Scientific Presentations Summer 2009 - Dana-Farber/Harvard ...
Scientific Presentations Summer 2009 - Dana-Farber/Harvard ... Scientific Presentations Summer 2009 - Dana-Farber/Harvard ...
Untitled Michel Moravia Mentor: Michael F. Gurish, PhD Scientific Advisor: Tatiana G. Jones, MD, PhD Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School Mast cells (MC) are found throughout the body near blood vessels and mucosal interfaces with the environment where they are thought to play a role in mast cell progenitor homing in innate immunity. The MC homes to the lungs as a committed progenitor (MCp). A recent investigation of MCp homing uncovered a role for T-bet, a transcription factor protein that regulates T cell development, as T-bet deficient mice had reduced numbers of MCp in both the intestine and the lungs (Alcaide et al, 2007). Surprisingly, the study found that T-bet expression in dendritic cells (DC) was critical to the homing of MCp to the intestine. We are extending this finding by investigating whether T-bet+ DC are also required for MCp homing to the lungs. To evaluate this, I will culture bone marrow-derived DC (BMDC) from both wild type C57BL/6 mice and T-bet knockout mice. These DC will be transferred to T-bet deficient mice to evaluate whether T-bet+ DC restores MCp homing to the lung. Two weeks after transfer, I will perform a limiting dilution assay to quantitatively assess the total numbers of MCps present in the lungs of the respective mice. This work has the potential to provide new checkpoints for applied research and drug discoveries. The use of VIA and HPV testing was favored in most studies and successful results were attained. VIA fit the criteria of being efficient compared to cytology, affordable, sensitive and not much training required although is not very specific. Colposcopy use requires a lot of training and experience in order to get the right results. HPV vaccination is costly according to most of the countries economic status, in addition, the 3 doses is problematic since in most studies many patients were lost in follow up visits.
Cervical cancer prevention in developing countries Vivian Nassali Mentor: Annekathyrn Goodman, MD Scientific Advisors: R. Sankaranarayanan, MD and Paul D. Blumenthal, MD Massachusetts General Hospital Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer cause of death in women in undeveloped countries. The sexually transmitted viral infection, Human Papillomavirus (HPV), has been identified as the leading etiologic agent of malignant transformation of the epithelium of the lower genital tract. Specific “high risk” genital subtypes HPV 16 and 18 are highly linked with cervical cancer. It has a long pre-invasive phase called dysplasia or squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) that can be detected by a pelvic exam and a Pap smear. Early intervention of pre-invasive and invasive cancer could eradicate this cancer. Other screening interventions for early detection that may fit in resource poor environments have been developed. Some of the alternative strategies include; HPV testing, and Visual Inspection with Acetic acid, (VIA), HPV vaccination. Methods: We reviewed 13 of the world’s recent literature. Search terms such as “HPV high risk” “cervical Cancer” “Developing Countries” were used in search programs. We reviewed methods that are effective, acceptable, and sensitive, cost efficient as well as rapid tests that promote screen and treat approaches in some developing areas in Africa, Thailand, rural China and India. Results: The following interventions were used: VIA, HPV DNA testing, colposcopy use, as well as HPV vaccination. A total of about 55271 women took part in these different studies, their ages ranging from 24-65 years. VIA, HPV testing, cytology and vaccination showed sensitivity ranging from 67-78%,66-100,53.4%,91.6% and specificity ranging from 48-86%, 61-96%, 93%,99.7 respectively. 99.4 % acceptability by women whom where screened by VIA, method would reduce cancer by 25-30%. HPV testing requires an expert and cytology can detect CIN, CIN2 CIN3 but requires infrastructure and a lab. HPV vaccination would reduce cancer by 40%. Conclusion: The use of VIA and HPV testing was favored in most studies and successful results were attained. VIA fit the criteria of being efficient compared to cytology, affordable, sensitive and not much training required although is not very specific. Colposcopy use requires a lot of training and experience in order to get the right results. HPV vaccination is costly according to most of the countries economic status, in addition, the 3 doses is problematic since in most studies many patients were lost in follow up visits.
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Cervical cancer prevention in developing countries<br />
Vivian Nassali<br />
Mentor: Annekathyrn Goodman, MD<br />
<strong>Scientific</strong> Advisors: R. Sankaranarayanan, MD and Paul D. Blumenthal, MD<br />
Massachusetts General Hospital<br />
Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer cause of death in<br />
women in undeveloped countries. The sexually transmitted viral infection, Human<br />
Papillomavirus (HPV), has been identified as the leading etiologic agent of malignant<br />
transformation of the epithelium of the lower genital tract. Specific “high risk”<br />
genital subtypes HPV 16 and 18 are highly linked with cervical cancer. It has a long<br />
pre-invasive phase called dysplasia or squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) that can<br />
be detected by a pelvic exam and a Pap smear. Early intervention of pre-invasive<br />
and invasive cancer could eradicate this cancer. Other screening interventions for<br />
early detection that may fit in resource poor environments have been developed.<br />
Some of the alternative strategies include; HPV testing, and Visual Inspection with<br />
Acetic acid, (VIA), HPV vaccination. Methods: We reviewed 13 of the world’s recent<br />
literature. Search terms such as “HPV high risk” “cervical Cancer” “Developing<br />
Countries” were used in search programs. We reviewed methods that are effective,<br />
acceptable, and sensitive, cost efficient as well as rapid tests that promote screen and<br />
treat approaches in some developing areas in Africa, Thailand, rural China and India.<br />
Results: The following interventions were used: VIA, HPV DNA testing, colposcopy<br />
use, as well as HPV vaccination. A total of about 55271 women took part in<br />
these different studies, their ages ranging from 24-65 years. VIA, HPV testing, cytology<br />
and vaccination showed sensitivity ranging from 67-78%,66-100,53.4%,91.6%<br />
and specificity ranging from 48-86%, 61-96%, 93%,99.7 respectively. 99.4 % acceptability<br />
by women whom where screened by VIA, method would reduce cancer<br />
by 25-30%. HPV testing requires an expert and cytology can detect CIN, CIN2<br />
CIN3 but requires infrastructure and a lab. HPV vaccination would reduce cancer<br />
by 40%. Conclusion: The use of VIA and HPV testing was favored in most studies<br />
and successful results were attained. VIA fit the criteria of being efficient compared<br />
to cytology, affordable, sensitive and not much training required although is not very<br />
specific. Colposcopy use requires a lot of training and experience in order to get the<br />
right results. HPV vaccination is costly according to most of the countries economic<br />
status, in addition, the 3 doses is problematic since in most studies many patients<br />
were lost in follow up visits.
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