Children - Terre des Hommes

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iii Acknowledgements This report, called, India’s Childhood in the ‘Pits’: The Impacts of Mining on Children in India, had its beginnings in the fact-finding exercise that the organisations involved in this research had undertaken in April 2005. Had it not been for the children we met then, we would never have known how deeply affected they are by mining. We thank the children of Bellary for opening our eyes to the problems of mining affected children. The core focus of this report is the primary data and information gathered from the mine sites and communities affected by mining. The organisations that directly helped us are Santulan (Maharashtra), Sakhi (Karnataka), Mine Labour Protection Campaign (Rajasthan), Pathar Khadaan Majdoor Sangh (Madhya Pradesh), Ankuran (Orissa), Gangpur Adivasi Forum for Socio-Cultural Awakening (Orissa), Swaraj Foundation ( Jharkhand), Jan Chetna (Chhattisgarh) and Grameena Vikasa Saradhi & MASS (Andhra Pradesh). Additionally, organisations including READS (Karnataka), SEEDS (Karnataka), Don Bosco (Karnataka) and Lutheran World Service (Orissa) provided extra support with data collection. Individually, we received help for organising our field visits or in accompanying us to the field from friends and activists like Mr. Kumar (Kolar), Mr. Dayanidhi Marandi, Mr. Santosh Kumar Das, Mr. Niladri Mishra, Mr. Samit Carr, Mr.Vijay Kumar, Mr. Kishore Kujur and Mr. Naveen Naik. We thank all the member organisations of mm&P alliance that helped us with undertaking field research in the eight states that were covered for the case studies. This report would not have been possible without the financial support of Terre des Hommes (tdh) Germany, AEI & ASTM Luxembourg. We thank them for giving priority to this issue despite several constraints. We particularly appreciate the support from Ravi and George Chira of tdh, Germany during the process of the study and for their inputs in review and finalisation of the report. This report is dedicated to all the children of India — dalit, adivasi and marginalised children driven out of their lands, child mine workers working in the most hazardous conditions, all children living around mine sites braving bulldozers and coping with the inhuman conditions they are pitted against in order for India to compete as a global contender for economic and political power. Most of all, we wish to thank the research team and the administrative teams of Samata and HAQ for their highly motivated work all through the study. We thank Rukmini Sekhar for her yeo-woman support in copyediting the national report in such a short time. Nishant Singh and Sukvinder Singh for not saying NO even as it seemed impossible to design and print the report in the time we gave them. We hope this report will help put the “mining child” on the national agenda and ensure that some attention is paid to them. Bhanumathi Kalluri Dhaatri-Samata Enakshi Ganguly Thukral HAQ:Centre for Child Rights
iv List of Abbreviations AEI – Aide à l’Enfance de l’Inde ANM – Auxiliary Nurse cum Midwife ARI – Acute Respiratory Illness ASER – Annual Status of Education Report ASTM – Action Solidarite Tiers Monde AWC – Anganwadi Centre BCCL – Bharat Cooking Coal Limited BGML – Bharat Gold Mines Limited BHEL – Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited BIFR – Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction BPL – Below Poverty Line BPO – Business Process Outsourcing BRC – Block Resource Coordinator BSL – Bisra Stone Lime Company Limited CCL – Central Coalfields Limited CHC – Community Health Centre CICL – Child in Conflict with Law CMPDI – Central Mine Planning and Design Institute CNCP – Child in Need of Care and Protection CSE – Centre for Science and Environment CSR – Corporate Social Responsibility Cu m – cubic metres CWSN – Children With Special Needs DISE – District Information System for Education DP camp – Displaced Persons’ Camp ECL – Eastern Coalfield Limited EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment FDI – Foreign Direct Investment FIR – First Information Report FPIC – Free Prior and Informed Consent GAFSCA – Gangpur Adivasi Forum for Social and Cultural Awakening GDP – Gross Domestic Product GSDP – Gross State Domestic Product Ha – hectare HAL – Hindustan Aeronautics Limited HDI – Human Development Index HIV/AIDS – Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome ICDS – Integrated Child Development Scheme IIPS – International Institute for Population Sciences ILO – International Labour Organization IMR – Infant Mortality Rate IPEC – International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour IT – Information Technology KGF – Kolar Gold Fields KMMI – Karignur Mineral Mining Industry LWSI – Lutheran World Service India MASS – Mitra Association for Social Service MCL – Mahanadi Coalfields Limited MDGs – Millennium Development Goals MLPC – Mine Labour Protection Campaign. mm&P – mines mineral and PEOPLE MMDR Act – Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act MP – Madhya Pradesh MW – Megawatt NACO – National AIDS Control Organisation NALCO – National Aluminum Company NCLP – National Child Labour Project NCRB – National Crime Records Bureau NFHS – National Family Health Survey NGO – Non–Governmental Organisation NIOH – National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety NMDC – National Mineral Development Corporation NREGA – National Rural Employment Guarantee Act NSSO – National Sample Survey Organisation OBC – Other Backward Classes PAP – Project Affected Persons PDS – Public Distribution System PHC – Primary Health Centre PIO – Public Information Officer PKMS – Pathar Khan Mazdoor Sangh POSCO – Pohang Iron and Steel Company PSSP – Prakrutiko Sampado Surakshya Parishad READS – Rural Education Action Development Society R&R – Rehabilitation and Resettlement Rs – Rupees RTI – Right to Information SAIL – Steel Authority of India Limited SCCL– Singareni Collieries Company Limited SC – Scheduled Caste SDP – State Domestic Product SEEDS – Social Economical Educational Development Society SEZ – Special Economic Zone SGVS – Society of Gram Vikasa Saradhi SHG – Self Help Group SOP – Superintendent of Planning and Implementation Sq km – square kilometres STD – Sexually Transmitted Disease ST – Scheduled Tribe TB – Tuberculosis TDH – Terre des Hommes UAIL – Utkal Alumina International Limited UCIL – Uranium Corporation of India Limited USA – United States of America VRDS – Vennela Rural Development Society VRS – Voluntary Retirement Schemes
Page 2 and 3: India’s Childhood in the "Pits" A
Page 6 and 7: Table of Contents About the Study 3
Page 8 and 9: 4 List of states and districts visi
Page 10 and 11: 6 However, closer observation of th
Page 12 and 13: 8 In addition, almost all work perf
Page 14 and 15: 10 Impacts Children are affected di
Page 16 and 17: 12 is mandatory and this must be
Page 18 and 19: 15 National Overview Mining has imp
Page 20 and 21: 17 Table 1.2: Number of illegal min
Page 22 and 23: 19 Table 1.3: Key indicators in min
Page 24 and 25: 21 migrate to plain areas or are co
Page 26 and 27: 23 had no land to start with and wo
Page 28 and 29: 25 Although there is no data to sho
Page 30 and 31: 27 2,055 children enrolled in Santu
Page 32 and 33: 29 we will eat tomorrow,” said a
Page 34 and 35: 31 GURIA is a dark-eyed little girl
Page 36 and 37: 33 Serious health problems have alr
Page 38 and 39: 35 In several districts of Rajastha
Page 40 and 41: 37 Table 1.4: Total number of child
Page 42 and 43: 39 Bearing in mind that many of the
Page 44 and 45: 41 children are working in mines in
Page 46 and 47: 43 significant problem. A study car
Page 48 and 49: 45 Part II State Reports 1. Karnata
Page 50 and 51: 48 basic healthcare to its populati
Page 52 and 53: 50 Kolar district: Key facts Total
Page 54 and 55:
52 and pursued higher education. Th
Page 56 and 57:
54 has created a peculiar aesthetic
Page 58 and 59:
56 number of children working in th
Page 60 and 61:
58 almost every child is absent for
Page 62 and 63:
60 Table 2.02: Survey on children n
Page 64 and 65:
62 the village were cough, eye infe
Page 66 and 67:
65 Maharashtra State Overview Mahar
Page 68 and 69:
67 154 are in Maharashtra (making i
Page 70 and 71:
69 poverty, (ii) education, (iii) h
Page 72 and 73:
71 Quarry is a very big area spread
Page 74 and 75:
73 family works as a unit and manag
Page 76 and 77:
75 Table 2.06: Class-wise distribut
Page 78 and 79:
77 Children in stone quarries hit b
Page 80 and 81:
80 Literacy levels are also poor in
Page 82 and 83:
82 and quarrying in the state. Of t
Page 84 and 85:
84 Follow up interviews were carrie
Page 86 and 87:
86 At Thumbli village, residents ex
Page 88 and 89:
88 usually not strong enough to car
Page 90 and 91:
90 Inadequate Health Facilities Sev
Page 92 and 93:
92 Many of the Workers in the Mines
Page 94 and 95:
94 that 296,979 children aged betwe
Page 96 and 97:
96 This case study covered two mine
Page 98 and 99:
98 Traditional Forest Dwellers (Rec
Page 100 and 101:
100 in the mine sites ekeing out a
Page 102 and 103:
102 Conclusions Panna, once a rich
Page 104 and 105:
104 Commission, Government of India
Page 106 and 107:
106 The top five most mined distric
Page 108 and 109:
108 There are several other content
Page 110 and 111:
110 Table 2.11: Enrolment of childr
Page 112 and 113:
112 companies for their power plant
Page 114 and 115:
115 Jharkhand State Overview The st
Page 116 and 117:
117 population who live in these fo
Page 118 and 119:
119 around coal, but to also provid
Page 120 and 121:
121 Status of Anganwadi Centres and
Page 122 and 123:
123 due to multiple government duti
Page 124 and 125:
125 Uranium Corporation of India Li
Page 126 and 127:
128 farming and forestry. It is the
Page 128 and 129:
130 attendance at birth, the high p
Page 130 and 131:
132 were displaced for mining proje
Page 132 and 133:
134 the impacts are visibly evident
Page 134 and 135:
136 for construction and other indu
Page 136 and 137:
138 Table 2.17: School enrolment da
Page 138 and 139:
140 village also complained of cont
Page 140 and 141:
142 about the status of children in
Page 142 and 143:
144 exposed to the toxicity from th
Page 144 and 145:
146 for labour elsewhere. The prese
Page 146 and 147:
148 State Excesses and Human Rights
Page 148 and 149:
150 Table 2.25: Information collect
Page 150 and 151:
152 The DP Camp is far away from th
Page 152 and 153:
154 Naik and Mr. Prahlad Naid who a
Page 154 and 155:
156 Social Cost of Displacement As
Page 156 and 157:
158 Table 2.32: Comparative village
Page 158 and 159:
160 Rajabandha also has a low cost
Page 160 and 161:
162 on land to be acquired in some
Page 162 and 163:
165 Andhra Pradesh State Overview T
Page 164 and 165:
167 Mining in Andhra Pradesh Almost
Page 166 and 167:
169 small areas where there are qua
Page 168 and 169:
171 other families also working in
Page 170 and 171:
173 Nature of Quarry Work Tradition
Page 172 and 173:
175 Conclusions The three micro-lev
Page 174 and 175:
Part III Summary and Recommendation
Page 176 and 177:
180 Whose Child is India’s Mining
Page 178 and 179:
182 attention on child labour issue
Page 180 and 181:
184 are not working in the mines.
Page 182 and 183:
186 proposed to be the basis of th
Page 184 and 185:
188 explored, clear design and work
Page 186 and 187:
OUR EXPERIENCE WITH THE RIGHT TO IN
Page 188 and 189:
193 Andhra Pradesh areas. Appr
Page 190 and 191:
195 Tamil Nadu Orissa informati
Page 192 and 193:
197 compensation for land and R
Page 194 and 195:
Annexures
Page 196 and 197:
200 Karnataka The tables below give
Page 198 and 199:
202 Drop-out children brought back
Page 200 and 201:
205 Glossary Adivasi: The term used
Page 202 and 203:
207 and educational development. Pa
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