Children - Terre des Hommes

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138 Table 2.17: School enrolment data District Sub-district Village Total enrolment SC ST OBC Others Koraput Damanjodi Amalabadi 44 9 24 0 0 Koraput Champapadar 28 0 4 0 0 Kakiriguma Goudaguda 176 14 59 0 0 Others=Repeaters, CWSN and Muslim Note: Discrepencies in totals exist but the data is as given in the DISE report card Source: DISE report card, September 2008 Table 2.18: Educational institutions in the area Name of the village No of primary schools No of high schools No of colleges Amalabadi 1 0 0 Champapadar 1 0 0 Damanjodi 6 2 1 Goudaguda 1 0 0 Janiguda 1 0 0 Marchimala 1 0 0 Source: Local community leaders (figures are approximate based on people’s statements) In Janiguda village, there is one primary cum upper primary school but they do not function properly. Table 2.18 gives an indication of educational institutions. Status of <strong>Children</strong> in Anganwadis and Malnourishment At Paraja street anganwadi, which was one of the three anganwadi centres in Goudaguda, it was reported by the worker that of the 51 children enrolled, 10 children within the age group of 0–5 year are within normal range, whereas 11 children suffer from grade III malnutrition, 12 children from grade II and, the rest of the children are in the category of absolute malnutrition. Here it was also reported that, at the time of the study, the total number of neonatal delivery cases at the centre were three and total number of pregnant women were three. Very few children attend the anganwadi regularly as facilities are almost negligent. Except for occasional health camps by NALCO, there are no medical facilities. The anganwadi worker reported that there were cases of TB but could not give the exact number. Table 2.19 gives the enrolment in the anganwadi centre at Paraja street. There is an anganwadi centre in Janiguda but the worker lives in another village and visits the children occasionally. Champapadar village has one anganwadi centre which does not function on a regular basis. Table 2.19: Enrolment at anganwadi centre, Paraja street, Goudaguda Name Total ST SC Boy Girl Boy Girl Boy Girl Paraja street 25 26 19 23 6 3 Source: Anganwadi centre, Goudaguda, Paraja Street
139 Child Labour Child labour is a clear indication of the social and economic status of a community, coupled with the inaccessibility to basic education, the reduced livelihood opportunities and landlessness due to the mining project. All these factors have resulted in more children dropping out of school to supplement their family incomes. Also, the township’s demand for domestic labour has increased the female girl child’s absorption into menial labour as house-maids and domestic help. The youth who were interviewed stated that as they do not qualify for the matriculation examination due to their poor school education, and very few are able to reach college level education, they end up as cleaners and drivers of trucks, ply autos and buses for private contractors or are hired in petty shops and businesses. As 131 families of the Amlabadi DP camp are headed by widows who have no source of income, most of the children of these families are working as manual labour in mining and associated activities. In Marichimala it was reported that 200 male and 100 female children, approximately, were working as child labourers. In Putsil, a handful of children are working in mining and related daily wage activities. In Goudaguda more than 50 children are engaged in wage labour. At Janiguda the villagers reported that the 150 children who had dropped out of school were involved in daily wage labour and agricultural activities. Many of them were seen to be working in hotels, dhabas and petty shops and therefore, it can be estimated that around 500–1,000 children of the project affected areas are working as labourers in the region of Laxmipur, Kakiriguma, Damanjodi town, Koraput, Semiliguda and Potangi. Many youth are also reported to have migrated to the cities of Chennai, Mumbai, Hyderabad and other cities for livelihood. Health and Environment Concerns Child labour outside NALCO township (Photo Samata) There is a high incidence of child labour around the NALCO area although there is no child labour within the company premises. In Mathalput region, close to Damnajodi NALCO township, there is a higher incidence of child labour as it is a settlement of migrant workers. According to the local villagers, there are 500-600 children working in various forms of child labour in Damanjodi. Of these, the majority of the children working are found in Mathalput slum, which is an extension of Damanjodi town. Both boys and girls of the DP camp of Amalabadi and Champapadar, work under contractors. In Champapadar around 30–40 male children below the age of 18 are working under contractors as daily wage labour and 20–30 female children are working as domestic labour or under contractors. In Amalabadi it was reported that around 150 are engaged in various daily wage activities in the mining township and its surrounding area. Air and water pollution are reported to be high, by the local community. The most adversely affected villages are Kutundi, Karadiguda, Bhitarguda, Lachuani and Gouduguda. 267 Water scarcity is one of the major problems faced by the people. Women and children have to walk long distances to collect water. People from these villages stated that due to mining activities, traditional water sources (natural springs) of the Panchpatmali hills have dried up and some of the perennial streams have reduced flow. Hence water for both domestic uses and agriculture has become inaccessible, particularly in summer. Contamination of the water bodies due to drainoff from mine tailings and unsafe sewage disposal due to expansion of the local and migrant population as a result of the mining project is another major problem identified by the people. Therefore water related diseases like diarrhoea and skin problems. Terminal illnesses like cancer were also reported by the community leaders and union members, although this has to be medically verified. Of the 18 employed in the NALCO mines from Putsil village, 10 persons have died and the villagers said that they had been suffering from cancer as understood by them from the reports of NALCO hospital. 268 In Janiguda village 30–40 cases of TB were detected among daily wage labourers, during the study. The 267. Statement made by members of NALCO Displaced and Land Loser Employee Association 268. Ibid
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India’s Childhood in the "Pits" A
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iii Acknowledgements This report, c
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Table of Contents About the Study 3
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4 List of states and districts visi
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6 However, closer observation of th
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8 In addition, almost all work perf
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10 Impacts Children are affected di
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12 is mandatory and this must be
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15 National Overview Mining has imp
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17 Table 1.2: Number of illegal min
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19 Table 1.3: Key indicators in min
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21 migrate to plain areas or are co
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23 had no land to start with and wo
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25 Although there is no data to sho
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27 2,055 children enrolled in Santu
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29 we will eat tomorrow,” said a
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31 GURIA is a dark-eyed little girl
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33 Serious health problems have alr
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35 In several districts of Rajastha
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37 Table 1.4: Total number of child
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39 Bearing in mind that many of the
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41 children are working in mines in
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43 significant problem. A study car
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45 Part II State Reports 1. Karnata
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48 basic healthcare to its populati
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50 Kolar district: Key facts Total
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52 and pursued higher education. Th
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54 has created a peculiar aesthetic
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56 number of children working in th
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58 almost every child is absent for
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60 Table 2.02: Survey on children n
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62 the village were cough, eye infe
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65 Maharashtra State Overview Mahar
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67 154 are in Maharashtra (making i
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69 poverty, (ii) education, (iii) h
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71 Quarry is a very big area spread
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73 family works as a unit and manag
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75 Table 2.06: Class-wise distribut
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77 Children in stone quarries hit b
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80 Literacy levels are also poor in
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82 and quarrying in the state. Of t
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84 Follow up interviews were carrie
Page 86 and 87: 86 At Thumbli village, residents ex
Page 88 and 89: 88 usually not strong enough to car
Page 90 and 91: 90 Inadequate Health Facilities Sev
Page 92 and 93: 92 Many of the Workers in the Mines
Page 94 and 95: 94 that 296,979 children aged betwe
Page 96 and 97: 96 This case study covered two mine
Page 98 and 99: 98 Traditional Forest Dwellers (Rec
Page 100 and 101: 100 in the mine sites ekeing out a
Page 102 and 103: 102 Conclusions Panna, once a rich
Page 104 and 105: 104 Commission, Government of India
Page 106 and 107: 106 The top five most mined distric
Page 108 and 109: 108 There are several other content
Page 110 and 111: 110 Table 2.11: Enrolment of childr
Page 112 and 113: 112 companies for their power plant
Page 114 and 115: 115 Jharkhand State Overview The st
Page 116 and 117: 117 population who live in these fo
Page 118 and 119: 119 around coal, but to also provid
Page 120 and 121: 121 Status of Anganwadi Centres and
Page 122 and 123: 123 due to multiple government duti
Page 124 and 125: 125 Uranium Corporation of India Li
Page 126 and 127: 128 farming and forestry. It is the
Page 128 and 129: 130 attendance at birth, the high p
Page 130 and 131: 132 were displaced for mining proje
Page 132 and 133: 134 the impacts are visibly evident
Page 134 and 135: 136 for construction and other indu
Page 138 and 139: 140 village also complained of cont
Page 140 and 141: 142 about the status of children in
Page 142 and 143: 144 exposed to the toxicity from th
Page 144 and 145: 146 for labour elsewhere. The prese
Page 146 and 147: 148 State Excesses and Human Rights
Page 148 and 149: 150 Table 2.25: Information collect
Page 150 and 151: 152 The DP Camp is far away from th
Page 152 and 153: 154 Naik and Mr. Prahlad Naid who a
Page 154 and 155: 156 Social Cost of Displacement As
Page 156 and 157: 158 Table 2.32: Comparative village
Page 158 and 159: 160 Rajabandha also has a low cost
Page 160 and 161: 162 on land to be acquired in some
Page 162 and 163: 165 Andhra Pradesh State Overview T
Page 164 and 165: 167 Mining in Andhra Pradesh Almost
Page 166 and 167: 169 small areas where there are qua
Page 168 and 169: 171 other families also working in
Page 170 and 171: 173 Nature of Quarry Work Tradition
Page 172 and 173: 175 Conclusions The three micro-lev
Page 174 and 175: Part III Summary and Recommendation
Page 176 and 177: 180 Whose Child is India’s Mining
Page 178 and 179: 182 attention on child labour issue
Page 180 and 181: 184 are not working in the mines.
Page 182 and 183: 186 proposed to be the basis of th
Page 184 and 185: 188 explored, clear design and work
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OUR EXPERIENCE WITH THE RIGHT TO IN
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193 Andhra Pradesh areas. Appr
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195 Tamil Nadu Orissa informati
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197 compensation for land and R
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Annexures
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200 Karnataka The tables below give
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202 Drop-out children brought back
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205 Glossary Adivasi: The term used
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207 and educational development. Pa
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