Diabetes in pregnancy: are we providing the best care ... - HQIP

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Social and lifestyle issues long waiting times, especially for women with children, must be addressed. If more women actually saw all the relevant physicians during one clinic appointment this would reduce the time spent at the hospital, the burden of multiple appointments, and would increase women’s motivation to attend further appointments. The fi ndings of this report all point to the need for a widespread diabetes education programme for all women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes of childbearing age and the development of an effective preconception service. While many women are far from ‘perfect’ in terms of knowledge, attitude and co-operation, this can only change in a signifi cant way if the basic education and support systems are in place. Women need to have the knowledge, and the means to achieve good control, so that they can increase their chances of a positive pregnancy outcome. 40
8. Clinical care issues: preconception Learning points • In the CEMACH survey of maternity services, only 17% of maternity units in England, Wales and Northern Ireland reported providing structured multidisciplinary preconception care for women with diabetes. A quarter of women in the enquiry were reported to have had preconception care at a multidisciplinary hospital clinic. • Two thirds of women in the enquiry had suboptimal preconception care. One of the main underlying issues was failure of health professionals to provide appropriate care such as preconception advice and higher dose folic acid. There was poor documentation of pre-pregnancy counselling. • Suboptimal preconception care was associated with poor pregnancy outcome. 8.1 Introduction Women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes represent a high-risk population during pregnancy. Clinicians have a responsibility to provide appropriate information, effective fetal and maternal surveillance, and timely health care interventions to achieve the best possible outcome for the woman and her baby. The Diabetes National Service Framework (NSF) emphasises the importance of an effective multidisciplinary team, both to support and empower women to plan their pregnancies, optimise glycaemic control before conception and improve the quality of antenatal care during pregnancy. 1 However, the recent CEMACH descriptive study of 3808 pregnancies to women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes found that the majority of women with pre-existing diabetes in England, Wales and Northern Ireland are poorly prepared for pregnancy. 2 8.2 Preconception care services The increased risk of fetal congenital anomalies (with the main contributors being neural tube and cardiac defects) 3 and perinatal death in babies of women with pre-existing diabetes 2 can be minimised by ensuring good glycaemic control before and during pregnancy 4 and by commencing high dose (5mg daily) folic acid before conception. 5 During the CEMACH survey of maternity services (2004) 6 , only 17% of maternity units in England, Wales and Northern Ireland reported that they provided a multidisciplinary diabetes preconception service. The CEMACH descriptive study found that only 35% of women were documented in the medical notes to have had pre-pregnancy counselling, with only a tenth of these seen in a formal preconception clinic. 2 During the enquiry, general practitioners and adult diabetes services were also asked where preconception care had been provided. 41
Page 1 and 2: Confidential Enquiry into Maternal
Page 3 and 4: Contents Acknowledgements .........
Page 5 and 6: • Members of the CEMACH Diabetes
Page 7 and 8: Erb’s palsy Injury to the nerve r
Page 9 and 10: Neonatal unit A unit which provides
Page 11 and 12: Foreword This third and fi nal repo
Page 13 and 14: 1. Introduction This is the fi nal
Page 15 and 16: 2. Key fi ndings of the CEMACH Diab
Page 17 and 18: Suboptimal fetal surveillance of ba
Page 19 and 20: 3. Summary of recommendations This
Page 21 and 22: 2. Patient pathways of care includi
Page 23 and 24: the pregnancies meeting this defi n
Page 25 and 26: in order to remove any identifi abl
Page 27 and 28: When deriving odds ratios for any p
Page 29 and 30: Associations are reported in Chapte
Page 31 and 32: Table 5.1 Characteristics of women
Page 33 and 34: Table 5.4 Characteristics of women
Page 35 and 36: was no information available to pan
Page 37 and 38: 6. Factors associated with poor pre
Page 39 and 40: Table 6.2 Association of clinical c
Page 41 and 42: Table 6.5 Association of specifi c
Page 43 and 44: Table 6.8 Association of postnatal
Page 45 and 46: folic acid before pregnancy (19% of
Page 47 and 48: Table 7.2 Panel comments on social
Page 49 and 50: 7.5 Conclusions One of the key fi n
Page 51: 11.Dex S, Heather J (eds). Millenni
Page 55 and 56: chance of induction of labour was r
Page 57 and 58: 8.6.1 Enquiry fi ndings Just over h
Page 59 and 60: Some quotes from the panel discussi
Page 61 and 62: Apart from the explanation of pregn
Page 63 and 64: was associated with poor pregnancy
Page 65 and 66: of women after the fi rst trimester
Page 67 and 68: 9.5.1 Panel comments on suboptimal
Page 69 and 70: During labour and delivery, the maj
Page 71 and 72: Just 52% of 383 women (38% of 164 c
Page 73 and 74: • ‘No serial growth scans perfo
Page 75 and 76: The panel enquiries, which are in e
Page 77 and 78: 10.3.1 Enquiry fi ndings Seventy fi
Page 79 and 80: 10.6 Communication Effective commun
Page 81 and 82: Some quotes from the panel discussi
Page 83 and 84: working between primary and seconda
Page 85 and 86: we therefore selected 7.2% of pregn
Page 87 and 88: 11.4 Preconception behaviour The CE
Page 89 and 90: enquiry related to a 12 month prior
Page 91 and 92: Table 11.10 Differences in postnata
Page 93 and 94: Type 1 and type 2 diabetes have tra
Page 95 and 96: Panels were chaired by the panel ch
Page 97 and 98: In 57% (24/42) of cases, a junior d
Page 99 and 100: Infant formula given as fi rst feed
Page 101 and 102: 2.1 hours in babies remaining with
Page 103 and 104:
12.7.1 Panel comments on suboptimal
Page 105 and 106:
The concerns described here probabl
Page 107 and 108:
External commentary Patricia Hamilt
Page 109 and 110:
informed and motivated to manage th
Page 112 and 113:
100 Appendix A: Pre-pregnancy care
Page 114 and 115:
102 Appendix B: Diabetes enquiry pr
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Appendix C Association between demo
Page 134 and 135:
Appendix C Association of preconcep
Page 136 and 137:
Appendix C Association of postnatal
Page 138 and 139:
Appendix D Association of social an
Page 140 and 141:
Appendix D Association of diabetes
Page 142 and 143:
Appendix E Association between demo
Page 144 and 145:
Appendix E Association between prec
Page 146 and 147:
Appendix E Association between post
Page 148 and 149:
Appendix F - CEMACH advisory groups
Page 150:
Appendix F - CEMACH advisory groups
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