PCB's in Small Capacitors from Waste Electrical and ... - Ecotic

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PCB’s in Small Capacitors from Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipments 3 Laboratory Analyses 3.1 Procedure No standardised preparation and identifi cation methods are yet ruling the handling of shredded small capacitors. Neither do relevant analytical experiences by PCB specialised laboratories exist on this heterogeneous mixture of oily metal, plastic and paper particles of varying size. To verify the results, three different certifi ed laboratories specialised in PCB analyses were therefore commissioned to test certain samples. They were free to choose appropriate homogenisation, sample splitting and extraction method. In a fi rst step, the PCB content was determined after the preparation in all ten bulk samples (see paragraph 3.2). Secondly, further compounds or substance classes, respectively, were identifi ed by means of a GC-MS full scan analysis (see paragraph 3.3). Further tests were performed on capacitors from microwave devices, as fi n dings about the use of PCB substitutes and, perhaps, of electrolytes were expected (see paragraph 3.4). Such high-tension capacitors have a relatively uniform design; they often include signifi cant amounts of liquids and should not hold any PCB’s, as the fi rst devices of this kind were introduced on the market only after the PCB prohibition. A GC-ECD / FID fi n gerprint analysis and a quantifi cation of the main components were practiced. 3.2 PCB Analysis The preparation of the heterogeneous samples, the division of the congeners and the identifi cation were diversely performed by the three analytical laboratories. Table 4 illustrates the essential differences. Measurement errors are evaluated up to 20 – 25 % or 20 – 30 % by the laboratories. The results of the analyses are shown in Table 5, with the fi gures ranging within < 1%. In case of high PCB contents, the values of the different laboratories vary signifi cantly and may come up to factor 10. Table 4 Differences in the preparation of bulk samples Amount of extract Homogenisation Extraction solvent Control of extraction effi ciency Extract evaporation 7– 30 g; 0.2 g; 5 g disk vibratory mill, ultra-centrifugal mill Soxhlet extraction with n-hexane; ultrasound extraction with cyclohexane / acetone / or cyclohexane / ethyl acetate none / insuffi c ient highly variable 10
Table 5 PCB contents [mg/kg] as sum of 6 PCB congeners 5 and its multiplication by factor 5 following LAGA; results of the tests in the three analytical laboratories N° Origin of Capacitors PCB Content [ mg/kg ] Large Household Appliances (LHA), Small Household Appliances (SHA) Laboratory 1 Laboratory 2 Laboratory 3 1 LHA mixture 16’450 1’490 3’110 2 Dishwashers 224 172 – 3 SHA mixture, without microwave devices 439 353 – 4 Microwave devices 11 – – 5 Cooling and freezing appliances
Page 1 and 2: PCB’s in Small Capacitors from Wa
Page 3 and 4: List of Tables Table 1: PCB content
Page 5 and 6: Small capacitors from ballasts in f
Page 7 and 8: PCB-free capacitors (KTAG 2004) sho
Page 9: Fig. 1 Shredder for the reduction o
Page 13 and 14: 4 Discussion on the Results 4.1 Unc
Page 15 and 16: Fig. 3 Import and use of PCB’s in
Page 17 and 18: Regarding the PCB substitutes, a se
Page 19 and 20: 6 Bibliography BAG (2006). PCB und
Page 21 and 22: Annex B: Pictures of Supplied, Prec
Page 23: Annex C: Characterization of the Bu

PCB's in Small Capacitors from Waste Electrical and ... - Ecotic

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