Entire Transcript in Adobe Acrobat Format - National Reference ...

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research not of benefit, that is a disturbing claim. I am
not convinced of it.
DR. EMANUEL: I think that has to be the
presumption, Alex, given the history and the burden -- I
agree with you. We need to have empirical studies. It is
an issue of fact. It is an issue of fact but the history
of the use of advance directives has to suggest to you that
it is unlikely and that the burden of proof is, you know,
quite --
MR. CAPRON: I mean, because in most states you
do not need an advance directive to get appropriate end of
life care and if you do not get appropriate end of life
care it is for reasons other than the fact that you do not
have an advance directive.
DR. LO: Alex, wait. New York is a state and
Missouri is a state where that is -- legally you need an
advance directive to get life sustaining treatment withheld
or withdrawn generally.
MR. CAPRON: No, you do not. You need clear
and convincing evidence of your views which does not
include an advance directive.
DR. LO: Okay. But most people do not --
(Simultaneous discussion.)
DR. LO: Most people --