The Handbook of Discourse Analysis
The Handbook of Discourse Analysis The Handbook of Discourse Analysis
436 Colleen Cotter van Dijk, Teun A. 1988. News Analysis. Case Studies of International and National News in the Press. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. van Dijk, Teun A. 1991. Racism and the Press. London: Routledge. van Dijk, Teun A. 1993. Elite Discourse and Racism. Newsbury Park, CA: Sage. van Dijk, Teun A. 1995. Discourse semantics and ideology. Discourse and Society 6: 243–89. van Dijk, Teun A. 1998. Opinions and ideologies in the press. In Bell and Garrett 1998: 21–63. van Dijk, Teun A. and Walter Kintsch. 1983. Strategies of Discourse Comprehension. New York: Academic Press. Verschueren, Jef. 1985. International News Reporting: Metapragmatic Metaphors and the U-2 (Pragmatics and Beyond 6/5). Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Waugh, Linda. 1995. Reported speech in journalistic discourse: the relation of function and text. Text 15.1: 129–73. Weizman, Elda. 1994. Some register characteristics of journalistic language: are they universals? Applied Linguistics 5.1: 39–50. Wortham, Stanton and Michael Locher. 1996. Voicing on the news: an analytic technique for studying media bias. Text 16: 557–85. Zeliger, Barbie. 1995. Text, talk and journalistic quoting practice. Communication Review 1(1): 33–51.
Discourse Analysis in the Legal Context 437 22 Discourse Analysis in the Legal Context ROGER W. SHUY 0 Introduction One of the defining characteristics of discourse analysis is that it is capable of application in a wide variety of settings and contexts. Wherever there is continuous text, written or spoken, there is a potential analysis of such text. The area of law provides an open opportunity for discourse analysis, especially since law is such a highly verbal field. It is generally regarded as a field containing written discourse, for care is taken to record in print all oral interactions that occur in court. Cases are preserved in written form to serve as the basis for later decisions and to record the cases for later review. Law libraries, therefore, house immense collections of written text, such as motions, counterclaims, and judges’ opinions, but they also contain spoken words, transcribed in writing, such as trial testimony, questioning, and argument. Law, therefore, is a fertile field for discourse analysts. 1 A Brief History of Discourse Analysis and Law Forensic linguistics is a somewhat newly recognized subfield of study, having spawned its own academic organizations and journal only recently. In the 1990s, forensic linguistics, in the broader sense, seems to have flowered, with important general collections of articles on language and law (Gibbons 1994; Levi and Walker 1990; Rieber and Stewart 1990), and books on the language of the courtroom (Solan 1993; Stygall 1994), bilingualism in the courtroom (Berk-Seligson 1990), and aircraft communication breakdown (Cushing 1994). Discourse analysis plays a role in these studies, but it is not the centerpiece of these works. There were, of course, instances of the application of linguistics to law much earlier than this. Individual linguists have been called upon to assist attorneys for many years, but, as far as I can tell, without much documentation. For example, I know from personal correspondence that the late Raven I. McDavid, Jr., was used by Chicago
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436 Colleen Cotter<br />
van Dijk, Teun A. 1988. News <strong>Analysis</strong>.<br />
Case Studies <strong>of</strong> International and<br />
National News in the Press. Hillsdale,<br />
NJ: Erlbaum.<br />
van Dijk, Teun A. 1991. Racism and the<br />
Press. London: Routledge.<br />
van Dijk, Teun A. 1993. Elite <strong>Discourse</strong><br />
and Racism. Newsbury Park, CA:<br />
Sage.<br />
van Dijk, Teun A. 1995. <strong>Discourse</strong><br />
semantics and ideology. <strong>Discourse</strong> and<br />
Society 6: 243–89.<br />
van Dijk, Teun A. 1998. Opinions and<br />
ideologies in the press. In Bell and<br />
Garrett 1998: 21–63.<br />
van Dijk, Teun A. and Walter Kintsch.<br />
1983. Strategies <strong>of</strong> <strong>Discourse</strong><br />
Comprehension. New York: Academic<br />
Press.<br />
Verschueren, Jef. 1985. International News<br />
Reporting: Metapragmatic Metaphors and<br />
the U-2 (Pragmatics and Beyond 6/5).<br />
Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John<br />
Benjamins.<br />
Waugh, Linda. 1995. Reported speech in<br />
journalistic discourse: the relation <strong>of</strong><br />
function and text. Text 15.1: 129–73.<br />
Weizman, Elda. 1994. Some register<br />
characteristics <strong>of</strong> journalistic<br />
language: are they universals? Applied<br />
Linguistics 5.1: 39–50.<br />
Wortham, Stanton and Michael Locher.<br />
1996. Voicing on the news: an analytic<br />
technique for studying media bias.<br />
Text 16: 557–85.<br />
Zeliger, Barbie. 1995. Text, talk and<br />
journalistic quoting practice.<br />
Communication Review 1(1): 33–51.
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