Children - Terre des Hommes
Children - Terre des Hommes Children - Terre des Hommes
165 Andhra Pradesh State Overview The total population of Andhra Pradesh in 2001 was 76,210,007 of which almost 70 per cent live in rural area. Of the total population 5,024,104 constitute STs and 12,339,496 are from the SC community. 280 In terms of economic growth in comparison to all India and the other states, it is seen that the GSDP growth rate for Andhra Pradesh also rose beyond the earlier low rates during the last two and half decades. The growth rate of Andhra Pradesh was lower than the all-India rate but has been catching up with time. The average growth rate was 8.7 per cent during 2004-08. Presently, for the year 2007-08, the annual average growth in Andhra Pradesh is higher than the all-India average. 281 Andhra Pradesh was among the very few states in the country, which experienced the Green Revolution, especially in respect of rice, in the 1970s. Agriculture plays an important role in the economy of the state. The share of agriculture is higher in employment and GSDP is higher when compared to all other states. 282 The contribution of the non-agricultural sector to the total GSDP has been increasing continuously over a period in the state as well as all-India. It has increased from 50 per cent in the 1960s to 79 per cent in 2005-06. 283 According to recent NSSO (2004-05), it is estimated that around half the population of Andhra Pradesh is reportedly working. Andhra Pradesh was the second highest among the Indian states in agricultural services, with 62.3 per cent of state population engaged in agricultural work 284 . Andhra Pradesh provides maximum employment in rural sector (13.14 per cent of total number of employed) 285 IT is the fastest growing component in the service sector. At present, Andhra Pradesh is ranked fourth in software exports after Karnataka, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. The state capital Hyderabad is the major destination for IT companies 286 . Andhra Pradesh has substantial number of migrant population. According to census 2001, about 2.3 crore people, in the state, are migrants. Andhra Pradesh remains one of the three least literate states of India. Total literacy rate of Andhra Pradesh is 60.47 per cent. By gender, 70.32 per cent of men and 50.43 per cent of women are literate. Literacy rate among rural women is very low, only 43.5 per cent of rural women are literate. Women’s literacy among SC and STs is especially low at 43.4 per cent and 34.8 per cent respectively. Sex ratio of Andhra Pradesh is 978 females to 1,000 males. Vital rates, including infant and perinatal mortality rates remain high across the state when compared to other southern states, particularly in rural areas. Malnutrition, anaemia and the growing number of HIV infections continue to represent major public health challenges in the state. Malaria is considered as a major challenge. It is estimated that around 160,000 people are also suffering 280 Census of India 281 Human Development Report Andhra Pradesh 2007 282 Ibid 283 Ibid 284 Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2002-03, Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Planning Department, Govt. of Maharashtra 285 The Financial Express, URL http://www.financialexpress.com/printer/news/316250/ 286 Human Development Report Andhra Pradesh 2007
166 from TB in the state and the state accounts for 10 per cent of the TB related deaths in the country. 287 HIV infection across Andhra Pradesh is also extremely high as it is estimated that the state accounts for around 22 per cent of the HIV positive persons in India. According to the estimates given by National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO), of the total number of 103,857 AIDS cases reported in the country till 31 July 2005, as many as 11,280 cases, accounting for nearly 11 per cent, are from Andhra Pradesh and so far, the state has recorded 739 AIDS related deaths. 288 Nearly 39.91 per cent families in the state are below the poverty line, which is better than the all India average of 41.23 per cent 289 . On the other hand alternative estimates made by independent researchers show that the poverty rate in the state is closer to the all India pattern i.e. 26 per cent in rural areas and 12 per cent in urban areas 290 . The Sachar Committee Report 2006 provides different levels of poverty for different groups. In their estimates SCs/STs together are the most poor. Status of Children According to Census 2001 there were 17,713,764 children aged 14 years and under and 25,293,728 in the age group of 5-19 years, in Andhra Pradesh. Official statistics give the gross drop-out rate of the state as 43.03 per cent—42.62 per cent for boys and 43.46 per cent for girls. The government statistics of Andhra Pradesh reveal that close to a million children in the age group 6–14 years are out of school 291 . According to the estimation of Pratham’s ASER 2008 survey, 3.4 per cent children of the same age group are out of school and around 12.1 per cent children between 3 and 4 years of age are not enrolled in any anganwadi centre or pre-school. 292 According to the Census 2001, there were 1,363,339 children aged between 5 and 14 and 4,504,471 children aged between 5 and 19 years working as child labour in Andhra Pradesh. Census report also shows that 11,660 children aged between 5 and 14 years and 37,586 children between 5 and 19 years are working only in the mining and quarrying sector and 7,760 children are working in hazardous occupation 293 . In Andhra Pradesh the total number of children covered under NCLP is 50,921. 294 IMR of the state in 2005-06 was estimated at 54 per 1,000 live births and the under five mortality is 63 per 1,000 live births. Infant mortality in rural areas of Andhra Pradesh is almost double that in urban area. In the first year of life, girls in Andhra Pradesh face a lower risk of mortality than boys; but between the age of one and five, girls have a slightly higher mortality rate. 295 Malnutrition is a huge problem in the state as almost half of the children show signs of prolonged malnourishment; 43 per cent of children under the age of 5 years are stunted. Children in rural areas are more likely to be undernourished and in the case of girls the likelihood of undernourishment is relatively higher than that of boys. 296 High rate of malnutrition has also been seen among the children of migrant labours. Most of the children of the migrant labours are underweight and have spots on their faces. 297 In Andhra Pradesh prevalence of anaemia among the age group of 6–15 months is very high (more than 70 per cent). 298 Andhra Pradesh has a very high rate of child trafficking and accounts for 40 per cent of the total cases. 26 per cent of women or girls enter into the trade between the ages of 14–16 years, 20 per cent between the age of 16–18 years and 16 per cent before the age of 14. 299 287 http://www.whoindia.org/en/section3/section123.htm 288 Human Development Report Andhra Pradesh 2007 289 Rajya Sabha Unstarred Question no. 2688, dated 8.8.2001 290 Deaton (2000, 2001) estimates unit prices for different states for the years 1987-88, 1993-94 and 1999-00 using the NSS data. 291 Human Development Report Andhra Pradesh 2007 292 Pratham’s ASER 2008 survey 293 Rajya Sabha Unstarred Question no. 2691, dated 9.8.2000 294 Annual report 2001-02, Ministry of Labour, Govt of India 295 NFHS-3 296 Human Development Report Andhra Pradesh 2007 297 The Hindu, Andhra Pradesh, Monday 16 November 2009 298 NFHS-3 299 Human Development Report Andhra Pradesh 2007
- Page 112 and 113: 112 companies for their power plant
- Page 114 and 115: 115 Jharkhand State Overview The st
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- Page 148 and 149: 150 Table 2.25: Information collect
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- Page 152 and 153: 154 Naik and Mr. Prahlad Naid who a
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- Page 158 and 159: 160 Rajabandha also has a low cost
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165<br />
Andhra Pra<strong>des</strong>h<br />
State Overview<br />
The total population of Andhra Pra<strong>des</strong>h in 2001 was<br />
76,210,007 of which almost 70 per cent live in rural area.<br />
Of the total population 5,024,104 constitute STs and<br />
12,339,496 are from the SC community. 280 In terms of<br />
economic growth in comparison to all India and the other<br />
states, it is seen that the GSDP growth rate for Andhra<br />
Pra<strong>des</strong>h also rose beyond the earlier low rates during the<br />
last two and half deca<strong>des</strong>. The growth rate of Andhra<br />
Pra<strong>des</strong>h was lower than the all-India rate but has been<br />
catching up with time. The average growth rate was 8.7 per<br />
cent during 2004-08. Presently, for the year 2007-08, the<br />
annual average growth in Andhra Pra<strong>des</strong>h is higher than<br />
the all-India average. 281<br />
Andhra Pra<strong>des</strong>h was among the very few states in the<br />
country, which experienced the Green Revolution,<br />
especially in respect of rice, in the 1970s. Agriculture plays<br />
an important role in the economy of the state. The share of<br />
agriculture is higher in employment and GSDP is higher<br />
when compared to all other states. 282 The contribution of<br />
the non-agricultural sector to the total GSDP has been<br />
increasing continuously over a period in the state as well as<br />
all-India. It has increased from 50 per cent in the 1960s to<br />
79 per cent in 2005-06. 283<br />
According to recent NSSO (2004-05), it is estimated that<br />
around half the population of Andhra Pra<strong>des</strong>h is reportedly<br />
working. Andhra Pra<strong>des</strong>h was the second highest among<br />
the Indian states in agricultural services, with 62.3 per<br />
cent of state population engaged in agricultural work 284 .<br />
Andhra Pra<strong>des</strong>h provi<strong>des</strong> maximum employment in rural<br />
sector (13.14 per cent of total number of employed) 285<br />
IT is the fastest growing component in the service sector.<br />
At present, Andhra Pra<strong>des</strong>h is ranked fourth in software<br />
exports after Karnataka, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu.<br />
The state capital Hyderabad is the major <strong>des</strong>tination for<br />
IT companies 286 . Andhra Pra<strong>des</strong>h has substantial number<br />
of migrant population. According to census 2001, about<br />
2.3 crore people, in the state, are migrants.<br />
Andhra Pra<strong>des</strong>h remains one of the three least literate<br />
states of India. Total literacy rate of Andhra Pra<strong>des</strong>h is<br />
60.47 per cent. By gender, 70.32 per cent of men and 50.43<br />
per cent of women are literate. Literacy rate among rural<br />
women is very low, only 43.5 per cent of rural women are<br />
literate. Women’s literacy among SC and STs is especially<br />
low at 43.4 per cent and 34.8 per cent respectively. Sex<br />
ratio of Andhra Pra<strong>des</strong>h is 978 females to 1,000 males.<br />
Vital rates, including infant and perinatal mortality rates<br />
remain high across the state when compared to other<br />
southern states, particularly in rural areas. Malnutrition,<br />
anaemia and the growing number of HIV infections<br />
continue to represent major public health challenges in<br />
the state. Malaria is considered as a major challenge. It is<br />
estimated that around 160,000 people are also suffering<br />
280 Census of India<br />
281 Human Development Report Andhra Pra<strong>des</strong>h 2007<br />
282 Ibid<br />
283 Ibid<br />
284 Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2002-03, Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Planning Department, Govt. of Maharashtra<br />
285 The Financial Express, URL http://www.financialexpress.com/printer/news/316250/<br />
286 Human Development Report Andhra Pra<strong>des</strong>h 2007
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