Diabetes in pregnancy: are we providing the best care ... - HQIP
Diabetes in pregnancy: are we providing the best care ... - HQIP
Diabetes in pregnancy: are we providing the best care ... - HQIP
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Appendix E<br />
Association bet<strong>we</strong>en demographic and cl<strong>in</strong>ical characteristics, social and lifestyle issues, and cl<strong>in</strong>ical c<strong>are</strong><br />
with fetal and neonatal deaths (exclud<strong>in</strong>g major fetal congenital anomaly) from 20 <strong>we</strong>eks of gestation up to<br />
28 days after delivery <strong>in</strong> babies of women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes<br />
Association bet<strong>we</strong>en demographic characteristics of fetal and neonatal deaths (exclud<strong>in</strong>g major fetal congenital<br />
anomaly) from 20 <strong>we</strong>eks gestation <strong>in</strong> babies of women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes<br />
Demographic characteristic<br />
Cases<br />
n/N (%)<br />
Controls<br />
n/N (%)<br />
Crude OR<br />
[95% CI]<br />
Adjusted OR<br />
Age - - 1.0 [1.0, 1.0] 1.0 [1.0, 1.0] b<br />
Black, Asian or O<strong>the</strong>r Ethnic<br />
M<strong>in</strong>ority group<br />
25/95 (26) 41/220 (19) 1.6 [0.9, 2.8] 1.3 [0.7, 2.5] a<br />
Primigravidity 48/95 (51) 92/220 (42) 1.4 [0.9, 2.3] 1.5 [0.9, 2.7] a<br />
Maternal social deprivation d - - 1.2 [1.0, 1.4] 1.2 [1.0, 1.5] c<br />
a<br />
adjusted for maternal age and deprivation.<br />
b<br />
adjusted for maternal deprivation.<br />
c<br />
adjusted for maternal age. Odds ratio is for one year <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>in</strong> maternal age.<br />
d<br />
Qu<strong>in</strong>tile of social deprivation derived from postcode of residence. Odds ratio is for unit <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>in</strong> deprivation qu<strong>in</strong>tile.<br />
Association bet<strong>we</strong>en cl<strong>in</strong>ical characteristics of fetal and neonatal deaths (exclud<strong>in</strong>g major fetal congenital anomaly)<br />
from 20 <strong>we</strong>eks gestation <strong>in</strong> babies of women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes<br />
Cl<strong>in</strong>ical characteristic<br />
Cases<br />
n/N (%)<br />
Controls<br />
n/N (%)<br />
Crude OR [95% CI]<br />
Adjusted OR a<br />
Body Mass Index (BMI ≥ 30) 13/56 (23) 33/137 (24) 1.0 [0.5, 2.0] 0.8 [0.3, 1.7]<br />
Pre-exist<strong>in</strong>g diabetes<br />
complications<br />
15/78 (19) 16/197 (8) 2.7 [1.3, 5.8] 2.1 [0.9, 4.8]<br />
Ret<strong>in</strong>opathy <strong>in</strong> <strong>pregnancy</strong> 21/61 (34) 50/167 (30) 1.2 [0.7, 2.3] 1.3 [0.7, 2.6]<br />
Diabetic nephropathy <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>pregnancy</strong><br />
14/71 (20) 14/185 (8) 3.0 [1.3, 6.8] 2.6 [1.1, 6.1]<br />
Recurrent episodes of<br />
hypoglycaemia dur<strong>in</strong>g<br />
42/86 (49) 105/205 (51) 0.9 [0.6, 1.5] 1.1 [0.6, 1.9]<br />
<strong>pregnancy</strong><br />
Severe hypoglycaemia dur<strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>pregnancy</strong> (one or more<br />
episodes of hypoglycaemia<br />
requir<strong>in</strong>g external help)<br />
13/66 (20) 32/167 (19) 1.0 [0.5, 2.1] 1.2 [0.5, 2.6]<br />
Antenatal evidence of fetal<br />
growth restriction<br />
Antenatal evidence of<br />
macrosomia (fetal size >90th<br />
centile)<br />
a<br />
Adjusted for maternal age and deprivation.<br />
11/81 (14) 11/218 (5) 3.0 [1.2, 7.2] 3.0 [1.2, 7.5]<br />
32/79 (41) 76/216 (35) 1.3 [0.7, 2.1] 1.4 [0.8, 2.4]<br />
130