely spent on radar acquisition.
Get involved
National Observer Groups have been set up in
each of the partner countries to disseminate
project information and receive input from local
organisations. More details of project activities can
be found on the website www.raingain.eu.
If the information in this article has triggered you
to become more closely involved in RainGain, you
are cordially invited to attend one of the annual
National Observer Group meetings in Belgium,
France, the Netherlands or the UK or one of the
international project events. For more information
you can also contact: Marie-claire ten Veldhuis
(j.a.e.tenVeldhuis@tudelft.nl).•
21
RAINGAIN
A part of the RainGain team checking out possible
radar locations on the roof
Druppel - Volume 23 - May 2013

‘Een project is nooit
een kunstje dat je
kunt herhalen.’
Micheline, projectleider serious gaming
Deltares is een onafhankelijk kennisinstituut voor deltatechnologie. We
werken wereldwijd aan innovatieve oplossingen voor water-, ondergronden
deltavraagstukken, die het leven in delta’s, kust- en riviergebieden veilig,
schoon en duurzaam maken. We doen onderzoek en geven specialistisch
advies aan overheden en marktrelaties in binnen- en buitenland. Kennis
ontwikkelen, toepassen en delen staan daarbij centraal. We streven
naar een duurzame inrichting van de leefomgeving met hoogwaardige
technologische oplossingen waarvoor draagvlak is in de maatschappij.
Vind jij het leuk om grenzen te verleggen en zoek je een functie bij een
topinstituut met een internationale reputatie? Wij bieden afwisselend
werk waarin je je talenten ruimschoots kwijt kunt. Geïnteresseerd? Kijk
dan bij de vacatures op onze site. We hebben ook plaats voor stagiairs en
promovendi.
www.deltares.nl

The dielectric constant and fried butter
A brief impression of living the American dream
Tim van Emmerik
“Would you like to go to
Florida?”, was the question
asked when I inquired about
possible thesis subjects. “Oh,
and it’s quite scientific too!”
Personally, this sounded like an
opportunity of a lifetime and
it exactly matched what I had
in mind for my final effort to
obtain the desired MSc.-title. In a nutshell I’ll tell y’all
what I did in those Floridian cornfields and why it is
so much fun to spend time in the US.
Let’s start with the scientific side of my research.
Currently, vegetation is conserved a barrier to soil
moisture retrieval by both passive and active remote
sensing missions. Vegetation affects microwaves
in various ways and at this moment soil moisture
retrieval using remote sensing is poor above vegetated
areas. However, can’t we use the information stored
in these effects that vegetation has on microwaves?
Plus, can’t we use vegetation as a measure of water
stress in the entire root zone, rather than just the
upper couple of centimeters?
Microwave emission and backscatter of
vegetation is driven by the vegetation dielectric
constant, which is a function of vegetation water
content. On its turn, the latter is a measure of
water availability in the root zone. Understanding
the variation in dielectric properties of vegetation
will therefore contribute to soil moisture retrieval
using microwaves in vegetated areas.
Furthermore, the diurnal difference in
vegetation dielectric constant can be
used as a measure of water stress.
So what’s new in my research?
Well, in short it is providing the first
step in finding the missing link between
the diurnal pattern of leaf dielectric
properties, vegetation water content, water stress
and soil moisture. Several other researchers have
studied the dielectric properties of vegetation before.
However, this was mainly done using cut samples
under laboratory conditions. As leaf properties tend
to rapidly change after being cut off, this not at all
represents its alive status. The highlight of my thesis
was therefore to go into the field and measure the
dielectric properties of maize leaves on living plants
(in-vivo measurements)! To match future satellite
missions, I did this at 6AM and 6PM, every day…
Yes, every day… Besides that, I quantified water
stress by means of a modeled evaporation deficit
and measured soil water tension at multiple depths
on the measurement site. To get an idea of how ‘my
maize’ would influence radar backscatter, I decided
to do a little modeling exercise, during which I
computed time series of radar backscatter and
determined the influence of various components on
the total backscatter (leaves, stalks, soil).
Before I forget, I’ll quickly discuss the main
conclusions of my research. First, the sensor that
we developed shows a clear relation between leaf
water content and dielectric properties. Second, the
measured dielectric properties in the field showed
very complex response of vegetation to water stress.
Last, an observable effect of water stress on radar
backscatter was modeled. In the end, the results
of my thesis are promising for future development
of vegetation and soil moisture monitoring using
microwaves!
“Fieldwork in the US doesn’t mean
fooling around with your HOBO”
You might ask yourself when the Florida part
finally starts. Well, that time has come now! Fieldwork
is not something that we like to do in the Netherlands.
It’s too close by, too boring, too bad weather and not
as much as a culture shock (unless you go to the
Achterhoek or Brabant). Florida was chosen because
of its agreeable climate, presence of gators, presence
of the Gators, home of Gatorade, girl’s summer
fashion, bagels & noodles and because the University
of Florida has a massive agricultural research facility!
My fieldwork was part of an extensive measurement
campaign, during which one hectare (!)
was grown! Furthermore, fieldwork in
the US doesn’t mean fooling around
with your HOBO and your one little
sensor. No, they measure corn as it
is a spaceship! Dozens of sensors,
everywhere! Quite the difference
compared to the African jungle in which
most water management students find themselves in.
Let me finish with a short anecdote. Once a year
it’s time for the Alachua county fair (kermis), with
carnies, rides, dancing bears and fried everything.
I was most flabbergasted to see people enjoying
their fried butter: a stick of butter (Zeeuws meisje)
covered in batter, which is fried! When taking a bite
of it, no greater resemblance to Bear Grylls’ larvae
scene can be found. Liquid butter splashes out onto
yourself and those surrounding you. And they loved
it. Especially interesting since I once cooked hutspot
for my Floridian friends. When I asked whether
they liked some gravy (NL: jus) they replied: “Ew!
No! That’s disgusting!” I guess another example of
cultural differences. •
23
The dielectric constant and fried butter
Druppel - Volume 23 - May 2013

Getting to know...
... Theo Olsthoorn
24
Getting to know Theo Olsthoorn
Pradeep Rathore & David Ginting
Another edition of ‘getting to know a staff member’,
this time Druppel Magazine had a little chat with Theo
Olsthoorn about his passion on geohydrology and daily
life.
Can you introduce yourself?
Q I come from Rotterdam, I was born in
1950 and I have three brothers and one sister. I did my
early education in Rotterdam. Then I came to study
here in TU Delft, in the faculty of civil engineering with
the intention of building bridges. In the 60s and 70s
there were a lot of projects to build bridges especially
in the Rotterdam port. We visited some of them at
that time and I became very interested. But during my
studies I became interested in something else: I wanted
to do something useful for mankind and that was the
time when there was a lot of water pollution. So in
the end, I became interested in hydrology and drinking
water.
Can you tell us a bit about your previous
Q jobs?
In 1974, after almost six years studying, I started
working as a researcher with the Dutch Institute
of Water Companies, which was called KIWA and
it is known as KWR nowadays. The research was
on groundwater combined with drinking water,
topics that I wanted to do. One of the main issues
was about artificial recharge which, as you know,
functions as a kind of mixing box where we flattenout
the quality of groundwater by mixing it with
surface water. More or less it is an effort to change
surface water into drinking water. It was a very
big project as one third of the water supply in the
Netherlands comes from groundwater, so we have
lots of dunes to infiltrate this surface water. Yet, there
is one limitation: this infiltration can only reach a
very shallow ground water aquifer. So the idea then
was to inject the water into deep aquifers as storage
for future uses. Thus the topic for the research
became: ‘How could we do that? And also how to
do it without clogging?’. After working there for five
years, I started working for a consultancy, just to see
how it may feel, but afterwards I came back to work
for KIWA, though I only stayed there for two years.
From 1982 until 1984 I did something different
than geohydrology: I worked for the Governmental
Institute of Public Health & Environmental Hygiene.
From 1984 until 1990 I worked for the Center for
Integrated Environmental Modeling and from 1990
until now I work for the Amsterdam Water Supply
Company which is also known as Waternet.
What brought you to (geo)hydrology?
Q While working for RIVM I didn’t
really spent much time on geohydrology, but what I
did as a hobby was building groundwater models in
spreadsheets. I was one of the earliest who worked
on that, and among the firsts who made a publication
on that. I continued working on these things and in
1996, (Emeritus) Professor Kop asked me to show him
how the system works. After that, he told me that this
could be a PhD topic for me, with some reforms of
course. In 1998 I got my PhD degree in one topic that
was my hobby. And in 2004 I became a professor here.
That was by the initiative of (emeritus) Professor van
Dijk. Since then I have been working here in Delft. I see
this as a great opportunity to work with young people
and also to work with practice and theory at the same
time, a thing that I like to do.
What is your current research about?
Q I did some interesting works in Egypt
but this is already 20 years ago. Now I am doing
research in the topics of PhD students that I supervise.
I am supervising a PhD student in Morocco who is
a head of a drinking water company. Currently the
company is responsible for making the planning of the
water resources for whole Morocco. As he might not
have the time to do the whole research, I suggested
him to do some related research in different areas with
two MSc students; and he can do one of the research
areas as well. He will combine the whole research
results and will put on top of that an analysis from the
scientific point of view for the whole country; and that
will be his PhD research. One of your fellow students,
Coert Strikker, is currently doing one of the related
research projects. To sum up, my current research is
also about what my PhD students and MSc students do.
Druppel - Volume 23 - May 2013

And what are you doing for Waternet
Q currently?
In general, I am trying to integrate science in daily
activities. I am currently doing some research about
water stress in some dunes here in the Netherlands:
How will the floating freshwater body in the dunes, on
top of the salt water develop in the future and what will
be the effect of climate change and other development
on that in the future?
Also a lot of research is being done on the
thermal energy storage below Amsterdam, there are
also now PhD students here doing that. We know that
it will be very busy in the subsurface in the future and
we are still unsure if this system will still work well in
the future.
Other interesting research is about treating
brackish water into drinking water. As you know we
claimed lots of land here into polders, in this area we
constantly get brackish seepage which we constantly
need to discharge into canals. Now we are looking
for the possibility of taking this brackish water from
different strategic locations and try to turn it into
drinking water. From a quality point of view this water
is better than surface water. It is old water, in principle
it is clean. The only constant problem is that it contains
salt. We can certainly remove that with some treatment
and compared with surface water, which has fluctuating
water quality, we would need less treatment steps to
produce drinking water out of it and it will be thus less
expensive.
How do you see the future of
Q (geo)hydrology?
In the 70s and 80s there was a lot of attention
paid to this sector and we can also see that there were
relatively more subjects about geohydrology given in
the university, more than geohydrology I and II that you
get these days. For the future, more and more people
see groundwater as water storage. So the focus is not
only on how to extract ground water, but also on how
to replenish the system; and more attention is given
on how to make the extraction and the injection to
balance each other. And as more and more (ground)
water is needed, people also start to think about
the environmental effects of their extraction. And, of
course, urban development will impose problems to
groundwater as it will pollute the shallow aquifer?
You said you were born in 1950 so it
Q means that you are approaching your
retirement age, what is your future plan?
Actually I have been asked the same question at
Waternet, and I said that I want a zero hour contract.
So it means that I can still work and I do not really need
the money since I would get retirement money. With
that contract I can write a book about the work of my
predecessor. In our archive, there is a lot interesting
work that has not been worked out. Continuing their
work is something that I would like to do. And probably
some advising work here and there. I have a foundation
which I started in 2004 but I haven’t had enough time
to work on that. I give 16 hours of courses at IHE
and my salary goes to that foundation. The idea was
to support people in ground water matters that need
some help in conflicts with for example authorities.
“Modeling is one of my hobbies”
What is your hobby?
Q As I said before modeling is one
of my hobbies, but besides that I do jogging a lot.
Unfortunately my foot broke six weeks ago. I usually do
two marathons every year and some half marathons;
and even almost a half marathon every weekend. It
is nice especially if I run between the dunes. Further
I also like travelling. I just bought a motorcycle. And
some other small things.
How does your family look like?
Q I married directly after I finished my
study, so since 1974 I have been married with my wife,
a lovely wife. And we have two boys of 33 and 35. The
oldest studied aeronautic and aircraft here in Delft and
the younger one graduated in urban planning from the
University of Amsterdam. The oldest one is currently
doing a PhD in alternative energy in Grenoble, France.
Some wise words for students?
Q Follow your heart and stay yourself. You
can enjoy your life but also remember to work hard. If
you see how hard life can be, especially in some places,
then there is no reason to complain.•
25
Getting to know Theo Olsthoorn
Druppel - Volume 23 - May 2013

Active Members Day:
Dealing with high Froude numbers
Joris de Vos
Wednesday, the 13th
of March was a very
special day for the active
members from Dispuut
Watermanagement.
On this day, the famous
Active Members Day
took place. This day is
meant to thank all the
active members for their
efforts this year for the
Dispuut. It all started with a nice invitation letter
making clear that staying dry was not a possibility.
If you don’t like water related activities, perhaps
you’ve picked the wrong study. The destination of
the Active Members Day 2013 was the Tikibad in
Duinrell, the most spectacular swimming pool in the
country with its enormous amount of waterslides
and other exciting or less exciting attractions. After
swimming, the plan was to eat some pizza in the
nice old city center of Wassenaar.
“If you don’t like water related
activities, perhaps you’ve
picked the wrong study.”
It all started with the journey to Wassenaar,
a place on the other side of The Hague and the
residential town of (at the time of writing!) the
Crown Prince of the Netherlands and water
manager: Willem-Alexander der Nederlanden. The
lucky active members were able to claim a nice seat
in someone’s car, but unfortunately enough most
of the participants were bound to public transport
or even their own bike! Luckily for them, the trip
was not boring at all, since the most beautiful and
expensive houses of the Netherlands were passed
during the trip. Around the opening time of the
Tikibad, everyone arrived at the entrance of the
theme park where the sun was shining brightly.
After a walk through the theme park we saw a nice
airborne water tap from which we de definitely
needed a picture, so the nearest young little boy
was asked to make a group picture of us. Although
the little boy had the photograph skills, the bright
sun influenced the pictures so badly that no water
tap was vissible anymore on the pictures. After
this failed photograph moment we went on to the
Tikibad where an enormous queue of teenagers
blocked our entrance to the pool. Fortunately
for us, after some minutes they went to another
entrance making the entrance accesible to us.
Once inside the swimming pool, the real water
fanatics came up in us. Of course, all the active
members immediately decided to go to the most
exciting waterslide in the whole swimming pool,
however many of them didn’t know what to expect.
Once down the slides, whole comic books could
be filled with facial expressions of active members
being poorly prepared for these waterslides. Besides
waterslides dealing with high Froude numbers, there
were also less demanding attractions. A steaming
warm tropical summer could be experienced in the
Lazy River with its ceiling and walls made out of glass
where the sun was shining brightly and natural hot
springs were imaginable when you were chilling in
the hot tubs spread in the swimming pool. To satisfy
the inner man, cold drinks made this afternoon of
swimming a ‘once in a liftetime’ experience!
When it became darker and the tropical
conditions gradually disappeared from the swimming
pool, it was time to leave the Tikibad and to go to
another place to spend our Active Members Day.
On our way back, we passed the water tap again
where we got some moderate photographs. To
satisfy the Druppel Magazine crew, some new
photographs were taken, from which the best one
is now in front of you (unfortunately, there were no
young little boys anymore on this time to make the
picture, so the picture is taken by the undersigned).
At the pizzeria, two more active members arrived
to celebrate this Active Members Day. Although not
everyone got his or her pizza at the same time, the
cook did a great job and everyone was satisfied after
the effort made in the Tikibad. I want to thank all the
active members for the great time in Wassenaar and
I hope they will continue with the the same pleasure
with their committees, since the committees are an
essential part of the Dispuut Watermanagement! •
27
AMD: Dealing with high Froude numbers
Druppel - Volume 23 - May 2013

28
UN World Water Day 2013
A souvenir from the
UN World Water Day 2013
David Ginting
On March 22nd I was
invited and went to the
celebration of UN World
Water Day in The Hague.
This year’s celebration was
a bit more special, not only
because it was (supposed
to be) attended by one of
my favourite actors, Matt
Damon, but also because it was the goodbye-party
for the then-Prince of Orange to the water world
before ascending the Dutch throne. And for me
personally the celebration was also a bit special as
the event took the theme of water cooperation; as
it is strongly related to my gradation project.
It is impossible to talk about water cooperation
without also talking about water conflict; and
writing on these two issues made me remember
a conversation I had with my 10-years-old niece
in one of our regular Skype session. As always, she
wanted to know what I am currently doing, and so
I started to explain to her my thesis. As the term
“international water cooperation” might seem to
be indigestible to her young mind, I told her that
I am studying about two boys that share a bottle
of water, but eventually fight with each other
as one drinks much more than the other (water
competition).
“I am studying about two boys
that share a bottle of water, but
eventually fight with each other as
one drinks much more than the
other”
The definition above may seem to oversimplify
of water conflict and cooperation, yet it happens
in real life. As matter of a fact, competition for
water is one of the oldest drives for conflict. Water
competition is almost as old as our civilization. It
first occurred around 8000 and 6000 BC (during the
Neolithic revolution); when our ancestors decided
not to live nomadically anymore, settled down and
grew their own food around river banks. Water
competition has deeply-rooted into our culture.
Even the word of rivalry originates from the Latin
RIVALIS which actually means: one using the same
river as another.
One of the main questions on the topic
international water relation today is ‘How would
the future looks like? Will we see more conflict? Or
perhaps more cooperation? ’ Experts’ opinions on
this matter are divided into two opposing poles, the
optimists and sceptics.
Sceptics forecast that the continuous increase
of water demand (due to population growth,
economic growth, urbanization, etc.) will lead to a
point of where water competitions will have to be
settled by means of violence or even war. Similar
predictions have been publicly stated by some of
world’s leading figures such as the former Secretary
Generals of the UN, Kofi Annan and his predecessor
Boutros Boutros-Ghali. One of the most famous
quotes ever made on gloomy future of water
conflict was made by the former Vice-President of
the World Bank, Ismail Serageldin: “If the wars of
the 20th century were about oil, then wars of the
21st century will be over water”.
The stage on the World Water Day
On the other side, the optimists argued: the fact
knowing nations can achieve more when working
together will make them to choose cooperation
over conflict. This argument is supported by
historical data which showed water cooperation
events prevailed the conflictive event. Conflict over
water only occurred 37 times over the past 50 years
(compared with 1800 treaties signed during the
same period). And since 30 events of those conflicts
were between Israel and one of its neighbours (who
never really have a good inter-state relations), then
you may wonder whether it is really the water
competition (or scarcity) that will bring us to water
wars. Whether or not world will see water wars is
yet to be seen, yet water scarcity and conflict (and
cooperation) have been there for centuries and will
be with us for years to come.
I’ll close this short story with a well-rhymed
tweet displayed on a screen in the main conference
room of the world water day: ‘Without mother,
lover and water, there will be no life in this world.
So share your life! Share your water!”•
Druppel - Volume 23 - May 2013

Kosi River floods of 2008, India
Prof. Dhrubajyoti Sen
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
The Kosi River like many
other tributaries of River Ganga or
Ganges, originates in the Himalayan
nation of Nepal and flows south
and south-eastwards. River Ganga
drains a vast portion of the
northern portion of the Indian
peninsula and finally discharges into
the Bay of Bengal through one of
the world’s largest deltas that covers almost half the
nation of Bangladesh and part of the Indian state of
West Bengal. Although the motivation for this text is
the last great flood of the river caused in 2008, it is
important to understand briefly the geomorphological
setting of the river to appreciate the reasons that
caused this flood and several others from time to time.
The Kosi River originates in Nepal
Studies have indicated that the Himalayan Rivers
are different in many respects from those of the
southern portion of the Indian Peninsula. The former
occupy a highly dynamic environment with extreme
variability in discharge and sediments load. As such,
the Himalayas are of recent origin with layers of
bedrock that are derived from sedimentary deposits.
This results in a large rate of erosion in the Himalayan
uplands and because of the great amount of silt that
is carried down, the Kosi (and almost all other rivers
originating in the Himalayas) is braided for most of
its course and forms a low-gradient alluvial “fan” at
the foothills where it debouches into the plains of the
Ganga valley. For River Kosi, this alluvial fan is described
as a ‘Megafan’ which is a large depositional structure
caused by a river when it emerges from a mountainous
river valley onto the plains. The megafan of River Kosi
has a radius of around 60 km.
Repeated surveys in the past years have recorded
a continuous westward shifting of the Kosi River for
about 113 km across its fan, in a series of episodic
diversions of up to 19 km/yr. It is really not clear why
the river has shifted only westwards in the recent past
as an idealized model of an alluvial fan indicates that a
river emerging from the mountainous valley (A-B) can
equally likely flow along either B-C1 or B-C2 or any
other path over the megafan.
However, there are other seismic and hydrological
factors that determine the course of the river, though
major earthquakes in the region have not generally
found to correlate with this tendency. Nevertheless,
over at least the past century and a half, the river has
recorded a persistent tendency to abandon its channel
and migrate to the previously unoccupied fan surface
on the west rather than shift eastward to a channel
recently abandoned. This has resulted in Kosi being
called “Bihar’s Sorrow” in the region for causing flood
disasters quite often. The flooding is also associated
with major plan-form shifts of the river.
The Kosi megafan and the idealized model of an alluvial fan
With this in the background, let us see how the
flood of River Kosi happened in 2008. The floods
were caused by water flowing out from a breach in
the embankment of a diversion barrage. This barrage,
meant for diverting water into irrigation canals, was
constructed about half a century ago at a point on the
river that is located almost at the head of the megafan.
As a part of the left embankment breached during a
large flood, water rushed out in torrents bypassing
the barrage and started flowing directly southwards
as shown. This complete change in the route of the
river, though commonly termed as flood, was actually
a case of river avulsion caused because of the unique
geomorphological setting of the Kosi megafan as
discussed before. The large quantity of water flowed
as a sheet over lands that had previously been the
course of the river, bringing with it a great amount of
sediment that got spread far and wide.
River Kosi’s altered course
Although the breach has since been repaired
and the river has been made to follow its course
once again through the barrage, it is possible that
yet another geo-signal to this relatively unstable path
of River Kosi at around this location may trigger a
repeat phenomenon in future. •
Dutch water managment related projects around the globe. [Source: dutchwatersector.com]
29
Kosi River Floods
Druppel - Volume 23 - May 2013

30
Pig incident Huangpu River
Pig incident
Huangpu River in Shanghai
Fei Cui
16,000 dead pigs were
found in a river near Shanghai.
It is another humiliating
environmental disaster story
in China. This one is extra
humiliating because of its media
appeal and international news
coverage. Jokes go around
like: “There are more pigs than fish in the Huangpu
river” and even the Druppel wants a story.
I was asked to write something about this
incident and the environmental situation in China.
This pig story is just an example of the huge
environmental problems that China faces. I think
every Chinese has experienced this. For example,
we have terrible air pollution during this winter
which triggers many people to walk around with
mouth protection and there are many worries
about health. But also water quality problems, like
that one happened a few years ago in my town,
where 6 million people were without water for
days because of the algae bloom in the lake that
supplied our drinking water. Water was sold out in
stores within hours and ships full of fresh water had
to be brought in to avoid a complete disaster. So
Chinese people are really affected by environmental
problems. But Chinese have started years ago to pay
attention to the environment.
“I’m confident about the future
environmental situation”
Also the Chinese government is trying to solve
these types of problems. Yet it shouldn´t be forgotten
that China remains a developing country with many
other problems than pollution and not everything
can be solved at once. This pig incident is actually a
good example of that. China feeds 700 million pigs.
Every year 18 million pigs die of disease. In the past,
these pigs were bought by butcher companies that
still made meat out of them illegally. Just before the
incident with pigs in the river, the government had
cracked down on those butchers and many of the
companies were closed. This left the farmers with
no easy way to dispose their dead animals. Although
Chinese government provided subsidy for disposing
dead animals in a sanitary way, dumping pigs into the
river seemed to be simpler. The farmers who were
guilty of this illegal dumping not only broke the law,
but also missed around 150,000 euro of subsidy.
Like this, China is trying to tackle her problems.
But one solution can often cause another new
problem. The environment used to be sacrificed for
economic growth. As China gets richer and many
other problems are gradually solved, environmental
issues are getting more attention. This also happened
in Europe where the environment was only cleaned
after widespread poverty problems were solved.
Especially after incidents like the air pollution this
winter in China, you hear many complaints and
promises that action will be undertaken. So I’m
confident about the future environmental situation
in China. . •
Druppel - Volume 23 - May 2013

Living the Dutch experience
Jose M. Torcal
Being an exchange
student is an exciting
experience. It is
amazing how much
your life can change
in only a few months,
finding yourself in
a totally different
environment. I like
moving because it
allows me feeling renewed, so I have done it several
times within my country, Spain. However, this time
has been much more stimulating, living abroad gives
you a different point of view about, not only other
cultures, but also your own one. In this issue, Delft
is an excellent place to meet people from all around
the world, pulling down all the cultural clichés. On
the other hand, such an international environment
combined with my poor Dutch skills (tot ziens,
fietsen, lekker, verboden and a few more words)
make it a little bit more difficult to get in touch with
the real Dutch culture. I live in Marcushof (yeah,
the party place) with more than 120 international
students so, at the end, you do not really feel like
living in The Netherlands but in a different global
place. This is maybe one of the things that I would like
to improve in Delft, trying to connect international
and Dutch students, but it seems that the housing
company does not agree with me.
Regarding the university, from my point of
view one of the most shocking things of TU Delft
is the student-professor relationship. In my home
university you should use a really formal language
to talk to them and there is a gap between both
positions. However, here in TU Delft I had to pretend
normality when a barefoot professor offered me
coffee in his office. It is really natural and I like it. I
also appreciate the practical character of education,
combining the lecture theory with its application in
real projects. It is motivating because you discover
projects from all around the world, explained in first
person by the engineer who faced the problems.
I chose TU Delft because I wanted to develop
my career in the water management field, but I have
never expected to have such a wide range of tracks
and subjects to select In Spain, the civil engineering
degree has a much more general character and only
in the last year you can focus on a specific track.
Therefore, I try to make the most of my time here,
learning form the Dutch expertise in water issues.
It is funny to experiment yourself with the different
approaches of the water management depending
on the city: the annual precipitation of Barcelona
(the city where I studied) and Delft is really similar,
however, the main concerns are pretty different
because of the huge difference in the rainfall
intensity (in Barcelona it rains only few days a year).
However, there are some aspects that I expected
to be different here before I came: Why is the Civil
Engineering faculty here, as almost everywhere,
the ugliest one? You only need to walk into the
architecture or the industrial design faculty to
realize that also here there was a misunderstanding
between functionality and boredom (I know that it
is an older building, but what about the new part?).
Why is there not much innovation between civil
engineering students compared to other fields?
Courses like “Ready to Start up” have a small
percentage of civil engineering projects.
I think that civil engineering should be, somehow,
redefined to face the challenges of the future,
improving the communication towards the society
and opening itself to innovation. In this context, I am
really happy to be here as far as I cannot imagine a
better place to boost this change. •
31
Living the Dutch experience
Druppel - Volume 23 - May 2013

WHEN YOUR CAREER COUNTS...
...JOIN FUGRO
engineering
survey
consultancy
investigating planet earth
www.werkenbijfugro.nl

You say Water, I say Railway!
Laura Šterna
I will start with an advice:
always attend borrels and
other social gatherings in the
faculty (or elsewhere) where
you can have a chat with the
academic staff. For me this had
a direct impact on my future
career. Only one sentence
from a professor led me to
my current position: junior
engineer in a water sector at Witteveen+Bos Latvia.
In short how it happened. After my thesis
presentation prof. Clemens told me that one of the
Dutch engineering companies has a branch in Latvia.
I was so surprised and shocked to hear this, that I
even did not ask, which one exactly (I guess the stress
from the presentation had some impact on me, as
it could not properly process this information). So
upon returning home I had to find the company
myself. And there it was: Witeveen+Bos Latvia. I
composed an intriguing e-mail that I am a Latvian
who had just finished Delft (how many of those
does Latvia has?) and expressed my wish to join the
company. While waiting for the reply I had another
interview, but since the other company did not care
at all that I have a foreign engineering diploma (but I
am very proud of that!), this was not a good match
for me. Some time passed meeting the head of the
office and there I was, with my own table, chair, and
even a computer after a few weeks.
My other advice would be: take everything you
are being given. As you read above, I am supposed
to work in the water sector. But another project
needed my assistance. so now I am becoming a
railway expert (I know, I know, expert maybe is a bit
far from what I am), especially in marshalling yards. I
know what a switch is, what is a retarder and what
is a hump, I am able to think and speak in three
languages at the same time (Latvian, Russian and
English) and I know what is a “battery limit”. I am
working together with a senior Dutch colleague, so
I can still practice listening to the Dutch language.
Another smaller project I am involved in is a
joint Latvian - Estonian project about “sustainable”
(my favourite word so far, together with “workshop”)
urban drainage systems, as over here these are
not yet popular and mostly the design is done the
conventional, the safe way (water is hidden in pipes
underground).
“Take everything you are being
given”
Our office compared to the headquarters
in Deventer is tiny, permanently we are with 6
people, with Dutch colleagues as frequent visitors.
Sometimes they bring us stroop waffles. Sometimes.
Some of the positive aspects about this job I
appreciate the most: being responsible about my
work and tasks, continuous practice of English
language with the colleagues and project partners,
use of my skills gained in Delft (critical thinking,
argumentation, open mind) and last but not least:
being able to have lunch when I want it and what I
want, not only a small cup of soup and a sandwich
(in Delft I was afraid, that one day I will not want
to see a single sandwich again…). In addition, it is
a fantastic feeling to know that I am involved in
great and significant infrastructure projects. I hope
that one day my signature will be put on important
documents and drawings and I will be the one who
will have the assistant.•
33
You say Water, I say Railway!
Druppel - Volume 23 - May 2013

Dispuut Puzzles
Remko Nijzink
Sanitary Crossword
Find all the words from left to right, right to left, up and down, diagonally and find the solution!
D C W T L C C D B D A N P M B
I R A R H H O E O E I O N S I
S Y S Q A L A N D B N I N I O
I P T N D O G I N R O T O N F
N T E O L R U T I E I A I A I
F O W I H I L R T T T L T G L
E S A T E N A I R L A U A R T
C P T A J A T F O I N C C O E
T O E T K T I I B F O C I O R
I R R O N I O C A E Z O F R E
O I M L O O N A C C O L I C N
N D O F R N W T T O A F R I Z
S I N P I P E I E L P H T M Y
R U O T C H L O R I D E I E M
T M D U V M A N H O L E N R E
SOLUTION: __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
BIOFILTER
BOD
CHLORIDE
CHLORINATION
COAGULATION
CRYPTOSPORIDIUM
DENITRIFICATION
DISINFECTION
ECOLI
ENZYME
FILTERBED
FLOCCULATION
FLOTATION
ION
IRON
KJEHLDAHL
MANHOLE
MICROORGANISM
MONOD
NITRIFICATION
NITROBACTER
OZONATION
PH
PIPE
RQ
SRT
UV
WASTEWATER
34
Dispuut Puzzles
Hydrology Puzzle
Across
1. uncertainty approach
4. measurement campaign
5. rainfall graph
6. multiple optima in models
Down
1. probability distribution
2. groundwater model
3. heavy seasonal rains
7. measurement device
Druppel - Volume 23 - May 2013

Druppel Comic
Dispuut Watermanagement
Board and Committees
52th Board:
Tom de Boer - President
Anthonie Hogendoorn - Vice-president
Joris de Vos - Treasurer
Pradeep Rathore- Comm. Education
Lobke de Pooter - Comm. Public Relations
Mark de Weerd - Secretary
Druppel Committee:
Frans Willem Hamer - Editor in Chief
Dirk Eilander - Secretary/Editor
Remko Nijzink - Editor
David Ginting - Editor
Luis S. Ruiz - Editor
Pradeep Rathore - Editor
Dispuut Agenda
Keep an eye on the Dispuut Facebook, website and
pinbord to hear about the latest activities
May 8 - Symposium
End of May - Board Change
June 5 - Fitterij
June - Sailing Weekend
July 7-16 - MDE
MDE Committee:
Katie Anderson
Bert Coerver
Frits Dankers
Mirjam Pruijssen
Joris de Vos
Symposium committee:
Kenny Wang
Onno Ebbens
Sharon Snip
Anthonie Hogendoorn
Ellen Minkman
Activity committee:
Damien Allen
Dirk Diederen
Raoul Collenteur
Lobke de Pooter
35
Dispuut Agenda, Board and Committees
Druppel - Volume 23 - May 2013

Retouradres:
Dispuut Watermanagment
Stevinweg 1, k. 4.74
2628CN, Delft
The Netherlands
-warning-
FITTERIJ
Student Pipefitting Competition
-serious fun-
5 June 2013
12:30-17:00
In front of
CiTG Building
Subscription:
List outside room 4.74
Or email:
dispuut-wm-citg@tudelft.nl
12 teams; 1 winner; limited space
1st Prize: €150
Free lunch & drinks