Children - Terre des Hommes

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156 Social Cost of Displacement As seen in Salarapentha and Madrangajodi villages, those who lost land only received cash compensation ranging between Rs.2 and 10 lakhs, depending on the type of land lost. In most of the places the villagers complained that they received only between Rs.60,000 and Rs.70,000 as compensation. However, this compensation did not enable them to purchase new land and they have ended up as manual labour in the mines. Almost all of them are below the poverty line but many do not hold BPL cards or NREGA cards due to the negligence of the revenue officials in issuing cards to them. Tikarapada village, having a population of 1,200, is one of the worst affected villages due to the mining activities in the area. Most of the villagers, who are STs, used to depend on agriculture and forestry as their main occupation. Almost all the families in this village lost their agricultural land for mining, and today they are forced to work as daily wage labour for the mining contractors. Their economic condition is deplorable because of which their children have dropped out of school and are also involved in mine labour activities. Displacement has forced many youth of the villages to shift to mine labour work. The influence of external migrant population like truck drivers (where about 60,000 trucks ply in the area each day), has led to social disturbance among the adivasi youth who were not vulnerable to addictions like alcohol, gutka and crimes like theft and pick-pocketing, prior to mining. This has changed the social cohesion of the adivasi communities in the young generation. The village Salarapentha is situated in the heart of five big mine processing factories and crushers. The village has not only been badly affected by mining but has also not received any development facilities or basic amenities. Most of the villagers had sold their land to the mining companies at very low prices. The villagers expressed that they hardly got Rs. 1,500 per decimal of land. At least 80–100 acres of land of the villages are under the mining companies. Madrangajodi village is situated in the hilly part of the district and has vast forest cover and mineral resources. Mining companies have acquired 20–30 acres of land from here and converted them into mine labour. However, the workers are paid only Rs.2,000 per month as salary after losing their lands. Thus, most of the local people who lost land were promised employment, but the situation is more or less similar to that of Madrangajodi village. On one side, the socio-economic condition of the villagers is below the poverty line, but on the other side, government programmes like widow pensions, BPL cards or NREGA do not reach the community. Only 15–20 women are able to get the widow pension and a few families have BPL ration cards. Another major problem of the village is alcohol. As mining companies are hand in glove with the police and excise personnel, they have many liquor shops in the area, thus making the community and workers vulnerable to alcohol. Here it was found that not only men, women and young girls are also addicted, due to the heavy work load in the mines. Impact of Mining on Primary Education of <strong>Children</strong> in the Region: Implications on Child Labour Following tables give population and other details of villages covered under the study, both from Census sources as well as from field interviews. The increase in population in the primary data could be due to the fact that it is almost 10 years since the census data was collected. The Census 2001 data, the school enrolment data from the DISE cards and the school drop out rates from primary data show that a considerable number of children are out of school and working in various forms of child labour. For example, in Bolani village there are 650–700 children under 18 years as per local communities but the school enrolment for this village is only 480, which implies that at least 100–150 children are out of school. Khasia has a minor population of 700 but the enrolment data only gives 143 children. There are only 78 children enrolled in Tanto village whereas, the under 18 population is around 250. As in other places, some children are also attending schools and working in the informal activities, part time. The census data shows that majority of the children are from ST communities, with the SC children being the next largest in number. Table 2.30 provi<strong>des</strong> Census 2001 data and Table 2.31 gives primary data collected on population. Table 2.32 gives comparative information on primary data collected and DISE report card 2008.
157 Table 2.30: Village data from Census 2001, Keonjhar Sl Name of Total Total Population Sex-wise Total population based no. the village households on caste Male Female 1. Bolani 305 1,562 811 751 SC-137, M-71, F-65, ST, M-591, F-576 2 Kasia 295 1,301 646 655 SC-207, M-124, F-83, ST-848, M-416, F-432 3 Tanto 115 535 276 259 SC, M-9, F-9 ST, M-238, F-229 4 Thakurani 61 318 162 156 ST-266, M-136, F-130 5 Dobuna 263 1,140 564 576 SC-289, M-121, F-168 ST-499, M-250, F-249 6 Bada Kalamati 163 663 346 317 SC-69, M-39, F-30, ST-435, M-221, F-214 7 Joda 90 433 228 205 SC-2, M-1, F-1, ST-312, M-156, F-156 Source: Census 2001 Table 2.31: Some tentative figures for population, Keonjhar Sl Name of the Total house- Total Sex-wise Total population Sex-wise no. village holds Population under 18 years Male Female Male Female 1 Bolani 350 1,600 800 700 650–700 350 300 2 Kasia 350 1,700 950 1,050 700–750 450 300 3 Tanto 135 700 370 330 250 150 100 4 Thakurani 100 500 250 250 200 100 100 5 Dobuna 350 1,300–1,350 700 650 350 200 150 6 BadaKalamati 190-200 800–850 450 400 350 200 150 7 Joda 120 600–700 350 300 300 200 100 Source: Field visit July 2009; data of the above are mainly based on the opinion of the villagers and may be approximate figures Mining activities have certainly had a serious negative impact on the education of the children, and the primary and secondary data available for this region substantiate this situation.
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India’s Childhood in the "Pits" A
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iii Acknowledgements This report, c
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Table of Contents About the Study 3
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4 List of states and districts visi
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6 However, closer observation of th
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8 In addition, almost all work perf
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10 Impacts Children are affected di
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12 is mandatory and this must be
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15 National Overview Mining has imp
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17 Table 1.2: Number of illegal min
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19 Table 1.3: Key indicators in min
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21 migrate to plain areas or are co
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23 had no land to start with and wo
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25 Although there is no data to sho
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27 2,055 children enrolled in Santu
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29 we will eat tomorrow,” said a
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31 GURIA is a dark-eyed little girl
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33 Serious health problems have alr
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35 In several districts of Rajastha
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37 Table 1.4: Total number of child
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39 Bearing in mind that many of the
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41 children are working in mines in
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43 significant problem. A study car
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45 Part II State Reports 1. Karnata
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48 basic healthcare to its populati
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50 Kolar district: Key facts Total
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52 and pursued higher education. Th
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54 has created a peculiar aesthetic
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56 number of children working in th
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58 almost every child is absent for
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60 Table 2.02: Survey on children n
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62 the village were cough, eye infe
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65 Maharashtra State Overview Mahar
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67 154 are in Maharashtra (making i
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69 poverty, (ii) education, (iii) h
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71 Quarry is a very big area spread
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73 family works as a unit and manag
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75 Table 2.06: Class-wise distribut
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77 Children in stone quarries hit b
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80 Literacy levels are also poor in
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82 and quarrying in the state. Of t
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84 Follow up interviews were carrie
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86 At Thumbli village, residents ex
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88 usually not strong enough to car
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90 Inadequate Health Facilities Sev
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92 Many of the Workers in the Mines
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94 that 296,979 children aged betwe
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96 This case study covered two mine
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98 Traditional Forest Dwellers (Rec
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100 in the mine sites ekeing out a
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102 Conclusions Panna, once a rich
Page 104 and 105: 104 Commission, Government of India
Page 106 and 107: 106 The top five most mined distric
Page 108 and 109: 108 There are several other content
Page 110 and 111: 110 Table 2.11: Enrolment of childr
Page 112 and 113: 112 companies for their power plant
Page 114 and 115: 115 Jharkhand State Overview The st
Page 116 and 117: 117 population who live in these fo
Page 118 and 119: 119 around coal, but to also provid
Page 120 and 121: 121 Status of Anganwadi Centres and
Page 122 and 123: 123 due to multiple government duti
Page 124 and 125: 125 Uranium Corporation of India Li
Page 126 and 127: 128 farming and forestry. It is the
Page 128 and 129: 130 attendance at birth, the high p
Page 130 and 131: 132 were displaced for mining proje
Page 132 and 133: 134 the impacts are visibly evident
Page 134 and 135: 136 for construction and other indu
Page 136 and 137: 138 Table 2.17: School enrolment da
Page 138 and 139: 140 village also complained of cont
Page 140 and 141: 142 about the status of children in
Page 142 and 143: 144 exposed to the toxicity from th
Page 144 and 145: 146 for labour elsewhere. The prese
Page 146 and 147: 148 State Excesses and Human Rights
Page 148 and 149: 150 Table 2.25: Information collect
Page 150 and 151: 152 The DP Camp is far away from th
Page 152 and 153: 154 Naik and Mr. Prahlad Naid who a
Page 156 and 157: 158 Table 2.32: Comparative village
Page 158 and 159: 160 Rajabandha also has a low cost
Page 160 and 161: 162 on land to be acquired in some
Page 162 and 163: 165 Andhra Pradesh State Overview T
Page 164 and 165: 167 Mining in Andhra Pradesh Almost
Page 166 and 167: 169 small areas where there are qua
Page 168 and 169: 171 other families also working in
Page 170 and 171: 173 Nature of Quarry Work Tradition
Page 172 and 173: 175 Conclusions The three micro-lev
Page 174 and 175: Part III Summary and Recommendation
Page 176 and 177: 180 Whose Child is India’s Mining
Page 178 and 179: 182 attention on child labour issue
Page 180 and 181: 184 are not working in the mines.
Page 182 and 183: 186 proposed to be the basis of th
Page 184 and 185: 188 explored, clear design and work
Page 186 and 187: OUR EXPERIENCE WITH THE RIGHT TO IN
Page 188 and 189: 193 Andhra Pradesh areas. Appr
Page 190 and 191: 195 Tamil Nadu Orissa informati
Page 192 and 193: 197 compensation for land and R
Page 194 and 195: Annexures
Page 196 and 197: 200 Karnataka The tables below give
Page 198 and 199: 202 Drop-out children brought back
Page 200 and 201: 205 Glossary Adivasi: The term used
Page 202 and 203: 207 and educational development. Pa
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