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ASBESTOS SAFETY AND HEALTH SPECIALIST MANUAL

AGENCY ASBESTOS SAFETY & HEALTH SPECIALIST TRAINING
8:00AM - 8:30AM
8:30AM - 9:00AM
Welcome, Registration
State Program Review/ Agency Safety & Health Specialist
Responsibilities - (Sections 1 & 2)
9:00AM - 9:30AM Hazard Recognition - (Section 3)
9:30AM - 9:45AM
BREAK
9:45AM - 10:30AM Policies & Recordkeeping - (Section 4)
10:30AM - 11:15AM
11:15AM - 12:30PM
Work Practice Review: Automotive, Building Maintenance,
Special Operations - (Section 5)
LUNCH
12:30PM - 2:30PM Respiratory Programs & Fit Testing - (Sections 6 & 7)
2:30PM - 2:45PM
BREAK
2:45PM - 3:15PM Equipment Maintenance - (Section 8)
3:15PM - 4:00PM "Training the Trainer" - Level I & Level II Auto - (Section 9)
4:00PM - 5:00PM
Review, Exam, Evaluation
2

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SectionI. Program Review .............................................................................................................4
A. Asbestos Related Activities ....................................................................4
B. Asbestos Management.............................................................................6
SectionII. Agency Safety & Health Specialist................................................................................9
Responsibilities
SectionIII. Hazard Recognition .....................................................................................................13
SectionIV. Policies & Recordkeeping ...........................................................................................18
A. Summary of Major Policies ..................................................................18
B. Major Areas of Recordkeeping .............................................................22
SectionV. Work Practices Review............................................................................................... 31
A. Work Practices: Operations/Maintenance.............................................31
B. Work Practices: Automotive .................................................................51
C. Work Practices: Special Operations......................................................67
SectionVI. Respiratory Protection Program ................................................................................. 68
SectionVII. Respirator Fit Testing...............................................................................................100
SectionVIII. Equipment Maintenance ........................................................................................ 107
SectionIX. Training Level I & Retraining .................................................................................. 122
Level II (auto)
A. Robert M. Jordan Notes ......................................................................122
B. Automotive Annual Retraining and Learning Objectives…………...123
C. Level I Training..................................................................................128
3

SECTION I-A
ASBESTOS-RELATED ACTIVITIES - MARYLAND STATE DEPARTMENTS
MARYLAND DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Air & Radiation Management Administration
Air Quality Compliance Program
State Employees' Asbestos Safety & Health Division
(410) 537-3200
- info./scheduling for medical monitoring and training
- consultation for work practices design, personal sampling
- consultation for asbestos management , O&M
- consultation for equipment needs evaluation and purchase
- info. on Asbestos Oversight Committee
- consultation for hazard assessment, small-scale
- scope of work assistance for abatement contracts
- bulk sampling coordination with lab
Asbestos Accreditation and School Assistance Division (410) 537-3200
- receipt and review of AHERA management plans
- consultation on and inspections of schools for compliance
with AHERA regulations
- accreditation of Asbestos Training Courses
Asbestos Licensing and Enforcement Division (410) 537-3200
- listings of Licensed Asbestos Contractors
- enforcement of state and federal asbestos removal regulations (abatement
complaints inspected)
- interim asbestos waste storage approval
-
Waste Management Administration (410) 537-3424
- information about disposal of asbestos
- listings of landfills that accept asbestos
4

DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL SERVICES
Office of Asbestos Management (410) 767-4703
- abatement contract writing and procurement
- previous statewide survey records
- industrial hygiene contract procurement
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, LICENSING & REGULATION
Maryland Occupational Safety & Health (MOSH)
- consultation on OSHA standards (410) 880-6145
-investigation of work conditions
(Consultation)
(if an employee files complaint)
(410)767-2197 or
(410) 767-2213
(Enforcement)
DEPARTMENT OF BUDGET AND MANAGEMENT
Office of Human Resources
Office of the Asbestos Program Manager (410)767-4718
- Information about Asbestos-related Personnel Policies
5

SECTION I-B
ASBESTOS MANAGEMENT
IN STATE-OWNED BUILDINGS
APPROACH
The Governor's Asbestos Oversight Committee focuses the State's efforts on the identification,
correction, and prevention of imminent health conditions: conditions where, because of damage,
deterioration, and access, the likelihood of airborne fiber release and exposure are increased.
Facilities and departments implement the State's asbestos hazard identification and control
efforts through the use of management plans based on the following principles:
Asbestos in good condition
- Maintain in place until removal for renovation/demolition.
- Routine surveillance at least every 6 months for change in condition or access.
Asbestos with damage or deterioration
- Use interim controls until repair/removal done.
- Small scale (amounts less than 160 sq. ft. /260 lin. ft./ 35 cu. ft.): repair/remove
in-house with trained, equipped, medically monitored State employees ("Level
II").
- Large scale (amounts greater than 160 sq. ft./260 lin. ft./ 35 cu. ft.): repair
remove by licensed asbestos abatement contractor.
ORGANIZATION
Asbestos Oversight Committee (AOC)
- Coordinates asbestos control in state-owned buildings.
- Develops prioritized project list for Statewide Asbestos Hazard Abatement Fund.
- Develops and updates the statewide asbestos management plan, including:
policies and contract guidelines; safety, health & equipment program; training and
medical monitoring program, asbestos operations and maintenance program
development assistance.
6

Departments Which Own and Control Buildings
- Ensure the development and implementation of asbestos management programs
by facilities.
- Prioritize asbestos imminent health hazard projects at department level.
- Ensure inclusion of asbestos in facility Reno/demo plans.
- Coordinate medical monitoring, training & equipment needs.
Facilities
- Develop and implement site specific asbestos management plans.
- periodic surveillance, emergency response system, safe work practices, asbestos
work permits, response action schedules.
- Perform small scale asbestos repair/maintenance projects with Level II
employees.
- Ensure that training, medical monitoring, and equipment are current.
- Include asbestos in Reno/demo plans.
- Prioritize imminent health hazard conditions according to facility impact and long
term plans.
Funding
- State Asbestos Hazard Abatement Fund - directed by the AOC, for correction
of imminent health hazard conditions only, as prioritized by facilities,
departments and the Asbestos Oversight Committee.
- Departmental Operating Budgets - patch and repair or remove if within limited
scope (160 sq. ft., 260 lin. ft. or 35 cu. ft.) by State employees. Associated costs
relating to abatement, i.e. renting temporary space, moving expenses, etc. are the
responsibility of the facility.
- Departmental Renovation/Demolition Capital Budget - should include cost of
removal of asbestos in project area; when interim controls are feasible, abatement
of damaged asbestos may be held until a scheduled Reno/demo project occurs.
- Auxiliary/Independent Funds - when available, must be used for imminent
health hazard conditions and Reno/demo associated asbestos removal.
- State Employees Asbestos Program - covers worker/management training at
this time. Medical monitoring costs are the responsibility of the facilities.
7

SPECIFIC DEPARTMENTAL RESPONSIBILITIES
MDE
- Chairs Oversight Committee.
- Provides industrial hygiene consultation.
- Manages medical monitoring and training programs.
- Reviews facility management plans on an annual basis.
DGS
- Oversees Statewide Asbestos Hazard Abatement Fund.
- Procures and manages asbestos abatement contracts.
- Deals with asbestos in renovation/demolition projects.
- Retains abatement records for many but not all facilities and previous Statewide
survey records.
DLLR
- Consultation and enforcement on OSHA regulations.
DB&M
- Oversee management of capital funds.
- Personnel policy relating to asbestos.
8

SECTION II
OVERVIEW OF RESPONSIBILITIES
I. Departmental Asbestos Coordinator
A. Reports to Department or Agency Head
B. Duties
1. Prepares reports for Department Head & Asbestos Oversight
Committee (AOC).
a. Status of asbestos conditions in department.
b. Priority for funding requests for asbestos abatements in
department.
2. Coordinates with facilities within department to:
a. Formulate budget requests at departmental level.
b. Ensure that facilities fulfill obligations under Operations
and Maintenance Program (O&M).
c. Ensure records are maintained and updated in a timely
manner.
d. Ensure that facility personnel are properly trained,
medically monitored and provided with approved
equipment.
II.
Facility Asbestos Program Manager
A. Reports to facility head and departmental coordinator.
B. Prepares status and prioritization reports for departmental coordinator and
facility head.
C. Duties
1. Ensures and reviews periodic surveillance of all Asbestoscontaining
material (ACM).
2. Develops a management plan for handling the ACM at the facility.
9

3. Ensures that Level II people in facility are trained and medically
monitored.
4. Ensures that approved work practices are used.
5. Ensures that employees are notified of personal sampling results.
6. Works with facility managers on public relations matters.
a. Notifies occupants of real and potential asbestos problems,
the relative risks, and what is being done to correct the
problem.
b. In conjunction with the department's and facility's public
relations office, assist with information for citizen and
news inquiries.
7. Prepares reports for the facility head.
8. Prepares budget requests for the asbestos management
programs/projects at facility.
9. Ensures that asbestos waste is properly containerized, stored, and
transported to an approved landfill.
10. Ensures maintenance of records on periodic surveillance and
management of asbestos materials.
III.
Agency Asbestos Safety & Health Specialist
A. Reports to Asbestos Program Manager
B. Duties
[Note that many of the duties listed below require accreditation as Asbestos Supervisors
and Building Inspectors in order to comply with State and Federal regulations. Each
Agency Safety & Health Specialist must ensure that they have the necessary accreditation
to perform these duties. Contact the State Employees Asbestos Program to arrange for the
required training to get the needed accreditation.]
1. Ensures that appropriate equipment is available for Level II work
and that such equipment is used and maintained according to
prescribed procedures.
2. Investigates complaints and collects samples where necessary.
10

3. Works with maintenance department to develop job specifications
for in-house O&M projects. (Must have an accredited project
designer sign off if greater 3 sq. or 3 ln. ft.)
4. Works with the maintenance department overseeing all asbestos
projects particularly:
a. Verifying containment.
b. Verifying that all equipment is present which is necessary
to do the job safely.
c. Conducting the final inspection and ensuring work is
complete.
5. Maintains accurate records concerning asbestos related work
activity at the facility.
6. Implements annual Level I training and Level II Auto retraining at
the facility level.
7. Participates on safety and health committees.
8. Implements a respiratory protection program and ensure that
employees have appropriate medical surveillance before using
respirators. Must receive annual fit tests.
9. Implements procedures for asbestos waste disposal.
IV.
Maintenance Supervisor
A. Reports to Asbestos Program Manager and coordinates asbestos-related
work with the Agency Safety and Health Specialist
( If the maintenance supervisor directly supervises Level II work then he or she
must be accredited as an Asbestos Supervisor in accordance with OSHA and EPA in
order to perform the following duties,).
B. Duties
1. Reports incidents of damaged ACM, fiber release episodes, etc. to
the agency safety and health specialist for investigation.
11

2. Maintains equipment and supplies in a readiness state, to be able to
respond to emergencies in a timely manner. (When delegated in
writing by the ASHS).
3. Assists the agency safety and health specialist in developing work
practices for response actions.
4. Ensures that Level II crews follow prescribed work practices.
5. Informs workers of the location of all areas known to have ACM
and see that all suspected areas are investigated before work
begins.
6. Implements a system of work permits which restricts all work on
ACM to authorized personnel.
12

SECTION III
HAZARD RECOGNITION
I. Visual Inspection of Possible Asbestos Hazards
A. Preliminary Task -- Review the following, prior to inspection
1. Uses and applications of ACM
2. Probable locations and likely suspect areas
a. Sources of information
(1) Internal maintenance reports
(2) Facility maintenance & operations managers
(3) Complaints
(4) Periodic surveillance reports
(5) Building Completion Reports (generated by the 1986
statewide asbestos survey).
(6) Architect’s plans
(7) Previous asbestos activity reports
[NOTE: A site investigation in still required regardless of records review.]
B. Perform a visual inspection of the site. The following aspects should be
determined during the inspection.
1. Conditions
a. Friable Material
NOTE: Must actually touch the material to determine its friability.
Visual assessment is not sufficient for this aspect. A material is
friable if, when dry, it can be crushed to dust by hand pressure.]
1. Deterioration
2. Water damage
[often determined by the presence of water leaks, and/or
stains on the surface of the material]
3. Physical damage
[caused by impacts on the material. Tears, punctures,
depressions, etc. are some results of physical damage.]
13

. Non-friable Material
2. Extent of damage
[NOTE: Must actually touch the material to determine its friability.
Visual assessment is not sufficient for this aspect. A material is
non-friable if, when dry, it can NOT be crushed to dust by hand
pressure.]
1. Deterioration
2. Water damage
3. Physical damage
[NOTE: If deterioration, water damage, and physical damage is present, the
inspector must decide if the material is still non-friable. If the material is
determined to be non-friable, an assessment must be made & kept with the
management plan to decide when the material will "cross-over" into a hazardous
friable state.
a. Significant > 10% areas, > 25% local
b. Moderate < 10% area, < 25% local
c. Low

6. Air Movement/Air Erosion
a. Area in an air plenum
b. Area in path of air movement, (mechanical/natural)
7. Vibration
a. mechanical forces
b. occupant activity
Is the suspect material used in a function which asbestos is characteristically used?
II.
Methods of Identification
[NOTE: It is impossible to verify the presence of asbestos containing materials by visual observation.
Laboratory methods must be used. Samples must be analyzed by an accredited lab e.g. DHMH lab.]
A. Bulk sampling of ACM
1. Purpose of bulk sampling -- Verify the presence of asbestos through PLM
(polarized light microscopy) or TEM (transmission electron microscopy).
2. Must be performed by an accredited inspector
3. Sampling procedure
a. Use respirator and other appropriate personal protective equipment
b. Do not take bulk samples while occupants are in the vicinity
c. Protect the area around the sampling site from contamination
d. Avoid cross-contamination when taking samples
e. Accurately record sampling information
f. Properly dispose of any waste generated
h. Restore the area where bulk sample was taken to prevent fiber
release
B. Air sampling (not generally performed by ASHS)
1. Purpose and limitations --
a. Purpose
(1) Measure airborne fiber levels
(2) Used to measure personal exposure
(3) Used for clearance after work is complete
b. Limitations
(1) Often just measures all fibers -- not just asbestos
(2) Air sampling must be representative of area being sampled
15

(3) Air sampling data is valid only for conditions that were
occurring during the sampling period
2. Sampling methods and lab analysis
a. Sampling methods -- Uses an calibrated air pump to pull room air
through a filter
b. Laboratory methods
(1) PCM -- phase contrast microscopy
(2) TEM -- transmission electron microscopy
3. Types of sampling
a. personal sampling
b. area sampling
c. aggressive sampling as clearance sampling procedures
III.
Selecting Response Actions (must be done by an accredited management planner)
A. Process in selecting response actions
B. Emergency fiber release episodes as per ASHARA.
1. Minor : < 3 sq ft or 3 linear ft.
a. Immediate restriction of area
1. Signs posted
2. Barriers up
b. Select method of abatement
2. Major: > 3 sq ft or 3 lin ft
a. Immediate restriction of area
1. Signs posted
2. Barriers up
b. Contact accredited Project Designer
c. Decide if the response action will be by contract or Level II
d. Initiate response action
16

C. Planned Response Action (Imminent Health Hazard, Renovation)
1. Repair
2. Remove/substitute
3. Enclose
4. Encapsulate
5. O&M
6. Isolation/Restricted Access
IV.
Initial Cleaning
A. Purpose - to clean up existing asbestos contamination and prevent
it from becoming airborne.
B. Who's Responsible - Level II workers will do the initial cleaning
under the guidance of their accredited supervisor or Safety &
Health Specialist
C. Training & P.P.E. - workers must be trained and wear disposable
suits and PAPR respirators to do initial cleaning.
D. Frequency - initial cleaning will be performed after contamination
is discovered with further cleaning as necessary. If the need for
cleaning becomes excessive, a more permanent abatement option
must be considered.
17

SECTION IV-A
STATE EMPLOYEES ASBESTOS PROGRAM
SUMMARY OF MAJOR POLICIES
TRAINING
- All new Level II employees or employees who transfer into Level II positions must be
trained during their probationary period in a Level II training program approved by the
Department of the Environment (MDE).
- No employee shall work with asbestos until he/she has been trained by the MDE and has
passed a written examination.
- If training is not provided, the employee has the right to refuse the assignment.
- All Level II building maintenance employees must be retrained annually by MDE and
successfully meet the objectives of the Level II retraining requirements before engaging
in asbestos-related work assignments. This training is also mandated by Federal
Regulations.
- A standardized written examination will be provided at the end of the initial training.
These exams are administered and retained confidentially for five years by MDE.
- All Level II automotive workers must be retrained annually by their Agency Safety &
Health Specialist.
DEFINITIONS
LEVEL I WORKER -
LEVEL II WORKER -
Any worker with the potential for asbestos exposure because of
work-related activities, but who does not normally break, cut into,
tear out, or otherwise disturb asbestos or asbestos-containing
materials.
Any worker whose job activity causes him/her to break, cut into,
tear out, or otherwise disturb asbestos or asbestos-containing
materials, or who must work in areas where this activity takes
place.
INCIDENTAL JOB ACTIVITIES -
Those job activities which happen as a result of, or
in connection with, the performance of an
employee's normal duties that are unavoidable
because of the nature of that job activity.
18

MEDICAL MONITORING
- Post-probationary Level II employees who cannot be medically approved for respirator
use will be reassigned, within classification, to other available work not involving Level
II activities.
- All Level II workers will be provided preplacement and periodic examinations by the
medical monitoring contractor. Termination examinations will be offered when the
employee leaves Level II work.
- All Level II employees must participate in the Medical monitoring process. Level II
employees are not to perform Level II asbestos duties until their Medical Monitoring
exam approves them to use respiratory protective equipment.
- An employee who participates in the medical monitoring program, but refuses any
components of the examination, will be advised that the refusal may compromise his
health status and CANNOT perform Level II duties.
- All Level II new hires should meet the prerequisites for both Medical Monitoring and
Training during the Probationary Period. The probationary period may be extended if
necessary.
- If an employee refuses to work with asbestos, he will not be eligible for medical
monitoring. This refusal will be documented.
- If an employee can document previous Level II exposure as a State employee and no
longer works with asbestos, he shall be entitled to medical monitoring on a voluntary
basis.
- Confidentiality of all medical records will be assured by maintaining medical records
separately from personnel records and limiting access to medical personnel, the
employee, and the employee's designated representative.
19

WORK PRACTICES
- Level II State employees will be assigned work with Asbestos only when it is incidental,
but necessary for the performance of their normal job functions, and where the amount of
asbestos is less than 160 sq. ft. or 260 linear feet or 35 cu. ft. per Bldg. per year.
Activities involving larger amounts are to be contracted out.
- Employees found to be unable to wear respirators, or otherwise medically unfit for
asbestos related work, shall not be permitted to work with asbestos.
- Disposable protective clothing shall be provided and worn when performing Level II
activities.
- State employees can volunteer to perform non-incidental work less than 160 sq. ft. or 260
linear ft. or 35 cu. ft. per building per year, with notification of and approval by their
Agency Safety & Health Specialist.
- Type C full-face airline respirators with pressure demand regulators are to be used when
performing Level II Operations/Maintenance activities. When necessary for safety
considerations, a full-face powered air-purifying respirator ) may be substituted.
- Negative pressure half-face air purifying respirators (e.g. MSA Comfo-II or equivalent)
with HEPA cartridges are to be used when performing brake-repairs using an enclosed
cylinder/vacuum system or an approved wet system. PAPR's are to be used when the
brake/clutch enclosure or wet system is not feasible to use. PAPR's are also to be used
when changing the filters on the HEPA vacuum.
- Negative pressure half-face air purifying respirators (e.g. MSA Comfo-II or equivalent)
with HEPA cartridges can also be used by Building Inspectors taking 3 samples or less
per inspection period. PAPR’s are to be used by building inspectors any time they
anticipate taking more than 3 samples.
- Facial hair which prevents direct contact of bare skin with the respirator sealing surface is
prohibited by The State Employees Asbestos Program.
- Whenever possible, all occupants in the vicinity of an asbestos-related job should be
evacuated to another area. If evacuation is not possible, appropriate failsafe enclosures
shall be used to prevent exposure.
- All non-essential movable objects should be removed and all electrical equipment, outlets
and ventilation systems shall be properly prepared for the project. (i.e. deactivated,
locked out and isolated)
- A clean, uncontaminated change area must be set up on all asbestos-related jobs.
- OSHA warning signs must be posted on all asbestos-related jobs.
20

- Under no circumstances will Level II employees be allowed to perform asbestos jobs
where wetting is not feasible.
- An asbestos work differential of 50% will be paid to Level II employees in 1/10 hour
increments, for time spent by the employee performing asbestos-related activities, and for
time spent changing into and removing specified clothing and equipment.
- Upon completion of initial Level II training, each employee hired prior to March 15,
1985 has 15 days to decide his/her option to sign a formal work refusal form and turn it
into their maintenance/automotive supervisor. Failure to turn in this form implies a
consent to perform Level II work if required.
- Employees who were hired after March 15, 1985 do not have the option to refuse to work
with asbestos when such employees have been duly informed of Level II job
requirements and have been trained, medically monitored, respirator fit tested, and
provided with appropriate safety equipment. They may also refuse if they were not given
the opportunity to read and have explained to them the required consent form.
NOTE:
For a complete statement of program policies and procedures, contact the
State Employees Asbestos Program
21

SECTION IV-B
I. Personnel Records
STATE EMPLOYEES ASBESTOS PROGRAM
MAJOR AREAS OF RECORDKEEPING
A. Medical Monitoring and training - records kept by the Departmental Asbestos
Coordinator with copies to the Agency Asbestos Safety Health Specialist and
facilities.
B. Retraining - Kept by the Agency Asbestos Safety & Health Specialist with
copies to the Departmental Asbestos Coordinator.
C. Refusal - Kept by the Department Asbestos Coordinator.
D. Consent - Kept by Agency Personnel Department after hiring process.
E. Fit Tests - Kept by Agency Safety & Health Specialist.
II.
Facility-Wide Asbestos Records
A. Asbestos Hazard Report - investigation and reporting by Agency Asbestos Safety
and Health Specialists, copies to the Departmental Asbestos Coordinator.
B. Special reports from Tracor survey.
C. Survey reports - from DHMH, Tracor, DGS, consultants, etc.
D. Asbestos Management Plan.
E. Periodic Surveillance Records
III
Level II Asbestos Work
A. Level II work log - maintained by the Agency Asbestos Safety & Health
Specialists.
B. Individual job records (by Bldg.) - maintained by the Agency Safety & Health
Specialist
C. Quarterly review - summary of asbestos work performed, asbestos waste
generated, hazard investigation and other asbestos problems to the Departmental
Asbestos Coordinator - by Agency Asbestos Safety & Health Specialist.
22

IV.
EQUIPMENT
A. Inventories - Kept by Agency Asbestos Safety & Health Specialist.
B. Maintenance and Repair Records - Kept by the Agency Asbestos Safety & Health
Specialist.
C. Equipment Usage logs - Kept by the Agency Asbestos Safety & Health Specialist.
23

ASBESTOS SAFETY & HEALTH MEDICAL MONITORING RECORDS
STATE EMPLOYEES ASBESTOS SAFETY & HEALTH PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT__________________________ AGENCY__________________________
LOCATION_____________________________________________________________________
PIN # EMPLOYEE NAME SOCIAL
SECURITY #
JOB CLASS. BASELINE RESPIRATOR
APPROVAL
NEXT
MED.
MONI.
DATE
FUTURE
MED.
MONI.
DATE
24

PERMIT APPLICATION FOR PERFORMING ASBESTOS WORK
FACILITY:___________________________ BUILDING:____________________________
PERMIT REQUESTED BY:_____________________ ORGANIZATION:_________________________
PHONE NUMBER:_____________________________
PURPOSE AND DESCRIPTION OF THE WORK:_________________________________________________
STARTING DATE AND TIME:_______________________ ANTICIPATED COMPLETION DATE &
TIME:______________
APPROXIMATE AMOUNT OF ASBESTOS:
GREATER THAN NESHAPS (160 SQ.FT.; 260 LINEAR FEET; 35 CUBIC FEET)
LESS THAN NESHAPS (160 SQ.FT.; 260 LINEAR FEET;35 CUBIC FEET)
PLANNED ASBESTOS CONTROL METHODS TO BE USED AND PROCEDURES TO ISOLATE THE WORK AREA:
PROJECT DESIGNER REQUIRED: YES NO; NAME OF PROJECT DESIGNER:______________________________
PROJECT DESIGNER'S ACCREDITATION NUMBER:______________________
PROJECT DESIGNER'S PHONE NUMBER AND ADDRESS:_____________________________________________________
WORK TO BE PERFORMED BY: LEVEL II EMPLOYEES; __________________________________________________
NAME OF ACCREDITED SUPERVISOR(S) TO BE USED ON THE JOB:_______________________________
ACCREDITATION NUMBER FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL:_______________________________
PHONE NUMBER(S):___________________________________
25

TYPE OF PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT TO BE WORN:______________________________________________
NAME OF PERSON TO PERFORM FINAL INSPECTION OF THE JOB:________________________________
DESCRIBE HOW ASBESTOS WASTE WILL BE HANDLED AT THE JOB SITE; IF INTERIM WASTE STORAGE
WILL BE NECESSARY, DESCRIBE LOCATION AND THE DURATION WASTE WILL BE HELD; AND INDICATE
THE LANDFILL WHERE ASBESTOS WILL BE DISPOSED IN TERMS OF ITS ADDRESS AND EPA LICENSE
NUMBER.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
DESCRIBE SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS NECESSARY AT THE WORK SITE AND HOW THE WORK WILL DEAL WITH
THESE CONCERNS:
26

OBTAIN THE FOLLOWING SIGN-OFF APPROVALS:
POSITIONS SIGNATURE DATE
ASBESTOS PROGRAM MANAGER
AGENCY SAFETY & HEALTH
SPECIALIST
MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT
SUPERVISOR
UNIT SUPERVISOR IN PROPOSED
WORK AREA
SECURITY DEPARTMENT
SUPERVISOR
FACILITY
SUPERINTENDENT/ASSISTANT
SUPERINTENDENT
APPROVAL IS HEREBY GRANTED TO PERFORM ASBESTOS WORK UNDER THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS
OUTLINED.
SIGNED:_____________________________ POSITION:_________________ DATE:_____________________
PRINTED NAME:______________________________________ PHONE #_________________________
27

DEPT.:______________ FACILITY:____________________ DATE:______________
RECORDKEEPING SYSTEM
An asbestos recordkeeping system keeps relevant information available to those who need it for
daily asbestos activities, provides information necessary for facility, departmental, and State
level planning, meets the requirements of related laws and regulations, and provides legal
documentation.
TYPE OF RECORD Maintained By Location of Records Procedures for Access
1. Survey results- BCR's,
FSR's, etc.
2. As Builts,
Architectural Plans,
Blueprints
3. Maintenance Records
4. Medical Monitoring &
Training Records
5. Equipment Logs
6. Management Plans
7. Abatement Contracts,
Priorities, Log of
Activities
8. O&M activities,
permits, sampling data,
waste manifests,
emergency work
9. Periodic Surveillance
Results
10. Written Respiratory
Protection Program
11. Consent/Refusal
Status of Employees,
Incentive Pay Logs
29

PERIOD SURVEILLANCE SURVEY SHEET
BUILDING:
DATE OF SURVEY: / / SUPERSEDES SURVEY DATED: / /
PAGE ____ OF
LOCATION CONDITION
(GOOD or
NEEDS REPAIR)
TYPE OF ACM
(SURFACE;
TSI; MISC)
COMMENTS: Cause/Suggested Correction;
Exposure Risk; Potential For
Damage/Significant Damage; Recommendations
For Follow-up, e.g., collection of bulk samples,
restriction of area, increased surveillance
schedule, etc.
SURVEYOR: ACCREDITED BLDG INSP..:
AGENCY SAFETY & HEALTH SPECIALIST:
RECEIPT BY ACCREDITED MGMT PLANNER: / / MGMT PLANNER:
30

WORK PRACTICES REVIEW: OPERATIONS & MAINTENANCE
SECTION V-A
There are six asbestos abatement control options and one or a combination of them can be used
on the same job. These control option are: removal, repair, isolation/restricted access,
encapsulation, enclosure, and operations & maintenance (O&M)
When performing asbestos abatement work there are 6 principles to be emphasized
(1) Containment
(2) Air Filtration with HEPA Filters
(3) Negative Air pressure
(4) Wet Methods
(5) Good Housekeeping
(6) Proper Cleanup & Waste Disposal
AREA PREPARATION
Put up Warning Signs
Shut off ventilation system, seal vents and lock out controls
Shut off electrical system and lock out controls
Bring in extension cords
Bring in scaffolds and tools
Build the decon
Hook-up and start the negative air machine
Clean everything in the room
Throw out what can’t be cleaned
Take out anything that can be moved
Wrap anything that can’t be moved in 6 mil poly
Cover all openings (critical barriers) in the room with 2 layers of 6 mil poly
Put a layer of 6 mil poly on the surfaces not being abated (overlap 12”)
Put a second layer of poly on the surfaces not being abated
MINIMIZE FIBER RELEASE
Keep asbestos wet
Scrape/Cut asbestos while wet and place it in a labeled 6 mil disposal bag
“Gooseneck” all bags and double them
Keep Work Area Under "Negative Air Pressure";
Powered Hand tools Locally Exhausted Through HEPA Filter;
Use wooden or plastic tools
Proper use of scrapers/cutting implements
Good Housekeeping Procedures To Be Used (no dropping or throwing asbestos, clean up as you
go)
31

Prohibited Work Practices: dry, not using a HEPAvacuum, etc.
No eating, drinking, smoking, chewing, or applying cosmetics in work area
CLEANUP & DISPOSAL
Remove gross debris from work area
Means to Decontaminate Workers and Equipment Available: plastic on floor, single chamber
decon, three stage decon w/shower; Must use every time you enter or exit the work area
Means to Decontaminate Waste Containers Before Removal from Regulated Area;
Proper Storage and removal of Waste
Procedures to Account for and Track Asbestos Waste;
Filtration Devices in Place to Remove Asbestos from Waste Water;
Everything must be cleaned or disposed of from job
Use a lock down encapsulant
Take down first layer of poly (Wet wiping and HEPA vacuuming first)
Take down second layer of poly (Wet wiping and HEPA vacuuming first)
Remove poly from non-movable objects and clean but don’t remove poly from critical barriers
Have air monitoring done
If passed, shut off negative air machine
Take poly off criticals
Disassemble the decon
Procedure to Verify Completion of Cleanup
Clean Tools
Apply Sprayback
32

OSHA WARNING SIGNS AND LABELS
Danger - Asbestos
Cancer & Lung Disease Hazard
Authorized Personnel Only
Respirators & Protective
Clothing Are Required
In This Area
Fig. 1 Sign, Asbestos Danger
Asbestos
Danger
Cancer & Lung
Disease Hazard
Authorized Personnel
Only
Fig 2 Sign, Asbestos Danger
Danger
Contains Asbestos Fibers
Avoid Creating Dust
Cancer & Lung Disease Hazard
Fig 3 Danger Warning Label, Asbestos
Waste Bags
Asbestos Free
Fig 4 Asbestos Free Label
Use sign shown in Fig 1 for demarcating regulated areas where respiratory protection and
clothing are required.
Use sign shown in Fig 2 for demarcating regulated areas.
Use the label in Fig 3 for asbestos waste bags and drums.
Use the label in Fig. 4 for marking asbestos free materials.
33

The following signs may be used in addition to required OSHA signs to keep people away from
a regulated area or to restrict access to an area which is awaiting abatement.
WARNING!
Restricted Access
For Access Call:
_____________
NO ACCESS!
Respirators Required
in this area.
Asbestos Hazard!
Area Restricted
Protective equipment Required
DANGER!
Area Restricted
Authorized Entry Only!
*Signs or Notices*
Signal Words
E.G., Danger, Warning, Hazard, Do Not Enter
Statement of Hazard
Precautionary Statement
Effects of Exposure
34

ASBESTOS WORK PRACTICES
LOCATION CONDITION OF
MATERIAL
CORRECTIVE
ACTION
Pipe Wrapping
(Asbestos-type)
Pipe insulation covering is
severely damaged. Asbestos
material is exposed and
damaged. Extent of damage is
such that the insulation no
longer properly insulates the
pipe.
Insulation should be removed
and replaced with a non-ACM
Fire door Known to be asbestos-free. None required.
Fire door Good condition. Not damaged.
Exterior panels intact, Hinge
screws, locks, knobs intact &
tight. ACM established by
manufacturer’s information (UL
labels). Or bulk sampling by
special procedures
None required. Warning label in
place.
Fire door, Damaged ACM established procedures
listed above. Damage may be
any complete penetration of the
exterior panel, or warping which
may lead to an exposure of the
inner asbestos core. Any
substantial mechanical damage
which could lead to an asbestos
exposure when the door is
handled; all situations where
ACM has been knocked loose
and is soiling the floor or other
surfaces.
Prompt corrective action needed.
If core is exposed, replace fire
door, preferably with a non-
ACM material. cover damaged
area (or wrap entire door) with
plastic and seal with tape.
Remove door for replacement.
PROCEDURES &
PRECAUTIONS
For removal of asbestos
material, all applicable EPA
and OSHA regulations must be
followed.
Inspect as part of O&M
Program.
HEPA vac or wet clean ACM
from floor and other surfaces.
Place 6 mil plastic on floor
under damaged door. Mist
door with amended water to
control dust. Workers must
wear proper protective
equipment and use proper
work practices. Dispose of
sealed damaged door
according to asbestos disposal
guidelines.
35

Appendix F to 29 CFR 1926.1101. Work Practices and Engineering Controls for Class I
Asbestos Operations - Non mandatory
This is a non-mandatory appendix to the asbestos standards for construction and for shipyards. It
describes criteria and procedures for erecting and using negative pressure enclosures for Class I
Asbestos Work. When NPEs are used as an allowable control method to comply with paragraph
(g)(5)(1) of this section. Many small and variable details are involved in the erection of a
negative pressure enclosure. OSHA and most participants in the rulemaking agreed that only the
major, more performance oriented criteria should be made mandatory. These criteria are set out
in paragraph (g) of this section. In addition, this appendix includes these mandatory
specifications and procedures in its guidelines in order to make this appendix coherent and
helpful. The mandatory nature of the criteria which appear in the regulatory text is not changed
because they are included in this "non-mandatory" appendix. Similarly, the additional criteria
and procedures included as guidelines in the appendix, do not become mandatory because
mandatory criteria are also included in these comprehensive guidelines.
In addition, none of the criteria, both mandatory and recommended, are meant to specify or
imply the need for use of presented or licensed methods or equipment. Recommended
specifications included in this attachment should not discourage the use of creative alternatives
which can be shown to reliably achieve the objectives of negative-pressure enclosures.
Requirements included in this appendix, cover general provisions to be followed in all asbestos
jobs, provisions which must be followed for all Class I asbestos jobs, and provisions governing
the construction and testing of negative pressure enclosures. The first category includes the
requirement for use of wet methods, HEPA vacuums, and immediate bagging of waste; Class I
work must conform to the following provisions:
- oversight by competent person
- use of critical barriers over all openings to work area
- isolation of HVAC systems
- use of impermeable drop-cloths and coverage of all objects within regulated areas.
In addition, more specific requirements for NPEs include:
- maintenance of - 0.02 inches water gauge within enclosure
- air movement away from employees performing removal work
- smoke testing or equivalent for detection of leaks and air direction
- deactivation of electrical circuits
36

Planning the Project
The standard requires that an exposure assessment be conducted before the asbestos job is begun
according to [1926.1101(f)(1)]. Information needed for that assessment, includes data relating to
prior similar jobs as applied to the specific variables of the current job. The information needed
to conduct the assessment will be useful in planning the project, and in complying with any
reporting requirements under this standard, when significant changes are made to a control
system listed in the standard (see also those of EPA 40 CFR 61, subpart M). Thus, although this
standard does not explicitly require the preparation of a written asbestos removal plan, the usual
constituents of such a plan, i.e., a description of the enclosure, the equipment, and the procedures
to be used throughout the project, must be determined before the enclosure can be erected.
The following information should be included in the planning of the system with review by and
approval of the Accredited Project Designer:
- A physical description of the work area;
- A description of the approximate amount of material to be removed;
- A schedule for turning off and sealing existing ventilation systems;
- Personnel hygiene procedures;
- A description of personal protective equipment and clothing to be worn by employees;
- A description of local exhaust ventilation systems to be used and how they are to be
tested;
- A description of work practices to be observed by employees;
- The air monitoring plan;
- A description of the method to be used to transport waste material; and
- The location of the dump site.
Materials and Equipment Necessary for Asbestos Removal
Although individual asbestos removal projects vary in terms of the equipment required to
accomplish the removal of the materials, some equipment and materials are common to most
asbestos operations.
Plastic sheeting used to protect horizontal surfaces, seal HVAC openings or to seal vertical
openings and ceilings should have a minimum thickness of 6 mils. Tape or other adhesive used
to attach the plastic sheeting should be of sufficient adhesive strength to support the weight of
the material plus all stresses encountered during the entire duration of the project without
becoming detached from the surface.
Other equipment and materials which should be available at the beginning of each projects are:
- HEPA Filtered Vacuum is essential for cleaning the work area after the asbestos has been
removed. It should have a long hose capable of reaching out-of-the way places such as
areas above ceiling tiles, behind pipes, etc.
- Portable air ventilation systems installed to provide the negative air pressure and air
removal from the enclosure must be equipped with a HEPA filter. The number and
37

capacity of units required to ventilate an enclosure depend on the size of the area to be
ventilated. The filters for these systems should be designed in such a manner that they
can be replaced when the air flow volume is reduced by the build-up of dust in the
filtration material. Pressure monitoring devices with alarms and strip chart recorders
attached to each system to indicate the pressure differential and the loss due to dust buildup
on the filters are recommended.
- Water sprayers should be used to keep the asbestos material as saturated as possible
during removal; the sprayers will provide a fine mist that minimizes the impact of the
spray on the material.
- Water used to saturate the asbestos containing material can be amended by adding at least
15 mils. (1/4 ounce) of wetting agent to 1 liter (about 1 pint) of water. An example of a
wetting agent is a 50/50 mixture of polyoxyethylene ether and polyoxyethylene
polyglycol ester.
- Back-up power supplies are recommended especially for ventilation systems.
- Shower and bath water should be mixed with hot and cold water faucets. Water that has
been used to clean personnel or equipment should either be filtered or be collected and
discarded as asbestos waste. Soap and shampoo should be provided to aid in removing
dust from the worker's skin and hair.
- See paragraph (h) and (i) of 29 CFR 1926.1101 for appropriate respiratory protection and
protective clothing.
- See paragraph (k) of 29 CFR 1926.1101 for required signs and labels.
Preparing the Work Area
Disabling HVAC Systems: The power to the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems
that service the restricted area must be deactivated and locked off. All ducts, grills, access ports,
windows, and vents must be sealed off with two layers of plastic to prevent entrainment of
contaminated air.
Operating HVAC Systems in the Restricted Area: If components of an HVAC system located in
the restricted area are connected to a system that will service another zone during the project, the
portion of the duct in the restricted area must be sealed and pressurized. Necessary precautions
include caulking the duct joints, covering all cracks and openings with two layers of sheeting,
and pressurizing the duct throughout the duration of the project by restricting the return air flow.
The power to the fan supplying the positive pressure should be locked "on" to prevent pressure
loss.
Sealing Elevators: If an elevator shaft is located in the restricted area, it should be either shut
down or isolated by sealing off with two layers of plastic sheeting. The sheeting should provide
enough slack to accommodate the pressure changes in the shaft without breaking the air tight
seal.
Removing Mobile Objects: All moveable objects should be cleaned and removed from the work
area before an enclosure is constructed unless moving the objects creates a hazard. Mobile
objects will be assumed to be contaminated and should either be cleaned with amended water
38

and a HEPA vacuum and then removed from the area or wrapped and then disposed of as
hazardous waste.
Cleaning and Sealing Surfaces: After cleaning with water and a HEPA vacuum, surfaces of
stationary objects should be covered with two layers of plastic sheeting. The sheeting should be
secured with duct tape or an equivalent method to provide a tight seal around the object.
Bagging Waste: In addition to the requirement for immediate bagging of waste for disposal, it is
further recommended that the waste material be double bagged and sealed in plastic bags
designed for asbestos disposal. The bags should be stored in a waste storage area that can be
controlled by the workers conducting the removal. Filters removed from air handling units and
rubbish removed from the area are to be bagged and handled as hazardous waste.
Constructing the Enclosure
The enclosure shall be constructed to provide an air tight seal around ducts and openings into
existing ventilation systems and around penetrations for electrical conduits, telephone wires,
water lines, drain pipes, etc. Enclosures should be both airtight and watertight except for those
openings designed to provide for entry and/or air flow control.
Size: An enclosure shall be the minimum volume to encompass all of the working surfaces yet
allow unencumbered movement by the worker(s), provide unrestricted air flow past the
worker(s), and ensure walking surfaces can be kept free of tripping hazards.
Shape: The enclosure may be any shape that optimizes the flow of ventilation air past the
worker(s).
Structural Integrity: The walls, ceilings, and floor must be supported in such a manner that
portions of the enclosure will not fall down during normal use.
Openings: It is not necessary that the structure be airtight: openings may be designed to direct
airflow. Such openings shall be located at a distance from active removal operations. They
should be designed to draw air into the enclosure under all anticipated circumstances. In the
event that negative pressure is lost, they should be fitted with either HEPA filters to trap dust or
automatic trap doors that prevent dust from escaping the enclosure. Openings for exits should be
controlled by an airlock or a vestibule.
Barrier Supports: Frames shall be constructed to support all unsupported areas of sheeting.
Sheeting: Walls, barriers, ceilings, and floors shall be lined with two layers of plastic sheeting
having a thickness of at least 6 mil.
Seams: Seams in the sheeting material shall be minimized to reduce the possibilities of
accidental rips and tears in the adhesive or connections. All seams in the sheeting shall overlap,
be staggered, and not be located at corners or wall to floor joints.
39

Areas Within an Enclosure: Each enclosure consists of a work area, a decontamination area, and
waste storage area. The work area where the asbestos removal operations occur shall be
separated from both the waste storage area and the contamination control area by physical
curtains, doors, and/or airflow patterns that force any airborne contamination back into the work
area.
See paragraph (j) of 29 CFR 1926.1101 for requirements for hygiene facilities.
During egress from the work area, each worker shall step into the equipment room, clean tools
and equipment, and remove gross contamination from clothing by wet cleaning and HEPA
vacuuming. Before entering the shower area, foot coverings, head coverings, hand coverings,
and coveralls are removed and placed in impervious bags for disposal. Airline connections from
airline respirators with HEPA disconnects and power cables from powered air purifying
respirators (PAPRs) will be disconnected just prior to entering the shower room.
Establishing Negative Pressure Within the Enclosure
Negative Pressure: Air is to be drawn into the enclosure under all anticipated conditions and
exhausted through a HEPA filter for 24 hours a day during the entire duration of the project.
Air Flow Tests: Air flow patterns will be checked before removal operations begin, at least once
per operating shift, and any time there is a question regarding the integrity of the enclosure. The
primary test for air flow is to trace air currents with smoke tubes or other visual methods. Flow
checks are made at each opening and at each doorway to demonstrate that air is being drawn into
the enclosure and at each worker's position to show that air is being drawn away from the
breathing zone.
Monitoring Pressure Within the Enclosure: After the initial air flow patterns have been checked,
the static pressure must be monitored within the enclosure. Monitoring may be made using
manometers , pressure gauges, or a combination of these devices. It is recommended that they
be attached to alarms and strip chart recorders at points identified by the design engineer.
Corrective Actions: If the manometers or pressure gauges demonstrate a reduction in pressure
differential below the required level, work should cease and the reason for the change
investigated and appropriate changes made. The air flow patterns should be retested before work
begins again.
Pressure Differential: The design parameters for static pressure differentials between the inside
and outside of enclosures typically range from .02 to .10 inches of water gauge, depending on
conditions. All zones inside the enclosure must have less pressure than the ambient pressure
outside of the enclosure (-.02 inches of water gauge differential). Design specifications for the
differential vary according to the size, configuration, and shape of the enclosure as well as
ambient and mechanical air pressure conditions around the enclosure.
Air Flow Patterns: The flow of air past each worker shall be enhanced by positioning the intakes
and exhaust ports to remove contaminated air from the worker's breathing zone, by positioning
40

HEPA vacuum cleaners to draw air from the worker's breathing zone, by forcing relatively
uncontaminated air past the worker toward an exhaust port, or by using a combination of
methods to reduce the worker's exposure.
Air Handling Unit Exhaust: The exhaust plume from air handling units should be located away
from adjacent personnel and intakes for HVAC systems.
Air Flow Volume: The air flow volume (cubic meters per minute) exhausted (removed) from the
workplace must exceed the amount of makeup air supplied to the enclosure. The rate of air
exhausted from the enclosure should be designed to maintain a negative pressure in the enclosure
and air movement past each worker. The volume of air flow removed from the enclosure should
replace the volume of the container at every 5 to 15 minutes. Air flow volume will need to be
relatively high for large enclosures, enclosures with awkward shapes, enclosures with multiple
openings, and operations employing several workers in the enclosure.
Air Flow Velocity: At each opening, the air flow velocity must visibly "drag" air into the
enclosure. The velocity of air flow within the enclosure must be adequate to remove airborne
contamination from each worker's breathing zone without disturbing the asbestos containing
material on surfaces.
Airlocks: Airlocks are mechanisms on doors and curtains that control air flow patterns in
doorways. If airflow occurs the patterns through doorways must be such that the air flows
toward the inside of the enclosure. Sometimes vestibules, double doors, or double curtains are
used to prevent air movement through the doorways. To use a vestibule, a worker enters a
chamber by opening the door or curtain and then closing the entry before opening the exit door
or curtain. Airlocks should be located between the equipment room and shower room, between
the shower room and the clean room, and between the waste storage areas and the outside of the
enclosure. The air flow between adjacent rooms must be checked using smoke tubes or other
visual tests to ensure the flow patterns move air toward the work area without producing eddies.
Monitoring for Airborne ConcentrationsIn addition to the breathing zone samples taken as
outlined in paragraph (f) of 29 CFR 1926.1101, samples of air should be taken to demonstrate
the integrity of the enclosure, the cleanliness of the clean room and shower area, and the
effectiveness of the HEPA filter. If the clean room is shown to be contaminated, the room must
be relocated to an uncontaminated area.
Samples taken near the exhaust of portable ventilation systems must be done with care.
General Work Practices
Preventing dust dispersion is the primary means of controlling the spread of asbestos within the
enclosure. Whenever practical, the point of removal should be isolated, enclosed, covered, or
shielded from the workers in the area. Waste asbestos containing materials must be bagged
during or immediately after removal; the material must remain saturated until the waste container
is sealed. (NOTE: All asbestos work performed by Level II employees must be done wet. If
certain circumstances are present that requires dry removal, e.g, necessity to work around
41

energized electrical equipment, this work needs to be performed by a licensed asbestos
abatement contractor. Special work practices and special permission from EPA are required if
asbestos containing materials must be removed dry.)
Waste material with sharp points or corners such as floor tiles, must be placed in hard air
tight/water impermeable containers rather than bags. Whenever visible dust appears on surfaces,
the surfaces within the enclosure must be cleaned by wiping with a wet sponge, brush, or cloth
and then vacuumed with a HEPA vacuum.
All surfaces within the enclosure should be cleaned before the negative air pressure device is
deactivated and the enclosure is disassembled. If there is any visible residue present after
cleaned surfaces have dried, the site is NOT clean, and re-cleaning operations are necessary. An
approved encapsulant may be sprayed onto areas after visible dust has been removed.
Whenever possible, large components should be sealed in plastic sheeting and removed intact.
Bags or containers of waste will be moved to the waste holding area, washed, and wrapped in a
bag with the appropriate
labels.
Cleaning the Work Area
Surfaces within the work area should be kept free of visible dust and debris to the extent feasible.
42

TAPING PROCEDURE FOR PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
1. Tape zipper & crotch area.
2. Tape cuffs snugly at sleeve.
3. Tape shoe covers securely to suit with pants legs tucked inside.
4. Respirator face piece must be in place before donning hood.
5. Seal hood securely with tape to suit.
48

REMOVAL PROCEDURE FOR PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
1. Tear hood under chin.
2. Roll hood down (inside out).
3. Loosen tape from sleeve.
4. Remove tape from zipper, unzip, and continue to roll suit firmly inside cut.
5. Pull sleeves inside-out.
49

REMOVAL PROCEDURE FOR PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
6. Tuck tightly rolled suit under respirator belt.
7. Continue to roll suit firmly inside-out. Respirator should remain in place until suit is
completely removed and disposed of with Asbestos Waste.
50

SECTION V-B
WORK PRACTICES REVIEW
AUTOMOTIVE BRAKE & CLUTCH WORK
CONTROL METHODS: 3 Principles To Be Emphasized
(1) Prepare Work Area,
(2) Minimize Fiber Release, &
(3) Proper Cleaning & Disposal
AREA PREPARATION
Access Limited;
Signs Posted;
Appropriate Barriers Erected or Asbestos Component Enclosed;
Equipment Available to Prevent Fiber Release During Job, (e.g., HEPA Vacuum and
Enclosure Device OR Approved Wet Spray Device;)
6 Mil Plastic and Duct-Tape Available to Cover Floor;
Appropriate Respirator and Disposable Clothing Available;
Cleanup Supplies;
6 Mil Labeled Disposal Bags for Friable Asbestos Waste;
Appropriate Containers for Non-Friable Asbestos Waste;
MINIMIZE FIBER RELEASE
Smoke Tubes or Other Procedures to Verify Effectiveness of Containment System
Use of Appropriate Control Device
Prohibition of Grinding
Prohibition of Use of Unconfined Compressed Air Stream
Prohibition of Other Procedures That Are Likely to Generate Airborne Asbestos Fiber Release
CLEANUP AND WASTE DISPOSAL
Means to Decontaminate Brake Shoes, Clutch Plates, and Other Equipment Available;
Means to Decontaminate Friable Asbestos Waste Containers Before Removal from Regulated
Area;
Means to Decontaminate employee before exiting the work area
Procedures to Account for and Track Asbestos Waste Both Friable and Non-Friable;
Procedure to Verify Completion of Cleanup
51

METHODS FOR BRAKE & CLUTCH REPAIR
(i)
(ii)
Engineering controls and work practices for brake and clutch repair service. During
automotive brake and clutch inspection, disassembly, repair, and assembly operations, the
employer shall institute engineering controls and work practices to reduce employee
exposure to materials containing asbestos using a negative pressure enclosure/HEPA
vacuum system method or low pressure/wet cleaning method, which meets the detailed
requirements of Appendix F to this section. The employer may also comply using an
equivalent method which follows written procedures which the employer demonstrates
can achieve results equivalent to Method A in Appendix F to this section. For facilities
in which no more than 5 pair of brakes or 5 clutches are inspected, disassembled,
repaired, or assembled per week, the method set forth in paragraph (D) of Appendix F of
this section may be used.
The employer may also comply by using an equivalent method which follows written
procedures, which the employer demonstrates can achieve equivalent exposure reductions
as do the two "preferred methods". Such demonstration must include monitoring data
conducted under workplace conditions closely resembling the process, type of asbestoscontaining
materials, control method, work practices, and environmental conditions
which the equivalent method will be used or objective data, which document that under
all reasonably foreseeable conditions of brake and clutch repair applications the method
results in exposures which are equivalent to the methods set out in Appendix F to 29 CFR
1910.1001.
52

This mandatory appendix specifies engineering controls and work practices that must be
implemented by the employer during automotive brake and clutch inspection, disassembly,
repair, and assembly operations. Proper use of these engineering controls and work practices
will reduce employee's asbestos exposure below the permissible exposure level during clutch and
brake inspection, disassembly, repair, and assembly operations. The employer shall institute
engineering controls and work practices using either the method set forth in paragraph (A) or
paragraph (B) of this appendix, or any other method which the employer can demonstrate to be
equivalent in terms of reducing employee exposure to asbestos as defined and which meets the
requirements described in paragraph (C) of this appendix, for those facilities in which no more
than 5 pairs of brakes or 5 clutches are inspected, disassembled, reassembled, repaired, per week,
the method set forth in paragraph (D) of this appendix may be used.
(A)
Negative Pressure Enclosure/HEPA Vacuum System Method
(1) The brake and clutch inspection, disassembly, repair, and assembly operations
shall be enclosed to cover and contain the clutch or brake assembly and to prevent
the release of asbestos fibers into the worker's breathing zone.
(2) The enclosure shall be sealed tightly and thoroughly inspected for leaks before
work begins on brake and clutch inspection, disassembly, repair, and assembly.
(3) The enclosure shall be such that the worker can clearly see the operation and shall
provide impermeable sleeves through which the worker can handle the brake and
clutch inspection, disassembly, repair, and assembly. The integrity of the sleeves
and ports shall be examined before work begins.
(4) A HEPA filtered vacuum shall be employed to maintain the enclosure under
negative pressure throughout the operation. Compressed-air may be used to
remove asbestos fibers or particles from the enclosure.
(5) The HEPA vacuum shall be used first to loosen the asbestos containing residue
from the brake and clutch parts and then to evacuate the loosened asbestos
containing material from the enclosure and capture the material in the vacuum
filter.
(6) The vacuum's filter, when full, shall be first wetted with a fine mist of water, then
removed and placed immediately in an impermeable container, labeled according
to paragraph (j) (2) (11) of 29 CFR 1910.1001 and disposed of according to
paragraph (k) of 29 CFR 1910.1001.
(7) Any spills or releases of asbestos containing waste material from inside of the
enclosure or vacuum hose or vacuum filter shall be immediately cleaned up and
disposed of according to Paragraph (k) of this section.
53

(B)
Low Pressure/Wet Cleaning Method
(1) A catch basin shall be placed under the brake assembly, positioned to avoid
splashes and spills.
(2) The reservoir shall contain water containing an organic solvent or wetting agent.
The flow of liquid shall be controlled such that the brake assembly is gently
flooded to prevent the asbestos containing brake dust from becoming airborne.
(3) The aqueous solution shall be allowed to flow between the brake drum and brake
support before the drum is removed.
(4) After removing the brake drum, the wheel hub and back of the brake assembly
shall be thoroughly wetted to suppress dust.
(5) The brake support plate, brake shoes, and brake components used to attach the
brake shoes shall be thoroughly washed before removing the old shoes.
(6) In systems using filters, the filters when full, shall be first wetted with a fine mist
of water, then removed and placed immediately in an impermeable container,
labeled in accordance with paragraph (j)(2)(ii) of 29 CFR 1910.1001 and disposed
of according to paragraph (k) of 29 CFR 1910.1001.
(7) Any spills of asbestos containing aqueous solution or any asbestos containing
waste material shall be cleaned up immediately and disposed of according to
paragraph (k) of this section.
(8) The use of dry brushing during low pressure/wet cleaning operations is
prohibited.
(C)
Equivalent Methods
An equivalent method is one which has sufficient written detail so that it can be reproduced and
has demonstrated that the exposures resulting from the equivalent method are equal to or less
than the exposures which would result from the use of the method described in paragraph (A) of
this appendix. For purposes of making this comparison, the employer shall assume that
exposures resulting from the use of the method described in paragraph (A) of this appendix shall
not exceed 0.004 f/cc as measured by the OSHA reference method and as averaged over at least
18 personal samples.
54

(D)
Wet Method
(1) A spray bottle, hose nozzle, or other implement capable of delivering a fine mist
of water or amended water or other delivery system capable of delivering water at
low pressure, shall be used to first thoroughly wet the brake and clutch parts.
Brake and clutch components shall then be wiped clean with a cloth.
(2) The cloth shall be laced in an impermeable container, labeled according to
paragraph (j)(2)(ii) of 29 CFR 1910.1001 and then disposed of according to
paragraph (k) of 29 CFR 1910.1001, or the cloth shall be laundered in a way to
prevent the release of asbestos fibers in excess of 0.1 f/cc of air.
(3) Any spills of solvent or any asbestos containing waste material shall be cleaned
up immediately according to paragraph (k) of the standard.
(4) The use of dry brushing during the wet method of operations is prohibited.
55

SECTION V-C
STATE EMPLOYEES ASBESTOS PROGRAM
Level II Special Operations
(Asbestos-related Duties, Exposure, and Protection)
Level II Special Operations employees are those workers whose job activities include but are not
limited to the following:
performance of asbestos exposure monitoring,
building surveys for asbestos, and
inspection of asbestos abatement contractor work sites.
Level II identification is done by position identification number ("pin number" assigned by the
personnel office) and individual job content analysis. In most cases performance of these
activities will require accreditation as an Asbestos Building Inspector and/or an Asbestos
Abatement Supervisor or Asbestos Project Designer.
Except for taking limited bulk samples of asbestos, these employees do not cut, break, or disturb
asbestos or asbestos containing materials. However, their work may take them into areas where
this work is being performed; into areas that are restricted to all but level II employees or other
areas where asbestos exposure is likely.
The medical monitoring, training, and personal protective measures specified in the OSHA
standard are required by the State Employees Asbestos Program regardless of actual airborne
exposure levels.
Personal protective equipment must be provided and used when performing asbestos-related
activities. Disposable protective clothing of Tyvek or Kleen Guard materials or equivalent, and a
clean change area must available at each site. Each facility must have its own respiratory
protection program. Individuals may only wear 1/2 or full face negative pressure respirators
under the following circumstances: (1) When performing building surveys in unrestricted areas,
or (2) when collecting no more than three bulk samples in an unrestricted area. In all other
circumstances the minimum respiratory protection is a Powered Air Purifying Respirator.
67

SECTION VI
OSHA RESPIRATORY PROTECTION PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS
Current OSHA Respiratory Standard
The OSHA General Industry Safety & Health Regulations, Part 1910.134 (a)(1)(2), state: "In
the control of those occupational diseases caused by breathing air contaminated with
harmful dusts, fogs, fumes, mists, gases, smokes, sprays, or vapors, the primary objective
shall be to prevent atmospheric contamination. This shall be accomplished as far as
feasible by accepted engineering control measures (for example, enclosure, or confinement
of the operation, general and local ventilation, and substitution of less toxic materials.)
When effective engineering controls are not feasible or while they are being instituted,
appropriate respirators shall be used pursuant to the following requirements.
Respirators shall be provided by the employer when such equipment is necessary to protect
the health of the employee. The employer shall provide the respirators which are
applicable and suitable for the purposes intended. The employer shall be responsible for
the establishment and maintenance of a respiratory protective program which shall include
the requirements outlined in paragraph C of this section."
Paragraph c of 29 CFR 1910.134 States the following:
This paragraph requires the employer to develop and implement a written respiratory
protection program with required worksite-specific procedures and elements for required
respirator use. The program must be administered by a suitably trained program
administrator.
Section 1 of this paragraph, further states that:
The program shall be updated as necessary to reflect those changes in workplace
conditions that affect respirator use. The employer shall include in the program the
following provisions of this section, as applicable:
i. Procedures for selecting respirators for use in the workplace;
ii.
iii.
iv.
Medical evaluations of employees required to use respirators;
Fit testing procedures for tight fitting respirators;
Procedures for proper use of respirators in routine and reasonably foreseeable
emergency situations;
v. Procedures and schedules for cleaning, disinfecting, storing, inspecting, repairing,
discarding, and otherwise maintaining respirators;
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vi.
vii
viii.
xi.
Procedures to ensure adequate air quality, quantity, and flow of breathing air for
atmosphere supplying respirators;
Training employees in the respiratory hazards to which they are potentially exposed
during routine and emergency situations;
Training of employees in the proper use of respirators, including putting on and
removing them, any limitations on their use, and their maintenance;
Procedures for regularly evaluating the effectiveness of the program.
69

Respiratory
Protection
Program
Department: _____________________________
Unit: ____________________________________
Review and Approval Authority
Prepared and Edited by:
Asbestos Safety & Health Specialist
Date:
Reviewed and Approved by:
Asbestos Program Manager
Date:
70

Table of Contents
Table of Contents ........................................................................................................i
Statement of MD Policy.............................................................................................1
Respirator Use Requirements ....................................................................................4
Selection of Respirators.............................................................................................8
Voluntary Use of Respirators and Disposable Dust Masks .....................................10
Training....................................................................................................................11
Fit-Testing ................................................................................................................12
Cleaning, Storage, Inspection and Maintenance......................................................13
Cartridge Change-Out Schedules ............................................................................16
Supplied Air Respirator Requirements ....................................................................18
Evaluation of Program Effectiveness ......................................................................19
Workplace Audits.....................................................................................................20
Site Specific Respirator Information .........................................................Appendix I
Personnel
Tasks Requiring Use of Respirators
Respirator Cartridge Change-Out Schedule
Cleaning, Storage and Maintenance Procedures
SCBA Inspection
Additional Documents ............................................................................. Appendix II
Exposure Monitoring Reports
Manufacturers’ Literature
Breathing Air Test Data
Emergency Respirator Inspection Logs
Voluntary Use of Respirator Fact Sheet..................................................Appendix III
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Policy Statement
I. Purpose.
The State of Maryland (MD) is dedicated to providing safe and healthful facilities for all employees,
building occupants, students, and visitors; by complying with federal and State occupational health and
safety standards. Administrators and staff share the responsibility to ensure protection against
inhalation hazards through the correct use of respiratory protective devices. This policy is designed to
identify and designate responsibilities for implementation of the State of Maryland’s Respiratory
Protection Program.
II. Policy.
The State of Maryland shall establish procedures for the selection, use and care of respiratory
protective devices. Respirators shall only be used to protect employees from inhalation hazards in the
following circumstances: (1) when other options for hazard control (i.e., use of engineering controls or
substitution of less toxic materials) are infeasible, (2) while engineering controls are being installed or
repaired, or (3) during emergencies. When respirators are to be used, all requirements contained within
the State of Maryland Respiratory Protection Program shall be followed.
The MD Respiratory Protection Program shall be reviewed and evaluated for its effectiveness at least
annually and updated as necessary to incorporate new or modified regulations and guidelines that
affect proper use of respiratory protective devices. For purposes of compliance with regulations, this
policy and the MD Respiratory Protection Program, a respirator shall be defined as any device worn
to: (1) reduce or eliminate inhalation exposure to any hazardous biological, chemical or particulate
material or (2) supply breathing air to the wearer. This includes respirators used to protect employees
in an emergency.
III. Responsibilities.
A. Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE) shall:
2. Develop the MD Respiratory Protection Program template with annual review and
revisions as necessary;
3. Distribute the Program template to each affected worksite;
4. Conduct review of respiratory protection program at the worksite;
5. Provide guidance and training to the departmental and facility staff regarding the
need, selection, use, limitations, maintenance and storage of respirator equipment;
8. Provide technical assistance in developing and implementing controls to reduce or
eliminate the need for respiratory protection; and
9. Act as an information resource for problems and questions related to respiratory
protection.
B. The Medical Clinic shall:
1. Provide or direct all required or recommended medical examinations appropriate for
evaluation of respirator users;
2. Maintain medical records relating to consultations, examinations and medical
surveillance as required by law;
3. Provide certification that persons required to wear respirators are physically able to
do so without adverse medical consequences; and
D. Program Managers, Safety & Health Specialists, and Supervisors shall:
1. Identify respiratory hazards in the workplace.
2. Consult toxicology information and material safety data (e.g., Material Safety Data
Sheets, Standard Operating Procedures) to identify hazards to workers under their
control that require respiratory protection;
3. Identify employees who may require respiratory protection equipment;
4. Schedule initial medical examinations, follow-up medical examinations, fit-testing
and training for employees required to wear respirators;
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5. Provide site-specific information in the MD Respiratory Protection Program
detailing personnel, hazards and procedures;
6. Ensure respiratory protection equipment is properly used, cleaned, stored and
maintained;
7. Maintain an inventory of spare parts, filters and new respirators as necessary to
insure employee access to properly-functioning equipment;
8. Ensure that defective respiratory protective equipment is removed from service
immediately and not used until approved repairs are made;
9. Conduct annual worksite audits of respiratory protection activities under their
control;
10. Allow employees to leave the respirator use area as necessary to prevent eye or skin
irritation associated with respirator use;
11. Ensure appropriately trained and equipped employees remain in communication with
respirator users inside an atmosphere considered to be Immediately Dangerous to
Life and Health (IDLH);
12. Maintain records of respirator equipment inspections, exposure hazard evaluations,
training and fit-testing at the unit level;
13. Notify the Program Manager or Safety & Health Specialist of any problems with
respirator use, or any changes in work processes that would impact airborne
contaminant levels; and
14. Notify the Medical Clinic of any change in an employee’s medical condition, work
environment or workload that might impact the safe use of respiratory protective
equipment.
E. Respirator Wearers shall:
1. Comply with all required components of the MD Respiratory Protection Program
(medical surveillance, training and fit-testing) BEFORE using any respirator;
2. Use respiratory protection equipment as instructed and in accordance with all
provisions of the MD Respiratory Protection Program;
3. Properly store, clean, inspect and maintain all assigned respirator equipment;
4. Report any respirator deficiencies or malfunctions to the supervisor;
5. Use the correct type of respiratory protection for the hazard(s) involved;
6. Inform supervisors of new situations that may require a change in the use of
respiratory protection equipment, or if contaminant levels are suspected to increase;
7. Inform supervisors of any change in medical condition that might affect the safe use
of respiratory protective equipment; and
8. Immediately follow emergency procedures and leave the respirator use area if a
respirator fails to provide proper protection.
IV.
Information
Assistance will be provided by MDE to any Department requesting guidance on exposure monitoring,
fit-testing or training to satisfy implementation of this policy.
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Respirator Use Requirements
The use of required respiratory protection equipment at state worksites is strictly limited to employees who have
a documented need to utilize such equipment, pass and maintain an appropriate medical evaluation, attend
annual training, and complete annual fit-testing (if required). These basic requirements are described below and
elsewhere in this program.
Documentation of Respirator Needs
Respirators are only to be used in situations where engineering controls are infeasible or during installation of
such controls. Respirators shall be provided by the employer (supervisor) when such equipment is necessary to
protect the health of the employee.
The Safety & Health Specialist is required to identify the respiratory hazard(s) in the workplace and have these
hazards evaluated to determine appropriate respiratory protective equipment. The facility’s Program Manager
or Safety & Health Specialist is responsible for evaluating respiratory hazards and recommending appropriate
levels of respiratory protection.
In emergency situations such as:
1. Access to areas where the uncontrolled release of a hazardous airborne substance is suspected,
2. Rescue or access in confined spaces where oxygen or contaminant levels are unknown, or
3. Hazardous material releases causing injuries or illnesses,
the exposure shall be considered Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH). The Safety & Health
Specialist shall provide information as necessary to permit evaluation of hazards in the workplace that may
affect respirator use.
The Safety & Health Specialist must initiate the Respirator User Hazard Assessment Form for each employee
required to utilize respiratory protection. This form shall be used for documentation of hazard evaluations and
determination of appropriate level(s) of respiratory protective equipment. Copies of the completed form will
also be provided to the Supervisor and employee.
Medical Evaluation
Prior to respirator fit-testing, workers must be medically certified capable of wearing the specified respirator
without adverse health consequences. Certification of medical capability shall be provided by a physician or
other licensed health care professional (PLHCP). Medical evaluations may be discontinued when the employee
is no longer required to use a respirator.
Medical screening shall be conducted as follows:
1. All employees participating in the Respiratory Protection Medical Surveillance Program must
have a current and accurate Respirator User Hazard Assessment Form on file at the facility.
Employees will be asked to verify the information contained in this form prior to the examination.
After the initial Respirator User Hazard Assessment Form has been completed by the Safety &
Health Specialist, a clinic appointment will be scheduled. Supervisors are responsible for assuring
attendance.
2. If any of the inhalation hazard or work condition information contained in the form changes, the
Safety & Health Specialist shall ensure the form is updated. If substantial changes occur that may
require additional medical evaluation, the Safety & Health Specialist will contact the Medical
Clinic to schedule the affected employee(s) for additional evaluation.
3. The medical evaluation will be conducted using the questionnaire in Appendix C of the OSHA
Respiratory Protection Standard. The PLHCP will provide a copy of this questionnaire to all
employees requiring medical evaluations. Additional questionnaires may be required by a
specific standard such as the standard for asbestos.
4. The PLHCP will assist employees who are unable to read the questionnaire.
5. Medical evaluation parameters are determined by the PLHCP. Initial evaluations shall as a
minimum include pulmonary function tests (FVC and FEV1) and completion of a medical
history questionnaire. Subsequent medical evaluations and follow-up testing is determined by
the PLHCP, the Respiratory Protection Standard or other substance-specific regulations
detailing frequency of medical evaluations.
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6. All employees will be granted the opportunity to speak with a physician about their medical
evaluation, if they so request.
7. Employees and Safety and Health Specialists will be provided a written pass/fail certification
from the Medical Clinic stating parameters under which the individual is medically able to
wear a respirator.
8. After an employee has received clearance and begun to wear his or her respirator, additional
medical evaluations will be required under the following circumstances:
a. Employee reports signs and/or symptoms related to their ability to use a respirator, such
as shortness of breath, dizziness, chest pains or wheezing.
b. The employee or supervisor should contact the Medical Clinic immediately if this occurs,
The PLHCP determines if the employee needs to be reevaluated. The supervisor will be
contacted by the Medical Clinic to arrange scheduling,
c. Information from this program, including observations made during fit-testing and
program evaluation, indicate a need for reevaluation.
d. A change occurs in workplace conditions that may result in an increased physiological
burden on the employee. The Safety & Health Specialist is responsible for notification as
described in item #2, above.
9. The Medical Clinic shall assure confidentiality of all examinations and questionnaires and
shall maintain records of all medical testing, medical history questionnaires and certifications
of respirator use eligibility.
Training
Employees required to wear respiratory protection equipment shall be trained in the care, use, limitations and
selection of the equipment. Training will vary depending on the type of respirator issued and the nature of the
inhalation hazard. At a minimum, all employees shall receive training prior to first use of a respirator and
annually thereafter. Training shall be conducted or coordinated by the Safety & Health Specialist and will
include all required components as stipulated in OSHA regulation 29 CFR 1910.134.
Specialized training will be required for personnel assigned to use self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)
systems.
Safety & Health Specialist shall maintain records of training. Supervisors are responsible for insuring
employees are currently trained and shall insure that respirators are not issued to nor used by any employee who
has not received training within the previous 12 months.
Fit-Testing
The safe and effective use of respiratory protection equipment, especially negative pressure respirators, requires
that the respirator be properly fitted to the employee. Poorly-fitting respirators fail to provide the expected
degree of protection. Additionally, no single model or size of respirator is capable of fitting all people. Several
models may be needed to determine which provides an acceptable fit.
Prior to being issued a re-useable, tight-fitting respirator, the employee must successfully pass a fit-test for that
specific brand, model and size of respirator. Fit-testing is coordinated or conducted by the Safety & Health
Specialist.
An employee cannot be fit-tested nor wear a face-sealing respirator if there is any facial hair present between
the skin and face mask sealing surface. More than slight beard stubble at the sealing surface is considered
excessive facial hair. Any other condition that interferes with the sealing surface of the facepiece or interferes
with the valve function shall be identified during fit-testing and corrected.
Any employee who experiences difficulty breathing or exhibits severe psychological reaction during any phase
of fit-testing shall be referred to the Medical Clinic to re-evaluate whether the employee is capable of wearing a
respirator.
Fit-testing shall be repeated at least annually or more frequently if any change occurs which may alter respirator
fit. Such changes may include:
1. Weight change of 20 pounds or more,
2. Significant facial scarring in areas of the face seal,
3. Significant dental changes (e.g., multiple extractions or new dentures),
4. Reconstructive or cosmetic surgery in the head/face, or
5. Any condition suspected to affect the face-respirator seal.
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Safety & Health Specialists shall maintain records of current fit-tests to assure testing currency and procurement
of appropriate respiratory protection equipment. Supervisors are responsible for insuring employees have been
fit-tested within the past 12 months, and shall insure that respirators are not issued to nor used by any employee
who has not met this requirement.
Selection of Respirators
The basic purpose of any respirator is to protect the user from specific inhalation hazards. Respirators provide
protection by removing contaminants from the air before inhalation or by supplying an independent source of
respirable air.
Various groups such as the National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH), the Occupational
Safety & Health Administration (OSHA), and American National Standards Institute (ANSI) have proposed
protection factors for the various types of respirators available.
OSHA is developing a new regulation to address the issue.
In the interim OSHA will recognize assigned protection factors (APFs) declared in its substance specific
standards if applicable (i.e. asbestos, lead), or APFs granted by a specific OSHA interpretation or NIOSH
APFs.
Respirator Class and Type
OSHA
NIOSH
Asbestos Standard
Air Purifying
Filtering Facepiece N/A 10
*Half Mask 10 10
*Full Facepiece 50 50
Powered Air Purifying
Half Mask 100 50
* ** Full Facepiece 100 50
Loose Fitting Facepiece N/A 25
Hood or Helmet N/A 25
Supplied Air
Half Mask Demand N/A 10
Half Mask Continuous 100 50
Half Mask Pressure Demand N/A 1000
Full Facepiece Demand N/A 50
Full Facepiece Continuous 100 50
**Full Facepiece Pressure Demand 1000 2000
LooseFfitting Facepiece N/A 25
Hood or Helmet N/A 25
Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
Demand N/A 50
Pressure Demand >1000 10,000
* MD Automotive Workers or Building Inspectors (for asbestos)
** MD Building Maintenance Workers (for asbestos)
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All respirators used by MD personnel shall be approved by NIOSH for the inhalation hazard presented to the
employee. Selection of respiratory protection equipment shall be based upon:
1. The nature of the respiratory hazard,
2. The extent or concentration of the hazard,
3. Work requirements and conditions,
4. Characteristics and limitations of available respirators, and
5. Minimal equipment requirements established by regulation or policy.
Air-purifying respirators shall not be used if:
1. Atmospheres are oxygen-deficient (i.e., < 19.5% oxygen),
2. Contaminant concentrations are considered Immediately Dangerous to Life
or Health (IDLH),
3. Contaminant concentrations are unknown, or
4. For emergencies where the concentration and/or type of contaminant is unknown.
Selection criteria will be documented with the Respirator User Hazard Assessment Form. It is often necessary
to perform exposure monitoring to evaluate the need for and type of respiratory protection appropriate for the
task(s). The Program Manager or the Safety & Health Specialist is responsible for final determination of
employees’ respiratory protection needs.
Supervisors are required to have respirator selection criteria reassessed whenever circumstances change that
may compel use of different levels of respiratory protection (e.g., introduction of new inhalation hazards, work
practice modifications resulting in increased chemical exposures, etc.), or if the work environment places
increased physical demands upon the employee. Documentation of these changes will be made by the Safety
& Health Specialist on the Respirator User Hazard Assessment Update Form.
The following factors shall be taken into account by the Safety & Health Specialist when selecting the proper
respirator:
1. Characteristics of the Hazardous Operation or Process,
2. Nature of contaminant,
3. Concentration of contaminant,
4. Respirator Design,
5. Location of Hazardous Area,
6. Physical Conditions in Work Environment,
7. Vision and/or Communication restrictions.
78

Voluntary Use of Respirators and
Disposable Dust Masks
The MD Respiratory Protection Program also covers employees who voluntarily use respiratory protective
equipment. Voluntary Use means that the employee wishes to use a respirator on the job even though it is not
required by the employer or regulation.
Filtering facepiece respirators (e.g., disposable dust masks) are often used to provide relief from nuisance levels
of dusts and mists. They cannot be used for protection against fumes, vapors, gases, asbestos, sandblasting or
paint sprays. If employees elect to voluntarily use disposable respirators, and if there are no identified
inhalation hazards, disposable masks may be provided without medical certification or fit-testing. Employees
using these disposable masks must be provided the information contained in Appendix III. Supervisors of
employees issuing disposable masks are responsible for providing a copy of this appendix to affected
employees. Supervisors are required to document provision of this fact sheet.
If the supervisor permits voluntary use of any other type of respiratory protective device, the following apply:
1. The supervisor must review the written MD Respiratory Protection Program,
2. The employee must receive medical clearance to use nondisposable respirators,
3. The employee must receive training to understand that failure to properly clean, store and
maintain the respirator may present a health hazard to the user. This training is required
initially and may be satisfied by the supervisor providing the employee a copy of the
Voluntary Use of Respirator Fact Sheet contained in this Program as Appendix III, and
4. Respirator fit-tests are required for nondisposable respirators.
If employees are required to wear any respirator, including filtering facepiece models, they must comply with
all portions of the Respiratory Protection Program including medical evaluations and annual training. Workers
required to wear disposable respirators as protection against bloodborne pathogens or etiologic agents
(protection against inhalation or mucous membrane contact) must be medically certified and trained. Workers
required to wear disposable respirators with listed protection factors (e.g., 95% efficiency masks) must also be
fit-tested at least annually.
79

Training
All employees who will use a respirator will be required to complete a training program before initial use, and
before their annual renewal date. Training program objectives will include specific procedures applicable to
their work areas and assignments as contained in the written MD Respiratory Protection Program.
Each respirator wearer shall be given initial training covering the following topics:
1. Contents of the OSHA Respiratory Protection Standard,
2. Respiratory Hazards and Health Effects,
3. How Respirators Work,
4. Engineering Controls vs. Respirator Use,
5. Medical Evaluation,
6. Respirator Selection Rationale,
7. Proper Use and Limitations of Respirators,
8. Fit Testing,
9. Respirator Donning/Doffing,
10. Fit Checks, and
11. Maintenance, Cleaning and Storage.
Training for use of self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) is specialized training that is required in addition
to the training described in this document.
Review training will be required before the annual refresher due date if:
1. There are changes in the work area that impact respirator use (rendering previous training
obsolete),
2. The employee no longer has the skill and understanding to follow and use the respirator per
previous training and terms of the MD Respiratory Protection Program, or
3. Any other situations arise that cause the supervisor or program administrator to recommend the
employee be retrained.
80

Fit-testing
A fit test shall be used to determine the ability of each individual respirator wearer to obtain a satisfactory fit
with any NIOSH-certified air-purifying or supplied-air respirator. Quantitative fit tests will be performed, if
possible. Fit-testing methods shall conform with the minimum requirements as detailed in the OSHA
Respiratory Protection Standard (29 CFR 1910.134). Personnel must successfully pass the fit test before being
issued a respirator, and at least annually thereafter.
Qualitative Fit Tests:
The worker is exposed to an atmosphere containing a test aerosol and then asked to perform several exercises to
challenge the respirator fit. The wearer reports any noticeable irritation caused by mask leaks.
Quantitative Fit Test:
A particle counting instrument is used to accurately measure respirator fit by comparing the dust concentration
in the surrounding air with the dust concentration inside the respirator. The ratio of these concentrations is
called the fit factor. A modified filter cartridge (or a modified respirator facepiece) equipped with a sampling
port is used to collect air from inside the respirator. With the sampler attached, the wearer is asked to perform
several exercises to challenge the respirator fit. During these movements, any leakage is measured by the
particle counting device. The fit test data is stored by a computer and a final fit test report is generated. For
half-face or filtering facepiece respirators, an acceptable fit test is a measured fit factor of at least 100. Full-face
respirators must demonstrate an acceptable fit factor of at least 500.
Safety & Health Specialists are responsible for insuring employees are fit-tested at least once per year. If any
conditions or circumstances are observed by the supervisor that are suspected to impact the fit of an employee’s
respirator, the supervisor shall insure respirators are not worn unless fit testing is repeated by the Safety &
Health Specialist.
Copies of fit-test reports will be forwarded to supervisors. Supervisors are to ensure that employees are
provided the specific brand, model and size of respirator indicated in the fit-test report. Respirators shall not be
used unless successful fit-testing has been demonstrated.
81

Respirator Cleaning, Storage, Inspection
and Maintenance
The following information is intended as a guide for appropriate cleaning, storage, inspection and maintenance
practices. Each worksite must prepare written site-specific procedures as part of this MD Respiratory
Protection Program.
Cleaning and Disinfecting:
Respirators should be regularly cleaned and disinfected. Respirators issued for the exclusive use of one worker
may be cleaned as often as necessary. Cleaning frequencies, facilities and materials used for
cleaning/disinfecting must be determined by the Safety & Health Specialist and specified in Appendix I of this
program.
Shared respirators or emergency use respirators must be cleaned and disinfected after each use. The person(s)
responsible for cleaning and disinfecting of shared or emergency use respirators must be identified in Appendix
I.
Manufacturer recommendations should be followed when cleaning respirators.
Storage:
When not in use, the respirator and cartridges should be kept in a sealed container and stored in a clean, dry,
moderate temperature and non-contaminated environment. It is especially important to keep gas and vapor
cartridges in a sealed container so they do not passively adsorb gases and vapors from the storage area and
thereby reduce the filter service life. Particulate filters should also be protected from dusts and dirt. Emergency
use respirators should be stored in a sturdy compartment that is quickly accessible in the work area and clearly
marked. The supervisor must specify appropriate storage procedures in Appendix I of this program.
Inspection Procedures and Schedules:
Each respirator shall be inspected routinely before and after use. A respirator shall be inspected by the user
immediately prior to each use to ensure that it is in proper working condition. After cleaning, each respirator
shall be inspected to determine if it is properly functioning or if it needs repairs or replacement of parts.
Respirators stored for emergency or rescue use shall be inspected at least monthly and before and after each use.
Monthly inspections must be documented and include the date of inspection, name or signature of inspector,
inspection findings, required remedial action and a serial number identifying the respirator. SCBA cylinders
for emergency use shall be maintained in a fully charged state and recharged when pressure falls to 90% of the
manufacturer’s recommended pressure level, unless the SCBA is demonstrated as a training exercise.
Inspections must include determinations that the regulator and warning devices function properly.
The supervisor must detail inspection responsibilities, criteria and documentation in Appendix I of this program.
Manufacturers’ recommendations shall be followed for equipment inspection, but should include at a minimum:
Inspection Checklist For Filtering Facepiece Respirators:
Holes in filter
Elasticity of straps
Deterioration of straps and metal nose clip
Inspection Checklist For Air-Purifying Respirators:
Facepiece:
Dirt
Cracks, tears, or holes
Distortion of facepiece
Cracked, scratched, or loose fitting lenses
Headstraps:
Breaks or tears
Loss of elasticity
Broken buckles or attachments
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Inhalation and Exhalation Valves:
Dust particles, dirt, or detergent residue on valve and valve seat,
Cracks, tears, or distortion in valve material
Missing or defective valve covers or valves
Filter Elements:
Proper filter for the hazard
Approval designation
Missing or worn gaskets
Worn threads on filter and facepiece
Cracks or dents in filter housing
Deterioration of canister harness
Service life indicator, or end of service date
Breathing tube:
Cracks or holes
Missing or loose hose clamps
Broken or missing end connectors
Inspection Checklist for Atmosphere-Supplying Respirators:
Facepiece:
Dirt
Cracks, tears, or holes
Distortion of facepiece
Cracked, scratched, or loose fitting lenses
Headstraps:
Breaks or tears
Loss of elasticity
Broken buckles or attachments
Hood, Helmet, Blouse, or Full Suit:
Rips or torn seams
Headgear suspension with all pieces present and in good condition
Cracks or breaks in faceshield
Protective screens that are intact and fit correctly over faceshields, hoods,
or blouses
Air Supply Systems:
Breathing air quality
Breaks or kinks in air supply hoses and fittings
Tightness of connections
Settings of regulators and valves
Adequate pressure and/or airflow
Correct operations of air-purifying elements and alarm for carbon monoxide
or high temperatures
Maintenance of Respirators
Respirators are to be properly maintained at all times to ensure that they function properly and adequately
protect the employee. Maintenance involves a thorough visual inspection for cleanliness and defects. Worn or
deteriorated parts will be replaced prior to use. No components are to be replaced or repairs made beyond those
recommended by the manufacturer. Repairs or adjustments to regulators, reducing and admission valves, or
alarms of atmosphere-supplying respirators will be conducted only by the manufacturer or other person
specifically trained by the manufacturer to perform these activities.
Replacement Parts :
Consult the manufacturer or distributor for replacement parts, accessories, and filters.
83

Specific information regarding respirator maintenance (authorized maintenance, replacement part locations,
etc). must be detailed by the supervisor in Appendix I.
Cylinders must be tested and maintained as prescribed in Department of Transportation regulations 49CFR173
and 49CFR178. These regulations detail requirements for scheduled hydrostatic testing, maintenance, etc.
Supervisors with compressed air respirator equipment must be thoroughly familiar with the requirements
pertaining to their equipment, and shall ensure appropriate maintenance and service.
84

Respirator Cartridge Change-Out Schedule
Air-purifying respirators function by removing contaminants from air before inhalation. Contaminants are
removed by filtration (e.g., for asbestos, glass fiber), adsorption (e.g., for benzene, carbon tetrachloride), or by
chemical reaction (e.g., for ammonia). Filters or cartridges designed for contaminant removal have limited
effective service lives. The supervisor of each worksite utilizing air-purifying respirators must develop a
change schedule and provide details in Appendix I of this MD Respiratory Protection Program which specify
when cartridges are to be replaced and what information was relied upon to make this judgment. The service
life of a cartridge depends upon many factors, including environmental conditions, breathing rate, cartridge
filtering capacity, and the amount of contaminants in the air. A safety factor should be applied to the service life
estimate to assure that the change schedule is a conservative estimate.
Determination of service life can be accomplished through one of several methods:
1. Experimental Tests:
Utilizing knowledge of the inhalation hazards (material identification and exposure
concentrations) and work conditions (breathing or airflow rate) presented to the employee,
physically test the cartridge’s ability to resist chemical penetration. The actual breakthrough
time with a safety factor adjustment would be used to indicate the change-out schedule.
2. Manufacturer’s Recommendation:
Contact the respirator/cartridge manufacturer and provide details of the inhalation hazards
(material identification and exposure concentrations) and work conditions (humidity and work
rate). The manufacturer calculates or provides testing data indicating the expected
breakthrough time. A safety factor adjustment would be made to this time to indicate the
change-out schedule.
3. Mathematical Model Table:
Utilizing knowledge of the inhalation hazard (material identification and exposure
concentrations) and work conditions (humidity and breathing rate), determine estimated
breakthrough time, correct for humidity and apply a safety factor to indicate appropriate
change-out schedule.
4. Mathematical Model Equation:
A mathematical equation can determine breakthrough time if the following are known:
- number of cartridges used in respirator
- weight of sorbent in each cartridge
- carbon micropore volume (cubic centimeters per gram)
- density of packed bed (grams per cubic centimeter)
- maximum temperature expected in workplace
- maximum humidity expected in workplace
- maximum concentration of contaminant (parts per million)
- work rate or volumetric flow rate in liters per minute
A safety factor adjustment would be made to this time to indicate the change-out schedule.
5. End-of-Service-Life-Indicator (ESLI):
Some respirator systems are equipped with an ESLI. Cartridges must be changed immediately when
indicated.
6. Breathing Resistance:
Employees wearing air-purifying respirators for protection against particulates (e.g., asbestos, wood
dust, lead) must change filters if any breathing difficulties (i.e., resistance) are experienced while
wearing their masks. Employees wearing powered air-purifying respirators for protection against
particulates must change filters when airflow rates drop below 4 cubic feet per minute (6 CFM for
loose-fitting models).
85

Supplied Air Respirator Requirements
Supply-air respirators pose additional hazards due to the need to assure provision of adequate air. The use,
inspection and maintenance of supply air respirators requires implementation of additional procedures.
Air Quality
Air line respirators and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) must deliver acceptable air quality to the
user.
SCBA and other cylinder-supplied respirators:
Only Grade D breathing air or better shall be permitted for use in cylinders. The Safety & Health
Specialist is required to document the acceptability of breathing air by obtaining a report of the air
quality from the supplier and inserting it in Appendix II of this program. It is recommended that such
documentation be obtained at least yearly from the supplier. If a new supplier is used, documentation
must be obtained prior to use of the breathing air. Pure oxygen may not be used.
The Safety & Health Specialist is responsible for ensuring inspections are conducted and records are
available for inspection. The supervisor shall include details of the inspection program (procedures,
responsibilities, document locations) in Appendix I of this program.
Air compressors:
Air compressors used to supply breathing air to respirators must be specifically approved for such use.
They must be constructed and used so that:
1. contaminated air is not allowed into the air-supply system,
2. moisture content is minimized so that the dew point at one atmosphere pressure is 10 o F below
the ambient temperature,
3. suitable in-line air-purifying sorbent beds and filters are installed to ensure breathing air
quality,
4. sorbent beds and filters are maintained and replaced per the manufacturer’s instructions. A
tag indicating the most recent change date and the Safety & Health Specialist’s signature shall
be maintained at the compressor,
5. carbon monoxide concentrations must not exceed 10 parts per million;
6. oil-lubricated compressors have a high-temperature alarm, and
7. breathing air couplings are incompatible with outlets for non-respirable gases in the
workplace.
86

Evaluation of Respirator Program Effectiveness
Periodic review of the effectiveness of the respirator program is essential. The Program Manager or Safety &
Health Specialist will conduct periodic surveys to determine the effectiveness of the respirator program. This
will include worksite inspections, interviews with respirator wearers, air-monitoring, and review of records.
Acceptance of respirators by users is especially important. Users will be consulted periodically about their
acceptance of wearing respirators. This includes comfort, resistance to breathing, fatigue, interference with
vision, interference with communications, restriction of movement, interference with job performance, and
confidence in the effectiveness of the respirator to provide adequate protection.
The above information can serve as an indication of the degree of protection provided by respirators and the
effectiveness of the respirator program. Action shall be taken to correct any deficiencies noted with the
program. The findings of the respirator program evaluation will be reported to the Program Manager and the
report shall list plans to correct faults in the program and target dates for the implementation of the plans.
87

Worksite Audits
Safety & Health Specialists are required to annually evaluate the use of respiratory protection. The purpose of
the audit is to identify deficiencies and issues that require correction or action. At a minimum, the following
should be evaluated:
1. Are new materials being used that require hazard assessment?
2. Are all workers using respirators currently trained, fit-tested and medically monitored?
3. Are respirators being properly used, stored, maintained and cleaned?
4. Is the written MD Respiratory Protection Program current and complete?
5. Have all workers who are voluntarily using respirators (including disposable models) received
a copy of the Voluntary Use of Respirator Fact Sheet?
6. Are cartridges/filters changed according to the site-specific change-out schedule contained in
the MD Respiratory Protection Program?
7. Are workers routinely inspecting respirators?
8. Are inspections conducted and documented for emergency use respirators?
Any problems or deficiencies identified during the audit must be expeditiously corrected. The Department of
Environment will assist Safety & Health Specialist with appropriate guidance when requested.
88

Appendix I
Site-Specific Respiratory Protection Information
This MD Respiratory Protection Program must be customized to provide information specific to this worksite.
Much of the information requires specific knowledge of the MD Respiratory Protection Program requirements
and worker exposure assessments. The Safety & Health Specialist can assist supervisors in the collection of
data necessary to complete this document. Individual components of this site-specific information are:
Workers using respiratory protection,
Tasks requiring use of respirators and hazard evaluation data,
Respirator cartridge change-out schedules, and
Cleaning, storage and maintenance of respirators
The Safety & Health Specialist is responsible for insuring that the information required in Appendix I is
completed and maintained. Modification of these sections may be required when any of the following
situations occur:
Addition or removal of workers assigned tasks involving use of respirators,
Equipment additions/modifications,
Work practice alterations,
Introduction of new inhalation hazards, or
Any condition that may affect the proper use of respirator equipment
89

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90

Appendix I
Personnel Using Respirators
The supervisor is responsible for maintaining information for each employee using respiratory protection. This
information must be current and accurate. Additional pages may be used if necessary. Outdated pages may be
removed.
Name:
Job Title:
Types of respirator authorized (check applicable type):
filtering facepiece half-face APR full-face APR
full-face PAPR supply-line self-contained breathing apparatus
Date of last training:
Date of last fit-test:
Medical clearance expiration date:
Brand/model/size of respirators issued:
Type of filters/pre-filters issued (if so equipped):
Appendix I
91

Tasks Requiring Use of Respiratory Protection
Employees from this worksite are involved in activities that require the use of respiratory protection. These
activities have been evaluated to determine personal exposures to verify adequacy of specified level(s) of
respiratory protection. Workers may not utilize respirators with protection factors less than those listed below
for the specified task.
Task (indicate process and inhalation hazard)
Authorized Respirator (include type of
filter/pre-filter if so configured)
Appendix I
92

Tasks Requiring Use of Respiratory Protection
Task (indicate process and inhalation hazard)
Authorized Respirator (include type of
filter/pre-filter if so configured)
Appendix I
93

Cartridge Change-Out Schedule
The Safety & Health Specialist of each worksite where air-purifying respirators are used shall provide
information below indicating cartridge change-out schedules. These schedules must be specific to contaminant,
respirator, task and estimated worst-case environmental conditions.
Task/Respirator Equipment
Cartridge Change
Schedule
Method of Determination
Appendix I
94

Storage and Maintenance Procedures
This worksite-specific MD Respiratory Protection Program must be customized to indicate specific
procedures utilized to clean, store and maintain respirators. Guidance regarding this information is contained
elsewhere in this program. The Safety & Health Specialist is responsible for inserting specific procedures in the
appropriate sections below:
Cleaning Procedures
Specific information regarding respirator cleaning schedules, procedures, materials and locations must be
detailed below. Use additional pages as necessary.
Appendix I
95

Storage Procedures
Respirators must be stored in a clean, dry area, and according to the manufacturers’ recommendations. Specific
information regarding acceptable practices for storage of respiratory protective equipment, approved respirator
storage locations, and storage locations of spare parts must be detailed below. Use additional pages as
necessary.
Appendix I
96

Maintenance Procedures
Respirators are to be properly maintained at all times to ensure that they function properly and adequately
protect the employee. Maintenance involves a thorough visual inspection for cleanliness and defects. Worn or
deteriorated parts will be replaced prior to use. No components are to be replaced or repairs made beyond those
recommended by the manufacturer. All repairs to regulators or alarms of atmosphere-supplying
respirators will be conducted by the manufacturer or by employees trained by the manufacturer to
perform these repairs.
Specific information regarding respirator maintenance (authorized maintenance, replacement part locations, etc.
must be detailed below. Inspection procedures for emergency use respirators must also be specified. Use
additional pages as necessary.
97

Appendix II
The Safety & Health Specialist shall add any relevant records and documents pertaining to the worksite’s MD
Respiratory Protection Program. Such records and documents may include but are not limited to:
results of air monitoring
breathing air quality test data
respirator manufacturer’s literature
guidance document
emergency respirator inspection log
fit-test certifications
98

Appendix III
Voluntary Use of Respirator
Fact Sheet
Respirators are an effective method of protection against designated hazards when properly selected
and worn. Respirator use is encouraged, even when exposures are below the exposure limit, to provide
an additional level of comfort and protection for workers. However, if a respirator is used improperly
or not kept clean, the respirator itself can become a hazard to the worker. Sometimes, workers may
wear respirators to avoid exposures to hazards, even if the amount of hazardous substance does not
exceed the limits set by OSHA standards. If your employer provides respirators for your voluntary
use, of if you provide your own respirator, you need to take certain precautions to be sure that the
respirator itself does not present a hazard.
You should do the following:
1. Read and heed all instructions provided by the manufacturer on use, maintenance, cleaning
and care, and warnings regarding the respirators limitations.
2. Choose respirators certified for use to protect against the contaminant of concern. NIOSH, the
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services, certifies respirators. A label or statement of certification should appear on
the respirator or respirator packaging. It will tell you what the respirator is designed for and
how much it will protect you.
3. Do not wear your respirator into atmospheres containing contaminants for which your
respirator is not designed to protect against. For example, a respirator designed to filter dust
particles will not protect you against gases, vapors, or very small solid particles of fumes or
smoke.
4. Keep track of your respirator so that you do not mistakenly use someone else's respirator.
99

SECTION VII
A. Respirator Selection
ASBESTOS SAFETY & HEALTH TRAINING:
RESPIRATOR FIT TESTING
1. The employee shall be allowed to select the most acceptable respirator from a
sufficient number of respirator models and sizes so that the respirator is
acceptable to and correctly fits the employee.
2. The selection process shall be conducted in a room separate from the fit test
chamber to prevent any irritation from the smoke. Prior to the selection
process, the employee shall be shown how to put on a respirator, how it should
be positioned on the face, how to set strap tension, and how to determine a
comfortable respirator. A mirror shall be available to assist the employee in
evaluating the fit and positioning of the respirator. This instruction may not
constitute the employee's formal training on respirator use as it is only a
review.
3. The employee should understand that he/she is being asked to select the
respirator which provides the most acceptable fit. Each respirator represents a
different size and shape and, if it fits properly and it is used properly, it will
provide adequate protection.
4. The employee holds each face piece up to the face and eliminates those which
obviously do not give a comfortable fit.
B. Fitting Procedure
1. The more acceptable face pieces selected by the employee are noted; the most
comfortable mask is donned and worn for at least 5 minutes to assess comfort.
2. The masks are donned in the following manner:
A. Full Face piece Respirator
1. Pull straps out to tabs.
2. Put hands inside bottom two straps.
3. Place chin in first, pull straps over head.
4. Place one hand on Breathing Hose or Filter
Cartridges.
5. Tighten upper strap on opposite side (above ear).
100

6 Switch hands, opposite hand on breathing hose or filter
cartridge.
7. Pull remaining upper strap tight above ear.
8. Pull bottom straps simultaneously.
9. Pull top strap last.
B. 1/2 Face piece Respirator
1. Pull straps out to tabs.
2. Connect bottom straps around neck.
3. Pull mask onto face.
4. Adjust.
5. Fasten top straps around top back of head.
3. All donning and adjustments of the face piece shall be performed by the
employee without assistance from the test conductor or other person.
Assistance in assessing comfort can be given by discussing the points in #6
below. If the employee is not familiar with using a particular respirator, he or
she shall be directed to don the mask several times and to adjust the straps each
time to become adept at setting proper tension on the straps.
4. Assessment of comfort shall include reviewing the following points with the
employee and allowing him or her adequate time to determine the comfort of
the respirator:
- Positioning of the mask on the nose or face.
- Adequate room for eye protection (for 1/2 mask)
- Room to talk
5. The following criteria shall be used to help determine the adequacy of the
respirator fit:
- Chin properly placed
- Strap tension
- Fit across nose bridge (for 1/2 mask)
- Distance from nose to chin (for 1/2 mask)
- Tendency to slip
- Self observation in mirror
6. The employee shall conduct the conventional negative and positive pressure fit
checks. Before conducting the user seal checks, the employee shall be told to
"seat" the mask by rapidly moving the head from side to side and up and
down, while taking a few deep breaths.
101

a. Positive Pressure User Seal Check
1. Position and tighten mask on face.
2. Place hands over exhalation valve, sealing it off.
3. Gently inhale in normal breathing style.
4. Exhale gently and note pressure build up inside face piece.
5. Test is satisfactory if slight positive pressure inside mask is
noticed.
b. Negative Pressure User Seal Check
1. Position and tighten mask on face.
2. Cover air inlet be placing palms of hands over filter of 1/2 face
cartridge(s) or inhalation valve of PAPR.
3. Inhale gently so that the face piece collapses slightly.
4. Hold breath 8 - 10 seconds.
5. If face piece remains slightly collapsed and no leakage is
detected, the respirator is probably tight enough.
6. This test can be used only on respirator with tight fitting face
pieces.
*These checks should be performed by the wearer each time a respirator is donned.
After positive and/or negative user seal checks are accomplished, the irritant smoke
test should be performed to assure proper sizing.
7. After passing the fit test, the employee shall be questioned again regarding the
comfort of the respirator. If it has become uncomfortable, another model of
respirator shall be tried.
8. The employee shall be given the opportunity to select a different face piece
and be retested if the chosen face piece becomes increasingly uncomfortable at
any time.
C. Fit Test Protocol - Irritant Smoke
1. The employee shall properly don the chosen respirator and wear it for at least
10 minutes before the fit test. It must be equipped with HEPA or P100
series filters.
2. The test conductor shall review the test protocol with the employee before the
test begins.
3. The employee shall perform the conventional positive and negative pressure
user seal checks described in B6 above. Failure of either check shall be cause
to select another respirator.
102

4. The irritant smoke test must be carried out in a well ventilated room. Do not
use any form of test enclosure or hood (as was done previously). Workers
being tested for sizing purposes should not enter the testing environment until
their respirator is in place, and a proper fit has been assured through positive
and negative user seal checks. NOTE: when testing the PAPR it must be in the
negative pressure mode (ie. motor off).
5. Break both ends of a smoke tube containing Stannic Choride. Attach a short
length of tubing to one end of the smoke tube. Attach the other end of the
tubing to a small squeeze bulb. Place an additional short piece of tubing over
the exposed end of the tube so that it doesn’t cause injury.
6. Advise those employees being tested for 1/2 mask respirators that the smoke is
irritating to the eyes and that they should keep their eyes closed at all times.
7. The test conductor shall direct the stream of irritant smoke from the tube to the
face seal area of the employee beginning from 12 inches away and move the
smoke stream around the entire sealing surface. The test conductor shall make
two more such passes moving to within 6 inches of the respirator.
8. The employee shall be instructed to do the following exercises while the
respirator is being challenged by the smoke. Each exercise shall be performed
for one minute.
- Breathe normally
- Breathe deeply. Be certain breaths are deep and regular.
- Turn head all the way from side to side. Be certain movement is
complete. Inhale on each side. Do not bump the respirator
against the shoulders.
- Nod head up and down. Be certain motions are complete and
made every second. Inhale when head is looking up. Do not
bump the respirator against the chest.
- Talk aloud and slowly for several minutes. The following
paragraph is called The Rainbow Passage. Reading it or
repeating it as it is recited by the test conductor, will result in a
wide variety of facial movements, and thus be useful to satisfy
this requirement. Alternative passages which serve the same
purpose may also be used.
103

Rainbow Passage
When the sunlight strikes raindrops in the air, they act like a prism and
form a rainbow. The rainbow is a division of white light into many
beautiful colors. These take the shape of a long round arch, with its path
high above, and its two ends apparently beyond the horizon. There is,
according to legend, a pot of gold at one end. people look, but no one ever
finds it. When a man looks for something beyond his reach, his friends
say he is looking for the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow.
- Jogging in place
- Breathe normally
9. The employee shall indicate to the test conductor if the irritant smoke is
detected. If smoke is detected, the test conductor shall stop the test. In this
case the tested respirator is rejected and another one is tried.
10. Each employee passing the smoke test shall be given a sensitivity check.
Smoke from the same tube is generated while the wearer gently breaks the
respirator seal. If the wearer reacts to the smoke, sensitivity is verified. The
test conductor must be very careful to use only the minimum amount of smoke
necessary to evoke a response. Failure to evoke a response shall void the test.
11. Respirators successfully tested by the protocol can be used by the employee on
whom they were tested.
12. The test shall not be conducted if there is any hair growth between the skin and
the face piece sealing surface.
13. The test shall not be conducted if the employee has not been medically
monitored.
14. Qualitative fit testing shall be repeated at least every year.
15. In addition, because the sealing of the respirator may be affected, qualitative fit
testing shall be repeated immediately when the employee has a:
- Weight change of 20 pounds or more,
- Significant facial scarring in the area of the face piece seal,
- Significant dental changes; i.e.; multiple extractions without
prothesis, or acquiring dentures,
- Reconstruction or cosmetic surgery, or
104

D. Recordkeeping
- Any other condition which may interfere with face piece
sealing.
A summary of all test results shall be maintained at each facility for 1 year until the next fit
test is done. The summary shall include:
1. Name of employee
2. Date of testing
3. Name of test conductor
4. Respirators selected (indicate manufacturer, model, size, and approval
number).
5. Testing agent
2/18/05
105

LEVEL II EMPLOYEE ASBESTOS SAFETY AND HEALTH RESPIRATOR FIT
TEST RECORDS
STATE EMPLOYEES' ASBESTOS SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT: AGENCY:
LOCATION:
PIN # EMPLOYEE
NAME
SOC. SEC. # JOB
CLASSIFIC
A-TION
INITIAL FIT
TEST DATE
SIZE TEST
CONDUC-
TOR
RETEST
DATE
RETEST
DATE
RETEST
DATE
106

SECTION VIII
EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE
Whenever you have any kind of equipment that is used as part of your facility's asbestos program, you need to
set up some type of an inventory and maintenance system. The respiratory protection program takes care of
this need for respirators, and something similar can be set up for HEPA vacuums and negative air machines.
Suggestions:
1.) Put all manufacturers’ literature in binders or folders so that is easily accessible and doesn't get lost.
2.) Review manufacturers’ literature for maintenance and repair instructions.
3.) Utilize the forms found in your facility's management plan to write out your equipment programs.
4.) Keep records of all maintenance and repairs made to equipment
107

EQUIPMENT USAGE AND MAINTENANCE SYSTEM
Asbestos related equipment usage and maintenance at this facility will be overseen by:
Name Position/Title Phone #
The asbestos related equipment is kept in the following location(s):
Employees who need access to equipment shall provide proof of current accreditation, medical monitoring and fit testing
and shall use the following procedures: (Use additional sheets as necessary)
Equipment must be checked by the user to determine if it is in safe operating condition. Anytime the equipment is not in
safe operating condition, the user will notify:
Name Position/Title Phone #
and tag the equipment out of service. The following tagout procedure will be used: (Use additional sheets as necessary.
Describe the procedures and either enclose tag, or a catalog cut of the tag used.) Only Level II employees can handle equipment.
Routine maintenance is performed according to the manufacturer’s recommendations by:
Name Position/Title Phone #
108

EQUIPMENT USAGE AND MAINTENANCE SYSTEM (continued)
Copies of the manufacturer's user's manuals and maintenance manuals and/or operating and maintenance procedures
developed by the facility as either a supplement or alternative to the manufacturer's recommendations for vacuums,
respirators, scaffolds etc. are kept by:
Name Position/Title Phone #
and located
The following procedures will be used to ensure that each piece of equipment is serviced according to a preventive
maintenance schedule set by the manufacturer or empirically through actual experience (Include PM schedule): (Use
additional sheets as necessry)
109

TO:
FROM:
Safety & Health Specialists
The Maryland Department of the Environment
DATE: August 31, 2000
SUBJECT:
Safe Filter Change Using A Glove-Bag
It has come to our attention that alternative procedures are needed to perform a safe filter
change on the Nilfisk GS81 models. This method will also work for other HEPA vacuums
provided you obtain an appropriately sized glove bag.
Some Level II employees are not making any filter changes or those that are changing the
filters are doing so under less than ideal conditions. In the past, work practices required that
an plasticized, enclosed room or mini-enclosure be used to reduce the risk of fiber release
during this filter change. Some employees may have chosen to use the "Great" outdoors as
the area to change the vacuum filters in order to get around the above requirements. To bring
proper work practices back in line, we have reviewed and approve using a glove bag to
completely enclose the vacuum for a safe filter change.
Before proceeding with step #1 appropriate respiratory equipment (PAPR) and protective
clothing must be worn, no exceptions.
Step #1 -
Step #2 -
Step #3 -
Turn the vacuum on and allow to run for approximately 1 minute, then
turn vacuum off and remove the attached hose and tape the opening.
Place wet and dry cloths, and a new poly-liner in the tool pouch, also a
small spray bottle of amended water. There might also be the need for
small tools such as a Phillips screwdriver, flat-head screwdriver, pliers,
the necessary filters and a disposal bag. You will also need a second
HEPA vacuum to provide negative air from outside the glove bag.
Place the vacuum to be worked on inside the glove bag. Seal the bag
with duct tape.
Insert arms into sleeves. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for
removing the old filters. Put the discarded filters inside the disposal the
bag and set it aside within the glove bag. Wet-wipe any visible dust
from vacuum housing and glove-bag interior.
110

Step #4 -
Step #5 -
Step #6-
Install new filters according to the manufacturer's instructions. Wipe
down the unit and the interior of the glove bag with a damp cloth.
Turn on the "outside" vacuum to remove any asbestos laden air from
the glove bag.
Break seal on glove bag and remove the vacuum. Re-seal the glove
bag and place into a clean disposal bag and dispose of properly.
111

DEPT.:___________________________ FACILITY:___________________ DATE: ________________
EQUIPMENT INVENTORY SUMMARY
(Use additional sheets as necessary)
EQUIPMENT ITEM AGE OR
YEAR
OBTAINED
PERIOD
BETWEEN
MAINT.
LAST DATE
INSPECTED
FUNC-
TIONAL
(Does it work? --
Yes/No)
LIFE CYCLE
(What is useful life of
device?)
PLANS FOR REPLACEMENT/OVERHAUL
(When will device be replaced or overhauled? What will replace it? Has/will funds
be available for replacement/overhaul?
112

Equipment Repair
Purpose: This is to provide guidance in what types of repair can be performed by the Agency
Safety & Health Specialist. Any repairs not mentioned in these guidelines are not to be
performed by the ASHS unless they have received specialized training from the manufacturer.
Each respirator is covered separately.
Half Face Respirator
Straps can be replaced
Cartridge holder gaskets can be replaced
Inhalation valves can be replaced
Exhalation valves can be replaced
Powered Air Purifying Respirator
Exhalation and Inhalation valves can be replaced
Batteries can be replaced
Filters can be replaced
Motor can be replaced
Spoke wheel can be replaced
Valve covers can be replaced
Airline Respirators
Inhalation valve can be replaced
Breathing hose can be replaced
Air hose can be replaced
113

PAPR WORK LOG
Equipment Check Out & Inspection
(Must be completed before using equipment)
DATE: FLOW TEST: FACEPIECE:
Yes No
TIME: Size:
Headstraps:
Faceseal:
Valves:
Breathing Hose:
BATTERIES:
Recharged:
Yes
No
FILTERS:
Changed: Yes No
(Name of Employee Using Equipment)
(Signature of Employee Using Equipment)
114

PAPR WORK LOG
Equipment Check In & Inspection
(Must be completed when returning equipment)
DATE: BATTERY FACEPIECE
Recharged: Inspected:
Yes No Stored:
Stored: Cleaned:
BREATHING HOSE
Inspected:
Cleaned:
Stored:
(Name of Employee Returning Equipment)
(Signature of Employee Returning Equipment)
115

Airline Work Log
Equipment Check Out & Inspection
(Must be completed before using equipment)
DATE:________________________
TIME:________________________
Facepiece Inspection
Size__________________
Headstraps____________
Regulator
Face Seal_____________
Breathing Hose________
Diaphragm______________
Spring_________________
(Name of Worker Using Equipment)
(Signature)
116

AIR LINE
EQUIPMENT RETURN & INSPECTION
(MUST BE COMPLETED AFTER USING EQUIPMENT)
DATE:
TIME:
Facepiece
Air Hose
Inspected:__________
Cleaned____________
Stored_____________
Inspected___________
Cleaned_____________
Stored______________
Regulator
Inspected___________
Stored______________
(name of worker using equipment)
(signature)
117

MARYLAND STATE EMPLOYEES ASBESTOS SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM
MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR CHECK LIST
AIRLINE RESPIRATOR
RESPIRATOR IDENTIFICATION NO.:
DATE IN USE:
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Breathing Hose
Head Straps and Buckles
Face Piece
Exhalation Valve
Belt Regulator
Inhalation Valve
Airline Hose
Flow Test (Annually)
A - Acceptable
R - Replaced/Repaired
N/A - Not Applicable
Comments: SIGN:
118

MARYLAND STATE EMPLOYEES ASBESTOS SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM
MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR CHECK LIST
HALF - FACE RESPIRATOR
RESPIRATOR IDENTIFICATION NO.:
DATE IN USE:
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Cartridge Holder and Gaskets
Straps and Buckles
Face Piece
Exhalation Valve(s)
Inhalation Valve(s)
A - Acceptable
R - Replaced/Repaired
N/A - Not Applicable Comments: SIGN:
119

MARYLAND STATE EMPLOYEES ASBESTOS SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM
MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR CHECK LIST
POWERED AIR PURIFYING RESPIRATOR
RESPIRATOR IDENTIFICATION NO.:
DATE IN USE:
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Breathing Hose
Head Straps and Buckles
Face Piece
Exhalation Valve(s)
Respirator Filters
Inhalation Valve(s)
Battery Charged and
Operating
Flow Test (Monthly)
A - Acceptable
R - Replaced/Repaired
N/A - Not Applicable
Comments: SIGN:
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Type
Resp.
Used
MARYLAND STATE EMPLOYEES ASBESTOS SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM LEVEL II WORK LOG
Hours on Job Items Used on Job
Date Resp. Insp.
By:______
(Int)
Job
Loc.
Set-
Up
Removal
Clean-
Up
Suits Vac
Bags
Glove
Bags
HEPA
Filters
Duct
Tape
6 mil
Poly
Disposal
Bags
Other Resp.
Hrs.
Used
HEPA
Vac.
Hrs.
Used
HEPA
Vac
Filter
Rep.
Brake
Encl.
Usage
Encap.
Used
121
Wgt/
Amt.
of Asb.
Rem.

ASHS TRAINING:
SECTION IX-A
RETRAINING: "TRAINING THE TRAINER"
Robert M. Jordan NOTES
Content:
- Outline, based on modified Learning Objectives
- Concepts and Principles
- OSHA guidelines & prohibitions; EPA
- Other, as needed
Materials:
- Handouts (topical outline, drawings, summaries)
- Slide show; videos (auto)
- Demos: HEPA vac, enclosure, etc.
Methods:
- "Lecture"
- Question & Answer
- Discussion
- Audio visual
- Demonstrations
- Hands on practice/demonstration
- Relate to Learning Objectives
- Evaluation
- Record keeping (Who is retrained? Communication with Training Manager,
MDE)
Tips:
- Prepare and Think (e.g. How do I learn?)
- Who am I teaching? (find out) What? Why? How?
- Conceptualize; major ideas, significant, remember
- "Behavioral Objectives" - testable, measurable
- Practical - tie to their experiences, relate to class
- Reinforce
- Personalize - Develop (copy?) a style
- Be Aware, Be Alert: Observe class, watch, listen, see and hear; Monitor class,
get and give immediate feedback. (Do I need to change pace, vary what I'm or
how I'm doing it?)
- Get class involved, mentally, physically
- Attitude: project confidence, know, yet not "know all": common interest,
common problems & goals, try for cooperative effort. Be friendly, yet
businesslike; sensitive to their situation.
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SECTION IX-B
REMINDER: All facilities with auto shops that do brake/clutch work must be conducting
annual Level II automotive retraining as required by the State Employees Asbestos Program.
This training must be a minimum of 4 hours in length and meet the following objectives:
LEARNING OBJECTIVES FOR LEVEL II TRAINING: AUTOMOTIVE
I. ORIENTATION
A. Background
Following this presentation employees will be able to:
1. Identify the source of asbestos (naturally occurring mineral).
2. Define asbestos containing material (1% or greater). This is an
EPA/OSHA definition. The State Program says that any material
containing any amount of asbestos is an asbestos containing material.
3. Know that the only positive means of asbestos identification is
laboratory analysis.
4. Identify common sources of exposure and locations of asbestos in State
Automotive Facilities.
5. Be able to determine who is a Level II employee and what asbestos
related work is permitted to be done by State Level II Automotive
Employees.
6. Define the term friable.
7. Recognize when asbestos materials pose a potential health problem.
8. Be aware of notification procedures in the event an asbestos hazard is
suspected.
9. Know the requirements for carrying out asbestos related work in State
Facilities.
B. Objectives for Legal Aspects
1. Employees should recognize the OSHA PEL and excursion limit for
asbestos and the limitations of this regulation in disease prevention.
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2. Be familiar with automotive work requirements as outlined in OSHA's
29CFR 1910.1001 standard section (f)(3) and appendix F.
3. Be familiar with the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.134 for respiratory
protection and workplace monitoring.
4. Know the requirements for asbestos disposal in Maryland.
5. Know the incentive pay provisions as they apply to State Level II
Automotive workers.
C. Medical Aspects
Following this presentation workers will
1. Recognize the most common diseases associated with asbestos
exposure.
2. Identify the most common route of entry for asbestos into the body.
3. Recognize the Dose (Exposure) - Response Relationship between
inhalation of asbestos dust and disease development.
4. Know the 3 defensive mechanisms the body has against asbestos
exposure.
5. Know the meaning of latency and how it applies to asbestos related
disease.
6. Know the symptoms, prognosis and treatment for asbestos related
diseases.
7. Recognize the importance of personal protection and dust control
measures in preventing asbestos related diseases.
8. Be aware of the relationship between cigarette smoking and asbestos
related lung cancer.
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9. Be aware of the potential danger of contaminating work clothes with
asbestos.
10. Identify 3 methods of reducing the risk of asbestos related disease in the
workplace.
11. Be aware of the medical confidentiality provisions of the Maryland State
Employees Asbestos Program.
12. Understand the limitations of a medical surveillance program.
13. Recognize the symptoms of heat related disorders and preventative
measures that reduce the risk of developing these problems.
II.
Control of Asbestos Hazards
The worker is expected to demonstrate his knowledge and understanding of the content
of this training by:
- implementing principles and practices of asbestos hazard control on the job.
(This is subject to verification by review and inspection by the employee's
supervisor while performing actual asbestos work).
A. Control Methods:
Following this presentation the trainees
1. are expected to state when asbestos may be hazardous, and
2. list the four essential control methods (prepare area, protect worker,
minimize fibers, cleanup and disposal. Workers shall be encouraged to
take those four principles and apply them to individual work situations).
B. Personal Protection:
Following the training on protective clothing and respiratory protection, the
trainees are expected to be able to:
1. State the reason for wearing protective clothing, the kind and items of
protective clothing required to be worn, and when it is to be worn.
2. Describe and/or demonstrate the recommended donning, taping, and
removal procedures.
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3. Describe and/or demonstrate proper cleaning procedures before protective
clothing is removed, with emphasis on leaving the respirator on until
clothing has been disposed of.
4. State the essential function of a respirator.
5. List criteria used as a basis for selecting proper respiratory protection.
6. Describe characteristics of and differentiate between a negative airpurifying
respirator and a positive pressure powered air purifying
respirator
7. State the limitations of State Employee's Asbestos Program respirators in
oxygen-deficient atmospheres.
8. Describe inspection, maintenance, cleaning, and storage procedures the
worker (user) is expected to perform.
9. Describe procedures to be done by the Safety and Health Specialist, rather
than the user (repair and replacement of parts).
10. Describe and/or demonstrate proper respirator donning and removal
techniques.
11. Describe the purpose and various procedures of fit testing a respirator,
state factors affecting fit as well as State policies applicable.
12. Describe the concept of "protection factors" and relate that to the
respirator types selected for the asbestos program.
13. Describe and/or demonstrate a working understanding of the half-face
piece dual cartridge respirator (including positive and negative fit testing).
14. Describe and/or demonstrate a working understanding of the powered air
purifying respirator (PAPR), including the HEPA filters, NiCad batteries
(and the use of a flowmeter to flow test the PAPR.
C. Preparation of the Work Area:
Upon completion of this portion of the training, the workers are expected to be
able to:
1. List required and recommended procedures, including removal of
unnecessary personnel from the immediate area: removal of non-essential
tools, furniture, or other movable objects (to avoid contamination).
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2. Describe and/or demonstrate procedures for laying 6 mil poly drop sheet
on floors, constructing poly barriers to isolate brake/clutch work if
feasible.
3. Describe and/or demonstrate methods of enclosing the work itself, such as
the vacuum or wet collection method (Whatever your facility uses).
4. Describe the requirements for restricting access to the work area, posting
of signs.
D. Minimizing Release of Asbestos Fibers into the Air
Upon completion of this portion of the training, workers are expected to be able
to:
1. Describe and/or demonstrate the use of fiber-containment devices that
your facility uses to confine fibers and restrict contamination of adjacent
areas.
2. Describe and/or demonstrate the design, proper use, and maintenance of
the HEPA Vacuum for asbestos-related work, and the prohibitions against
the use of conventional "shop-vacs" for such work.
E. Cleanup and Disposal of Asbestos Waste:
Upon completion of this presentation, workers will be able to:
1. List steps, in order, in which cleanup is to be done and state reasons for
doing it in that manner.
2. Describe approved methods for disposal of asbestos waste, contaminated
clothing and materials. These include double-bagging and sealing in 6 mil
poly bags, clearly labeled as to contents and hazard; use of locking-top
fiber drums, and transport to a landfill that will accept asbestos waste.
This training can be accomplished with a combination of lecture, videos, slides, etc.. Make sure
though, that you make it specific to your facility. If you have any questions please contact the
State Employees Asbestos Program.
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SECTION IX-C
REMINDER: All facilities should be conducting Level I training as required by the State
Employees Asbestos Program and OSHA and EPA regulations. Level I training must be a
minimum of 2 hours in length and include at least the following topics:
1. Information on asbestos, its various forms and uses.
2. Information on the health effects associated with asbestos exposure.
3. Locations of asbestos containing materials (ACM) identified throughout the
facility buildings where Level I employees work.
4. Recognition of damage, deterioration, and delamination of ACM.
5. How to avoid disturbing ACM.
6. Name and Phone #'s of the Facility Asbestos Program Manager and Safety &
Health Specialist to be notified when encountering asbestos incidents and for
further information.
7. The availability and location of the facility's asbestos management plan.
This training can be accomplished with a combination of lecture, videos, slides, etc.. A slide
program is also available for your use. Make sure though, that you make it specific to your
facility. If you have any questions please contact the State Employees Asbestos Program.
128

LEVEL I TRAINING: TEACHER'S OUTLINE
I. Class Introduction
A. Introduce yourself - put name and phone number on board
B. State purpose of training
1. To inform state employees about the potentially hazardous nature of
asbestos containing materials, its location in their facilities, what the state
program is doing about asbestos, and the procedures to be followed in the
event that an asbestos hazard is suspected.
2. To train Level I employees who work in areas or positions where the
potential for asbestos exposure is increased, but whose activities do not
require disturbing such materials, in hazard recognition and the proper
procedures and reporting mechanisms to be followed in the event that a
hazard is suspected, or when they encounter asbestos during their work.
3. To meet training requirements of the Executive Order
C. Review what will be covered
1. Program Review
2. What asbestos is/how its used
3. Health Effects
4. Medical Monitoring: Purpose, Limitations
5. Hazard Recog,: When a hazard, Who to call
6. Abatement Options
7. Special Precautions
8. Location/Access to asbestos records
II.
Program Review
In April of 1983 Governor Harry Hughes signed an Executive Order establishing the
Maryland Asbestos Program. The purpose of this program is to educate all State
employees about the potential health hazards of asbestos containing materials, and to
establish an asbestos safety program that will protect both state employees and occupants
of State buildings. This program is one of the most comprehensive State Programs
currently in existence and provides for employee training, the establishment of a Safety
and Health Program, and the provision of medical monitoring examinations for some
employees.
A new executive order was signed by Governor William Donald Schaefer in November
1987. The order established the Asbestos Oversight Committee. The committee was
created to coordinate all State-related asbestos activities. It was also charged with
developing and implementing an asbestos management plan to manage asbestos on a day
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to day as well as long term basis and design appropriate policies to effectively address
and resolve any asbestos related issues. The new executive order also reaffirms those
provisions set forth in the old executive order.
Under the provisions of Maryland's Asbestos Program, there are three levels of asbestos
worker training; each designed to meet the specific needs of three identified groups of
workers with differing exposure potential. These three groups are known as Level I,
Level II (maintenance) and Level II (automotive).
Employees classified as Level II are those employees which job requires them to cut into,
break, or otherwise disturb asbestos containing materials. the Maryland Asbestos
Program requires Level II employees to attend special training classes to learn methods
of protecting themselves, and to prevent asbestos contamination of the workplace.
Definition of Level I
Although most state employees will never be required to cut into asbestos containing
materials, as a result of their job classification or work location, some employees may
have a greater potential for encountering asbestos materials in their work area. These
employees are classified as "Level I" and need to have some basic information that will
assist in the recognition of a possible asbestos hazard, and the steps that should be taken
when such a hazard is suspected. The purpose of this slide-show is to provide this
information for you as a Level I employee.
Every department has a designated Asbestos Coordinator responsible for implementing
the asbestos program in departmental facilities.
Each facility has a Facility Asbestos Program Manager, who oversees the facility-based
asbestos operations and maintenance plan, or O&M plan. The O&M work seeks to
minimize hazard by periodic re-inspections and prompt implementation of control
methods.
An Asbestos Safety and Health Specialist is assigned to one or more State facilities for
the purpose of monitoring work place safety and health related to asbestos.
Safety and Health Committees may be formed at each facility to address work related
asbestos issues as required.
At the end of this presentation you will receive a written fact sheet with the name of your
Departmental Asbestos Coordinator and Agency Safety and Health Specialist. Any questions
that you might have concerning asbestos or possible asbestos hazards should be addressed to
your Safety and Health Specialist first, and then if necessary to your Departmental Coordinator.
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III.
Asbestos "What it is, How it is used"
What is asbestos, where does it come from, and what are its commercial uses?
Asbestos is the common name for a group of naturally occurring minerals, that are mined
from the earth like coal. Under certain conditions of temperature and pressure "hair like"
fibers are formed that can be milled for many commercial uses. Asbestos deposits are
widespread throughout the world. Much of the asbestos consumed in the United States
today is imported from Canada.
Because of the strength and durability of asbestos and its unique insulating properties this
material has been used extensively in many products. Some examples of asbestos
containing products include: heat resistant textiles; reinforced cement piping; thermal
insulation such as pipe covering, boiler lagging and fire doors; acoustical tiles; decorative
ceiling; and friction products such as brake and clutch lining.
At one time asbestos was widely used in the construction industry as a spray on
insulation and reinforcement material; this practice was banned by the EPA in 1974
because of the resultant increase in airborne asbestos concentrations in areas where
construction was being done. Similarly, asbestos was banned by the EPA for use as a
decorative ceiling material in 1976.
IV.
Health Effects & When it is a Hazard
Hazard: is the likelihood of a substance to cause harm
When should asbestos be considered a health hazard?
The presence of asbestos containing materials alone does not present a health hazard risk.
Asbestos becomes a health hazard whenever fibers released into air are inhaled or
swallowed. Asbestos is not a hazard when the asbestos-containing materials are
undamaged or when fibers cannot enter the air. The main way asbestos gets into the
body is by breathing air contaminated with asbestos dust. Additionally, small amounts of
fibers may also be swallowed from mucous coughed up from the lungs.
Asbestos dust does not enter the body through the skin, but clothing contamination may
be a source for carrying and spreading fibers that may later be inhaled by the workers or
anyone who comes in contact with the dusty clothing.
What are the health problems associated with breathing asbestos dust?
Asbestosis:
A scarring of the lungs which gradually, over many years, makes it more
and more difficult for the lungs to exchange air. It can cause disability
and is sometimes fatal.
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Cancers:
There are several types of cancer associated with asbestos, the most
common is lung cancer. Another, more rare type of cancer is
mesothelioma, a cancer of the lining of the lungs or intestines, that occurs
almost exclusively in people who have had asbestos exposure.
What is the risk of developing Asbestos related diseases?
Asbestos-associated diseases most often occur in persons who are most heavily exposed
to asbestos such as miners, insulators, factory workers, and shipyard workers. In general,
the greater the exposure, the greater the possibility of disease. The greatest potential for
exposure in state buildings is for maintenance workers, which is why they receive
training, equipment and medical monitoring.
However, some people who are exposed to even relatively small amounts of asbestos
may also develop asbestos-related disease. The reasons for this are not well understood.
Because the presence of asbestos containing products is so wide-spread, almost everyone
in an urban environment is exposed to asbestos to some extent.
The risk of getting asbestos disease for people who breathe in small amounts of asbestos
is unknown. Most of the information about disease occurrence comes from studies of
asbestos insulation and manufacturing workers who were heavily exposed for many years
because of poor work practices and lack of proper respiratory protection.
Cigarette smoking when combined with asbestos exposure, greatly increases the risk of
getting lung cancer. Smokers have ten times the risk of lung cancer compared to nonsmokers.
Asbestos Workers have five times the risk of lung cancer compared to non-asbestos
workers. Because of a very strong but not yet understood interaction, smokers who work
with asbestos have 50 - 100 times the risk of lung cancer.
When do the health effects from asbestos occur?
Asbestos related diseases usually take 10 - 40 years to become apparent. Some cases of a
shorter time period exist, but usually with workers who have had extremely heavy
exposure, such as spraying asbestos inside ships for several years.
Symptoms such as sore throat, burning eyes, itching skin which occur within a few days
of asbestos or renovation work are caused by reactions to other materials which have
been used disturbed, such as plaster dust.
Is it possible to predict who will get asbestos disease?
No - in general, large exposures to airborne asbestos carry a greater risk but not everyone
exposed gets disease. There is much variability in human response which makes it
impossible to predict.
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Was I exposed in the past?
Unless you have done work which directly disturbs asbestos, such as removing asbestos
lagging from pipes or changing brakes, it is difficult to say for sure if you have had prior
exposure. Just being in an area with asbestos doesn't mean you are exposed. To be
"exposed", the asbestos must be in the air and you must breathe it in.
- there is very little air sampling data, especially from many years ago.
- until the statewide survey was done in 1986 - 87, in State owned buildings, there
was not always knowledge of asbestos location and condition. However, as
mentioned previously, to pose a hazard, asbestos to must be in a condition to
produce airborne fibers.
- x-rays cannot tell if someone has had recent exposure, and they can only show if
disease has developed, 10 - 40 years after exposure. Also there are no blood tests
that can tell if someone has been exposed to asbestos.
How do I tell if the asbestos around me is hazardous?
Remember: Asbestos is only hazardous when it is cut, ground or damaged in such a way
that fibers are released into the air. Friable asbestos is a particular problem because it can
be easily crumbled to a dust in the hand with little pressure. Fibers from friable asbestos
may be easily distributed by air currents or activity within an area where such material is
present. The only way to determine whether a product contains asbestos is to have the
material sampled and examined under a microscope. However because asbestos is often
found in specific types of products, it is often possible to make a preliminary assessment
of a possible hazard from the location, appearance, and the use of certain products.
What is the OSHA standard?
The current OSHA permissible exposure limit is 0.1 fibers/cubic centimeter. This
essentially means that OSHA allows you to breath 100,000 f/hr for 8 hours. This is a
regulated level not a "safe" one. The major reason no "safe" level has been set is because
no one is sure what level it takes to cause cancer.
Purpose and limitations of Medical Monitoring
Workers classified as Level II receive medical monitoring because the nature of their
work as plumbers, electricians, etc., may require them to disrupt asbestos and thus have a
greater potential for exposure to asbestos fibers than Level I employees or other building
occupants. The Medical Monitoring exam, a chest x-ray read by a specially trained
radiologist, a breathing test, and a physical exam for heart and lung function - determines
if they can safely wear the required respirator, and provides early screening for asbestos
related disease. As indicated earlier, disease usually takes 20-40 years after exposure to
develop, especially at low exposures. Medical monitoring cannot prevent these diseases.
133

Medical monitoring is not designed to fully diagnose or treat asbestos-related diseases.
Additional diagnosis and treatment are obtained through the employees' private
physician.
If you are concerned about health effects from possible exposure where you work, first
find out whether ACM is present by contacting [Explain your facility procedure for
this]. If ACM is present in your area and you still have concerns as to its possible effect
on you health, discuss this with your private physician.
How can Asbestos Disease be Prevented?
The only way of preventing asbestos-related diseases is to keep from breathing asbestos
dust. The easiest way to do this is to keep from disturbing it and making it airborne.
When it is necessary to do work which disturbs the asbestos, the use of special
precautions can decrease the possibility of exposure for the worker and others. The State
requires any worker who must do asbestos-disturbing work to utilize protective
equipment and dust control measures to minimize dust release. Additionally, anytime a
hazardous condition has been detected or asbestos-related work must be done signs must
be posted. Barriers must be constructed to prevent general building contamination until
the hazardous conditions are corrected, and the work should be done when the area is
unoccupied.
Also, since there is a very high risk of developing asbestos related disease if you smoke
and are exposed to asbestos, you can significantly reduce your risk of developing
asbestos related diseases if you quit smoking.
V. Recognition of Potential Problems
Here are some slides of possible asbestos-containing materials, and some examples of
asbestos hazards:
This is a slide of a decorative ceiling that may contain asbestos. For many years it was
common practice to use asbestos in ceiling materials. In 1978 this use was banned by the
EPA. Buildings built after 1978 should not have asbestos ceilings.
This slide illustrates an example of an asbestos hazard resulting from deterioration of an
asbestos ceiling. The water damaged has resulted in breaking away of sprayed on
asbestos material. Because of this damage, fibers could be released into the air and
inhaled by building occupants. Such a condition should be reported immediately to
appropriate facility management so corrective action may be taken.
Another common application for asbestos has been in pipe insulation. Although new
undamaged pipe insulation, such as this, does not present a hazard, the following slides
illustrate some examples of damaged asbestos containing pipe insulation that should be
considered hazardous and be reported immediately. Many duct coverings that have the
appearance of corrugated cardboard contain asbestos in small channels (This is known as
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"air cell" insulation). Covering on hot water tanks and boilers usually contain a very high
percentage of asbestos, sometimes as much as 80-90%. For this reason damage to these
materials should be promptly reported. Another common source of occupational asbestos
exposure is automobile work on parts such as brake and clutch linings which contain
asbestos.
In state garages asbestos-precautions include the use of special high efficiency-filter
vacuums, and cylinders that fit over the brake assembly to trap and remove fibers so they
may be properly disposed.
As you are working, if you notice any possibly hazard conditions or have a question
about asbestos, contact [give facility procedure]. If, in order to do your routine work
you would have to disturb any of these materials, stop your work, notify your supervisor
who will see that specially-trained and equipped Level II employees remove or otherwise
abate the asbestos to a point where you can then resume your work, or, [give name] will
come out, possibly take a bulk sample to see if it is asbestos and then decide on an
appropriate control measure.
VI.
What is being done about asbestos in State Buildings?
Here are some of the steps that have been taken to identify and correct asbestos hazards
in state owned buildings and to protect state employees.
(1) In 1985 the State contracted to have State-owned buildings surveyed by a team of
industrial hygienists, architects, and engineers. The purpose was to identify the
location and condition of asbestos materials and make recommendations for
abatement and management.
As a result of this survey, corrective measures will be or have been taken in areas
identified as hazardous. Recommendations for action will be based on many
factors such as the use of the building, occupancy, condition of the material,
future hazard potential, as well as the availability of funding.
(2) One of six steps may be taken:
(1) Removal of asbestos
(2) Encapsulation or sealing of asbestos to prevent fibers release into the air
(3) Enclosure of asbestos to contain any possible fibers
(4) Routine re-inspection and maintenance when materials are undamaged and
do not present a hazard - par of an asbestos "Operations and Maintenance"
or O/M plan.
(5) Repair of asbestos
(6) Restriction of the area to trained and medically monitored Level II
personnel only.
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In order to protect state maintenance workers, all State Employees are prohibited from engaging
in major asbestos abatement projects. This limits asbestos exposure potential by limiting
asbestos related work-assignments to those that are incidental but necessary to the performance
of usual job responsibilities. State workers may not be utilized in removal projects where greater
than 160 square feet, 260 linear feet, or 35 cu. ft. of asbestos are involved.
Only properly trained State employees who have been approved for respirator use
and provided with protective equipment will be permitted to do asbestos
disturbing work. All such work must be done according to the strict guidelines
set forth in the Maryland Asbestos Program Policies and Procedures Manual.
To best use its resources in managing the asbestos in its buildings, the state is
utilizing many options (like those mentioned). They have also solicited each
facility's worst areas so that they may be ranked by priority. (May wish to
mention any projects (lg. scale abatement) going on at the facility as well as
any safeguards being taken particularly if the area will cause disruption or
be re-occupied).
VII.
Special Precaution
In buildings containing asbestos you can't do things as you might normally do. (For
example if you have sprayed on asbestos above ceiling tiles, moving cables for
computers above the tiles can contaminate the area) [The trainer should give specific
precautions for locations in his facility]. This is also why repairs or requests for
maintenance work may have to take a little longer than usual. Other precautions include.
- not bumping/scraping pipes,
- scraping ceilings,
- going above tiles etc.
VIII. Location/Access to information
[Be specific for your agency as to where records are and how to access them.]
136