Children - Terre des Hommes

132
were displaced for mining projects in Orissa, 40 per cent
of whom received no form of rehabilitation. 257 More recent
displacement figures from different sources give an idea of
the extent of displacement from mining. Up to the year 2000
the total number of displaced families as a result of mining
is estimated at 15,000 or 11 per cent of total population
displaced. 258 Another source quotes those affected by
development projects in the state in the last decade to be 2
million of which half a million were physically displaced. Of
this 3.37 per cent were as a result of mining. 259
Nearly half the state’s area is under the Fifth Schedule of the
Indian Constitution. Despite this, around 1,019 sq km of
land has already been leased out for mining, most of which is
in Scheduled Areas. 260 In July 2003, a state committee headed
by the Chief Minister of Orissa concluded that the Samatha
Judgment, delivered to protect the rights of adivasis to their
lands in all the Fifth Schedule areas across the country, is
applicable only to Andhra Pradesh and does not apply to
Orissa.
The draft Orissa Resettlement and Rehabilitation Plan
2006 proposes to make displaced people stakeholders in the
industry that displaces them. Although the compensation has
increased from Rs. 37,000 per acre to Rs. 150,000 per acre,
it does not provide them with an alternative employment
guarantee. 261 It also states that it will provide employment,
self-employment training and provision of homestead land
only to displaced families. However, the draft does not make
any mention of those families who are landless. Large sections
of the population, do not own land, but instead make their
living by working on other people’s land.
Some of the adivasis have now moved into mining work
in order to secure a living through wage labour. They have
been forced into this work due to the decrease in available
land. Women are particularly affected by these changes.
Adivasi women are usually the primary actors in agriculture,
responsible for collecting forest produce and for livestock
management. However, once displaced, they can no longer
continue their traditional activities. Studies in Orissa have
shown that the number of unwed mothers has increased in
recent years, as have cases of trafficking, HIV/AIDS and
domestic violence. 262
According to the Census 2001, there were 149,318 people
working in mining and quarrying in Orissa in 2001. Of these,
2,257 were children 14 years and under, and 11,203 were
children 19 years and under. 263 However, the actual number
of child labourers working in mining and quarrying in the
state is likely to be much higher than this.
Koraput district: Key facts
Total population: 1,180,637 (Census 2001)
Population (0–14 years): 423,358 (Census 2001)
Literacy rate:
Total 35.72 per cent
Male 47.20 per cent
Female 24.26 per cent (Census 2001)
Percentage of out-of-school children (6–14 years): 17 per cent (ASER 2008)
Percentage of children enrolled in AWC or pre-school (3–4 years): 43.1 per cent (ASER 2008)
Number of child labour (5–14 years): 24,010 (Census 2001)
Under five mortality rate (ranking):
540 out of 593 districts surveyed
(Jansankhya Sthirata Kosh)
257. Fernandes, W. and Mohd, A., Development induced Displacement in Orissa 1951 to 1995. A Database on its extent and Nature, 1997.
258. An overview of development projects, displacement and rehabilitation in Orissa. Presentation made by Prof. A.B. Ota, Director Tribal Research Institute,
17 July 2009. URL: http://www.teamorissa.org/Convention_%20Presentations_%20Sessionwise/Session-5/Session5-2%20development%20Project%20
SWOSTI%20PLAZA.Ota.pdf
259. http://joharadivasi.org/industrialization-and-development-discontentment-among-tribals-in-orissa-dr-rajat-kumar-kujur/
260. Kumar K., Dispossessed and displaced: A brief paper on tribal issues in Orissa, Discussion Paper, Vasundhara, Orissa, 2004.
261. Prajna Paramita Mishra, Second Colonialisation: Mining Induced Displacement in Orissa, Research Scholar, CESS, Hyderabad.
262. Ibid.
263. Census of India, 2001