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report I th<strong>in</strong>k we need to set up. First there is a longterm<br />

benefit to people with th<strong>in</strong>gs like -- with conditions<br />

such as depression, dementia, to have research done that<br />

does not give them direct benefit but illum<strong>in</strong>ates the<br />

condition they have, the etiology, th<strong>in</strong>gs like that.<br />

The problem is that some of the th<strong>in</strong>gs which<br />

are not very risky to people who have decision mak<strong>in</strong>g<br />

capacity can be quite risky <strong>in</strong> some sense to people who do<br />

not so that is th<strong>in</strong>gs like CAT scans, MRI scans, PET scans,<br />

which for people who are aware present most of the time<br />

very little risk. To someone who does not understand what<br />

is go<strong>in</strong>g on it can be very frighten<strong>in</strong>g. One might,<br />

depend<strong>in</strong>g on how you construe greater than m<strong>in</strong>imal risk,<br />

might say that.<br />

What is miss<strong>in</strong>g out of, you know, the way this<br />

has fallen out is the notion that was there before that has<br />

been <strong>in</strong> previous writ<strong>in</strong>gs on the subject that it makes a<br />

difference whether the research is pert<strong>in</strong>ent to the<br />

condition that the patient has or not.<br />

Now one th<strong>in</strong>g you have done, which I have not<br />

thought through yet, is when you say that it makes a<br />

difference whether you could do the research on subjects<br />

who are able to give consent or not. But, I mean, if you<br />

want to study, for example, what the glucose metabolism is

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