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The Handbook of Discourse Analysis

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Register Variation: A Corpus Approach 185<br />

Involved<br />

telephone conversations<br />

35<br />

30<br />

25<br />

20<br />

15<br />

10<br />

5<br />

0<br />

–5<br />

–10<br />

–15<br />

face-to-face conversations<br />

Personal letters<br />

spontaneous speeches<br />

public conversations<br />

Romance fiction<br />

prepared speeches<br />

Mystery and adventure fiction<br />

General fiction<br />

Pr<strong>of</strong>essional letters<br />

broadcasts<br />

Science fiction<br />

Religion<br />

Humor<br />

Popular lore; Editorials; Hobbies<br />

Biographies<br />

Press reviews<br />

Academic prose; Press reportage<br />

linguistic features<br />

Positive features:<br />

Private verbs<br />

that deletion<br />

Contractions<br />

Present tense verbs<br />

2nd person pronouns<br />

do as proverb<br />

Analytic negation<br />

Demonstrative pronouns<br />

General emphatics<br />

1st person pronouns<br />

Pronoun it<br />

be as main verb<br />

Causative subordination<br />

<strong>Discourse</strong> particles<br />

Indefinite pronouns<br />

General hedges<br />

Amplifiers<br />

Sentence relatives<br />

wh-questions<br />

Possibility modals<br />

Nonphrasal coordination<br />

wh-clauses<br />

Final prepositions<br />

Negative features:<br />

Nouns<br />

Word length<br />

Prepositions<br />

Type–token ratio<br />

Attributive adjectives<br />

–20<br />

Official documents<br />

Ecology research articles<br />

Informational<br />

F = 111.9, p < .0001, r 2 = 84.3%<br />

Figure 9.1 Mean scores <strong>of</strong> English Dimension 1 for twenty-three registers: “Involved versus<br />

Informational Production”

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