Children - Terre des Hommes

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167 Mining in Andhra Pradesh Almost all the important minerals are produced in Andhra Pradesh. These include coal, limestone, barytes, dolomite, felspar, iron ore, manganese ore, silica sand, ball clay, laterite and mica (crude). 300 Youth help in loading activities at the quarry sites Andhra Pradesh is heavily mined as it claims the third position among the states in the country with a contribution of 9.1 per cent to the total value of the mineral production. The number of recorded mines appears to be fluctuating over the years—415 mines in 2006-07, 372 in 2007-08 and 406 in 2008-09 301 . However, the actual number of mines is likely to be significantly higher as illegal mining is endemic across the state. Between 2006 and June 2009 alone the Ministry of Mines has recorded 411 instances of illegal mining. Illegal mining is not limited to the iron ore industry in the Anantapur district but appears to be a common practice in several other districts of the state 302 . There is no exact estimate on the entire area under mining or for the total amount of forest land diverted for mining in the state, but it is estimated that 206,250 ha are currently under mining and that between 1980 and 2008, 18,178.55 ha of forest land was diverted for mining 303 . In 2004-05 alone Andhra Pradesh produced about Rs. 6,200 crore worth of minerals, accounting for about 8 per cent of the total value of minerals produced in the country. The value of minerals has increased significantly over the last two decades and the value of mineral production across the state at Rs.9,841 crores in 2007-08 was higher by about 14 per cent compared to the previous year 304 . Despite huge profits generated by the mining industry, the contribution of mining to the state’s revenue remains little as the state collected about 864 crore as royalty from minerals in 2004-05 which accounted for only 3 per cent of total revenue receipts in the state. Half a million people are estimated to be employed in the mining sector, a number that is likely to be much higher if we consider workers employed in the numerous illegal mining sites 305 . Visakhapatnam district: Key facts Total population: 3,832,336 (Census 2001) Population (0–14 years): 850, 611 (Census 2001) Literacy rate: Total 60 per cent Male 69.68 per cent Female 50.12 per cent (Census 2001) Percentage of out-of-school children (6–14 years): 3.1 per cent (ASER 2008) Percentage of children enrolled in AWC or pre-school (3–4 years): 98.3 per cent (ASER 2008) Number of child labour (5–14 years): 51,536 (Census of India 2001) Under five mortality rate (ranking): 153 out of 593 districts surveyed (Jansankhya Sthirata Kosh) 300 Ministry of Mines: Annual Report 2008-09 301 Ibid 302 http://www.expressbuzz.com/edition/story.aspx?Title=Andhra+tops+list+in+illegal+mining&artid=YUcRSNuCQA0=&SectionID=e7uPP4%7CpSiw=&MainSectio nID=e7uPP4%7CpSiw=&SectionName=EH8HilNJ2uYAot5nzqumeA==&SEO=illegal%20mining,%20andhra,%20OMC,%20janardhan%20reddy, 303 Centre for Science and Environment, “Rich Land Poor People: Is Sustainable Mining Possible?” and Forest Land Diverted for Mining by Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF) in India (25.10.1980 to 30.09.2008) 304 Ministry of Mines: Annual Report 2008-09 305 Centre for Science and Environment, “Rich Land Poor People: Is Sustainable Mining Possible?”
168 Cuddapah district: Key facts Total population: 1,283,704 (Census 2001) Population (0–14 years): 285,324 (Census 2001) Literacy rate: Children in Stone Quarries Total 63 per cent Male 75.83 per cent Female 49.54 per cent (Census 2001) Percentage of out-of-school children (6–14 years): 2.1 per cent (ASER 2008) Percentage of children enrolled in AWC or pre-school (3–4 years): 86.6 per cent (ASER 2008) Number of child labour (5–14 years): 312,391 (Census of India 2001) Under five mortality rate (ranking): Chittoor district: Key facts 92 out of 593 districts surveyed (Jansankhya Sthirata Kosh) Total population: 3,745,875 (Census 2001) Population (0–14 years): 791, 554 (Census 2001) Literacy rate: Total 67 per cent Male 77.62 per cent Female 55.76 per cent (Census 2001) Percentage of out-of-school children (6–14 years): 1.9 per cent (ASER 2008) Percentage of children enrolled in AWC or pre-school (3–4 years): 84.9 per cent (ASER 2008) Number of child labour (5–14 years): 46, 841 (Census of India 2001) Under five mortality rate (ranking): 79 out of 593 districts surveyed (Jansankhya Sthirata Kosh) Nirmala, from Vaddi community in Chittoor district, is 9 years old and had to drop out of school while studying class IV. Both her parents were quarry workers. Her mother died due to TB and her father is too ill to earn a living. The family is now dependent on the son who is 16 years old and a daughter who is 15. The family also has to take care of the grandparents who are above 80 years of age. While the two older children work in the stone factory and quarry, Nirmala and her younger brother, had to drop out of school to take care of their father and grandparents and to take responsibility for cooking and other domestic work. Source: Interview with family in T. Vadduru village, Palamaneru, June 2009 Minor minerals have a major role in the mining activities in Andhra Pradesh. The state has both major minerals like coal, bauxite, limestone and manganese. Particularly coal and bauxite Teenager working in the quarry for the last few years are primarily in the adivasi belt in the northern and northeastern regions of the state while most of the minor minerals and quarries are found in the southern region of Rayalaseema in Andhra Pradesh. Due to the location of these quarries, the Rayalaseema region also has a number of cement factories. This study was undertaken as three micro level studies in Cuddapah, Chittoor and Visakhapatnam districts in very
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India’s Childhood in the "Pits" A
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iii Acknowledgements This report, c
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Table of Contents About the Study 3
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4 List of states and districts visi
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6 However, closer observation of th
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8 In addition, almost all work perf
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10 Impacts Children are affected di
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12 is mandatory and this must be
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15 National Overview Mining has imp
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17 Table 1.2: Number of illegal min
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19 Table 1.3: Key indicators in min
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21 migrate to plain areas or are co
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23 had no land to start with and wo
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25 Although there is no data to sho
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27 2,055 children enrolled in Santu
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29 we will eat tomorrow,” said a
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31 GURIA is a dark-eyed little girl
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33 Serious health problems have alr
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35 In several districts of Rajastha
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37 Table 1.4: Total number of child
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39 Bearing in mind that many of the
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41 children are working in mines in
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43 significant problem. A study car
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45 Part II State Reports 1. Karnata
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48 basic healthcare to its populati
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50 Kolar district: Key facts Total
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52 and pursued higher education. Th
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54 has created a peculiar aesthetic
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56 number of children working in th
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58 almost every child is absent for
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60 Table 2.02: Survey on children n
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62 the village were cough, eye infe
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65 Maharashtra State Overview Mahar
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67 154 are in Maharashtra (making i
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69 poverty, (ii) education, (iii) h
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71 Quarry is a very big area spread
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73 family works as a unit and manag
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75 Table 2.06: Class-wise distribut
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77 Children in stone quarries hit b
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80 Literacy levels are also poor in
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82 and quarrying in the state. Of t
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84 Follow up interviews were carrie
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86 At Thumbli village, residents ex
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88 usually not strong enough to car
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90 Inadequate Health Facilities Sev
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92 Many of the Workers in the Mines
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94 that 296,979 children aged betwe
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96 This case study covered two mine
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98 Traditional Forest Dwellers (Rec
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100 in the mine sites ekeing out a
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102 Conclusions Panna, once a rich
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104 Commission, Government of India
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106 The top five most mined distric
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108 There are several other content
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110 Table 2.11: Enrolment of childr
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112 companies for their power plant
Page 114 and 115: 115 Jharkhand State Overview The st
Page 116 and 117: 117 population who live in these fo
Page 118 and 119: 119 around coal, but to also provid
Page 120 and 121: 121 Status of Anganwadi Centres and
Page 122 and 123: 123 due to multiple government duti
Page 124 and 125: 125 Uranium Corporation of India Li
Page 126 and 127: 128 farming and forestry. It is the
Page 128 and 129: 130 attendance at birth, the high p
Page 130 and 131: 132 were displaced for mining proje
Page 132 and 133: 134 the impacts are visibly evident
Page 134 and 135: 136 for construction and other indu
Page 136 and 137: 138 Table 2.17: School enrolment da
Page 138 and 139: 140 village also complained of cont
Page 140 and 141: 142 about the status of children in
Page 142 and 143: 144 exposed to the toxicity from th
Page 144 and 145: 146 for labour elsewhere. The prese
Page 146 and 147: 148 State Excesses and Human Rights
Page 148 and 149: 150 Table 2.25: Information collect
Page 150 and 151: 152 The DP Camp is far away from th
Page 152 and 153: 154 Naik and Mr. Prahlad Naid who a
Page 154 and 155: 156 Social Cost of Displacement As
Page 156 and 157: 158 Table 2.32: Comparative village
Page 158 and 159: 160 Rajabandha also has a low cost
Page 160 and 161: 162 on land to be acquired in some
Page 162 and 163: 165 Andhra Pradesh State Overview T
Page 166 and 167: 169 small areas where there are qua
Page 168 and 169: 171 other families also working in
Page 170 and 171: 173 Nature of Quarry Work Tradition
Page 172 and 173: 175 Conclusions The three micro-lev
Page 174 and 175: Part III Summary and Recommendation
Page 176 and 177: 180 Whose Child is India’s Mining
Page 178 and 179: 182 attention on child labour issue
Page 180 and 181: 184 are not working in the mines.
Page 182 and 183: 186 proposed to be the basis of th
Page 184 and 185: 188 explored, clear design and work
Page 186 and 187: OUR EXPERIENCE WITH THE RIGHT TO IN
Page 188 and 189: 193 Andhra Pradesh areas. Appr
Page 190 and 191: 195 Tamil Nadu Orissa informati
Page 192 and 193: 197 compensation for land and R
Page 194 and 195: Annexures
Page 196 and 197: 200 Karnataka The tables below give
Page 198 and 199: 202 Drop-out children brought back
Page 200 and 201: 205 Glossary Adivasi: The term used
Page 202 and 203: 207 and educational development. Pa
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Children - Terre des Hommes

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