The Handbook of Discourse Analysis

The Handbook of Discourse Analysis The Handbook of Discourse Analysis

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846 Index sociolinguistics and multivocality 756–7 recurrent observations and the case of enumeration 294–8 unified theory of description 759 variationist approach to 282–303 see also interactional sociolinguistics; interpretive sociolinguistics sociology discourse and 750–71 language in 750–3 solidarity 86 Somali 183, 192, 193 Korean, and English, comparison of oral/ literate dimensions in 187–92 sounding, in African American discourse 660 sounds interpreted as political 410 and thoughts 673, 675 space, discursive representation of 644 Spanish 54, 63, 64, 167, 168, 169, 360, 511 spatial arrangement, scribal practices 339 speaker attitudes, discourse markers and 66, 141–2, 148–9 speakers conceptual organization in lists 60–2 interactional goals 732 lexicogrammatical resources and conceptions of illness and disease 489–93 presupposition in 84 responsibility in apologies 201–2, 203–4 social identity in discourse interpretation 278 turn-taking across 18–21 turn-taking within 18–21 see also intentions, speaker SPEAKING Hymes’ heuristic 756, 759 as a reflexive process 221 speaking skills, discourse analysis and the teaching of 720–1 speaking styles, gender and 557, 559 specialization, terminology of 473, 475, 715 speech as social action 696–7 or talk 230 in variation analysis 283 speech act theory 78, 696–7 intonations as illocutionary force 15 and pragmatics 139 Searle’s development 84 speech acts 84–5, 359, 709 apologies 207–9 constitutive, in medical encounters 459–64 control over 356 and meanings 703, 731–3 and pragmatic analysis, criminal cases 440–1 sequential structures of 698 Speech Assessment Method (SAM) 337 “speech errors,” as discourse markers 65 speech events 259 analysis of 215 apologies 209–10 and discourse parsing 272 in Linguistic Discourse Model (LDM) 266 simulated 708 speech recognition automated 805 software 337, 342 speech rhythm 26 as metric for timing in English 25–9 speech situation 259 speech technology 798 speech time 791 speech-and-language pathology 576 speeches, as institutional narratives 523–4 speechmaking, lexical choice in 408–9 spoken language, representation in a written medium 321–48 standardization, and talk 763 standardized tests, in aging and discourse studies 573–4 standards, the media and language 430 statistical techniques, multivariate 184 status, children’s awareness of 600–1 status negotiation 661 and children’s conflict talk 659–60 stereotypes of aging 578, 580 collective symbols as cultural 381 and contextualization cues 541 defined 378 of patients 463 racial 361–2, 374, 378, 379–80 stigmatization, and “being ordinary” 728 stories bedtime 596 in medical encounters 457, 460–1 see also narratives story and discourse parsing 272 use of term 639

Index 847 story grammar 639 story lines 699 storytelling 699 characteristics of 795 in conflict strategy 653 embedded in interactional context 640 and expressing an opinion 658 in Hawaii 511 imagination in 773–80 reasons for 640–1 rights, in institutional narratives 531 straight talk 730–1 strategic communication, theory of 731–3 strategies of long-term memory 379–80 see also communication strategies; discourse strategies stratificational linguistics 35, 37 stress, markings for 341 STRIPS algorithm 805 structuralist narratology 635–6 style control over public discourse 357 interactional 232–3 of news media discourse 425, 426–7 sociolinguistic study of 284–5 stylistic variation 284–5 and social variation 295, 298–9 stylistics and discourse analysis 450–1 and discourse markers 450 figures of speech in 285 in forensic linguistics 450 subject–object relations 756 subjectification 148 subjectivity, and ethnographic methods 260 subjects, nondiscourse initial Postposed, of ES sentences 274–5 subordination parsing of structures 268–70 sentential 268 substitution 36, 715 subtopic identification, in language technology 807 summarization, and language technology 809 summary sentences, in language technology 807 supertopics 674, 675–6 suprasegmental elements, in language teaching 714 surface structure, segmentation and discourse 267 Swedish 64 syllables lengthening 333 phrase-final lengthening 333 shortening 333 symbolic capital 601 symbolic interactionism 251 symbols, collective, in racism 380–1, 383 synchronic approach, in historical discourse analysis 139 synchronic studies, of aging and discourse and 573 synchronicity, of participation in computermediated communication (CMC) 614–15, 617 synchronous computer-mediated conversations (SCMCs) 663 synonyms 86 syntactic category 323 syntagmatic relations 311, 314, 315 syntax and discourse function 119–37 of folktale 635–6 in narrative analysis 638–9 resulting from fossilization of earlier discourse forms 147 of social episodes 704 transitivity of 359 systemic functional linguistics (SFL) 35 distinction between sentence and text 56 modeling social context in 45 register and genre theory 35–6 Tagalog 165–6 tagging 322 Taiwanese 652, 655, 661, 662 talk adolescent girls’ 601–2 in context 726–7, 734 gender-related patterns of 553–4, 754–5 linking with task, in the classroom 504–5 and the morality of everyday life 596–8 normative order of 253 as practical and moral action 738 preference over written texts, in communication research 735 sequencing in 597, 763 shapes an organization 763 or speech 230 structures, and discursive power 356 topic structure of 674 talk story 511, 512 talk-as-data, in praxis literature 453

Index 847<br />

story grammar 639<br />

story lines 699<br />

storytelling 699<br />

characteristics <strong>of</strong> 795<br />

in conflict strategy 653<br />

embedded in interactional context 640<br />

and expressing an opinion 658<br />

in Hawaii 511<br />

imagination in 773–80<br />

reasons for 640–1<br />

rights, in institutional narratives 531<br />

straight talk 730–1<br />

strategic communication, theory <strong>of</strong> 731–3<br />

strategies<br />

<strong>of</strong> long-term memory 379–80<br />

see also communication strategies;<br />

discourse strategies<br />

stratificational linguistics 35, 37<br />

stress, markings for 341<br />

STRIPS algorithm 805<br />

structuralist narratology 635–6<br />

style<br />

control over public discourse 357<br />

interactional 232–3<br />

<strong>of</strong> news media discourse 425, 426–7<br />

sociolinguistic study <strong>of</strong> 284–5<br />

stylistic variation 284–5<br />

and social variation 295, 298–9<br />

stylistics<br />

and discourse analysis 450–1<br />

and discourse markers 450<br />

figures <strong>of</strong> speech in 285<br />

in forensic linguistics 450<br />

subject–object relations 756<br />

subjectification 148<br />

subjectivity, and ethnographic methods 260<br />

subjects, nondiscourse initial Postposed, <strong>of</strong><br />

ES sentences 274–5<br />

subordination<br />

parsing <strong>of</strong> structures 268–70<br />

sentential 268<br />

substitution 36, 715<br />

subtopic identification, in language<br />

technology 807<br />

summarization, and language technology<br />

809<br />

summary sentences, in language technology<br />

807<br />

supertopics 674, 675–6<br />

suprasegmental elements, in language<br />

teaching 714<br />

surface structure, segmentation and<br />

discourse 267<br />

Swedish 64<br />

syllables<br />

lengthening 333<br />

phrase-final lengthening 333<br />

shortening 333<br />

symbolic capital 601<br />

symbolic interactionism 251<br />

symbols, collective, in racism 380–1, 383<br />

synchronic approach, in historical discourse<br />

analysis 139<br />

synchronic studies, <strong>of</strong> aging and discourse<br />

and 573<br />

synchronicity, <strong>of</strong> participation in computermediated<br />

communication (CMC)<br />

614–15, 617<br />

synchronous computer-mediated<br />

conversations (SCMCs) 663<br />

synonyms 86<br />

syntactic category 323<br />

syntagmatic relations 311, 314, 315<br />

syntax<br />

and discourse function 119–37<br />

<strong>of</strong> folktale 635–6<br />

in narrative analysis 638–9<br />

resulting from fossilization <strong>of</strong> earlier<br />

discourse forms 147<br />

<strong>of</strong> social episodes 704<br />

transitivity <strong>of</strong> 359<br />

systemic functional linguistics (SFL) 35<br />

distinction between sentence and text 56<br />

modeling social context in 45<br />

register and genre theory 35–6<br />

Tagalog 165–6<br />

tagging 322<br />

Taiwanese 652, 655, 661, 662<br />

talk<br />

adolescent girls’ 601–2<br />

in context 726–7, 734<br />

gender-related patterns <strong>of</strong> 553–4, 754–5<br />

linking with task, in the classroom 504–5<br />

and the morality <strong>of</strong> everyday life 596–8<br />

normative order <strong>of</strong> 253<br />

as practical and moral action 738<br />

preference over written texts, in<br />

communication research 735<br />

sequencing in 597, 763<br />

shapes an organization 763<br />

or speech 230<br />

structures, and discursive power 356<br />

topic structure <strong>of</strong> 674<br />

talk story 511, 512<br />

talk-as-data, in praxis literature 453

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