Children - Terre des Hommes

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110 Table 2.11: Enrolment of children in primary and middle school in Tamnar block Group Gender SC ST OBC General Age group 6–11 years (primary school) Boys 639 2,859 1,616 186 Girls 532 2,851 1,518 161 Total 1,171 5,710 3,134 347 Age group 11–14 years (middle school) Boys 304 1322 990 81 Girls 255 1400 910 83 Total 559 2,722 1,900 164 Source: BRC, Sarva Siksha Abhiyan, Tamnar block According to the teachers and the BRC there is no drop-out but it was casually mentioned that 120 children do not attend school as they are physically or visually handicapped. Child Labour Children affected by fluorosis in Mudagaon village, Tamnar block (Photo November 2009) This again shows that having been displaced by mining and power projects, local people have also lost their means of any alternate livelihood. Health Problems of Children and Local Communities Due to Mining Activities In every village people complained that children suffered from illnesses due to water contamination. Some of the villages like Milupara are close to the mine sites and hence suffer from both water and air pollution. The most common illnesses reported among the children were malaria, diarrhoea, hydrocele, pneumonia, skin ailments, bronchitis, gastroenteritis, abdominal pains, arthritis, jaundice and other respiratory ailments. Hydrocele is reported to have increased in the last 5 years. The villagers observed that water contamination is affecting reproductive health as children are observed to be Although within the company premises of the large companies there is child labour engaged, the definition of child labour has to be questioned here, because we were informed that many adolescent boys and girls between the age of 15 and 18 work in the peripheral activities related to mining like loading, road construction, as cleaners in trucks and other daily wage labour hired by the local contractors. Besides, very few from the local communities are engaged in mining related work and we were informed that a lot of migrant labour from Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand and Bihar are working in large numbers. The people reported that as migrant labour are less likely to protest or demand, the companies bring labour from outside. Closed PHC Sub center, Khamhariya (Photo November 2009)
111 born either weak or with physical disabilities. The notoriety of mining companies in Chattisgarh, especially the muscle power of the Jindals is well known, so the people are unable to get the authorities to take action on the water contamination due to mining activities. It was reported that in 1998, an adivasi woman, Satyabhama went on a hunger strike to protest against the water contimanation of Kelo river but she was allowed to die with no action taken by the authorities who feared repercussions from the companies. After more than a decade since this incident, smoke from the plants like the chimneys of Raipur Alloys and Monnet Ispat are causing dust allergies and respiratory problems. The people in Kodkel village also reported that the Bendra Nala contains a layer of toxic waste and is creating health problems like diarrhoea, stomach disorders and fevers. Mine accidents and damages to houses due to blasting operations often occurs, according to local people. Women complained that there were a few instances of sexual abuse and hence they fear for the safety of adolescent girls. The children’s population catered to by the PHC at Kodkel is given in Table 2.12. The nurse shared information that there is 5 per cent IMR on record, but stated that in reality this was much higher. Table 2.12: Age-wise distribution of people at Kodkel Public Health Centre Age group Male Female 0–5 years 181 182 6–14 years 149 172 14 and above 1,082 1,126 Total 1,412 1,480 Source: Sub-centre, PHC, Kodkel Malnourished child at Mudagaon village (Photo November 2009) The Blackened Waters of Kelo River On discussions with people, one of the most serious problems expressed was the contamination of the Kelo river which is the only source of water for the people. Raigarh district once acclaimed to be the rice bowl of the state, has been degraded due to over-industrialisation and diversion of the innumerable rivers that flow through Chattisgarh, to serve the needs of private industries. Kelo river was the source of irrigation and drinking water to a large area in the state. However, the Jindals and Monnet Ispat mining activities have contaminated the river with mine tailings. The people in all the villages covered under the study, universally declared that the water of Kelo river cannot be used either for drinking or even for bathing. In the last 3 years, the people have observed how the Kelo river has almost turned black with coal dumping. The people complained that the livestock is also seriously affected due to the water contamination. Besides the depletion of water due to borewells dug up by the The health department personnel at the PHC admitted that there are far more number of patients approaching the centre now than before and this is because of the health problems being created by mining. The women stated that they prefer to have deliveries at home than at the PHC because of the condition of the roads and poor transport. Earlier there were incidents when women delivered on the way to the PHC due to the strenuous journey on these roads. The nurse also mentioned that three out of five women are suffering from anaemia. The health staff reported that fungal infections and hepatitis are on the rise mainly due to infections from polluted water Kelo river in Gare village, life source of an entire region polluted by coal dust (Photo November 2009)
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India’s Childhood in the "Pits" A
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iii Acknowledgements This report, c
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Table of Contents About the Study 3
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4 List of states and districts visi
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6 However, closer observation of th
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8 In addition, almost all work perf
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10 Impacts Children are affected di
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12 is mandatory and this must be
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15 National Overview Mining has imp
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17 Table 1.2: Number of illegal min
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19 Table 1.3: Key indicators in min
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21 migrate to plain areas or are co
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23 had no land to start with and wo
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25 Although there is no data to sho
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27 2,055 children enrolled in Santu
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29 we will eat tomorrow,” said a
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31 GURIA is a dark-eyed little girl
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33 Serious health problems have alr
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35 In several districts of Rajastha
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37 Table 1.4: Total number of child
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39 Bearing in mind that many of the
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41 children are working in mines in
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43 significant problem. A study car
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45 Part II State Reports 1. Karnata
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48 basic healthcare to its populati
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50 Kolar district: Key facts Total
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52 and pursued higher education. Th
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54 has created a peculiar aesthetic
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56 number of children working in th
Page 60 and 61: 58 almost every child is absent for
Page 62 and 63: 60 Table 2.02: Survey on children n
Page 64 and 65: 62 the village were cough, eye infe
Page 66 and 67: 65 Maharashtra State Overview Mahar
Page 68 and 69: 67 154 are in Maharashtra (making i
Page 70 and 71: 69 poverty, (ii) education, (iii) h
Page 72 and 73: 71 Quarry is a very big area spread
Page 74 and 75: 73 family works as a unit and manag
Page 76 and 77: 75 Table 2.06: Class-wise distribut
Page 78 and 79: 77 Children in stone quarries hit b
Page 80 and 81: 80 Literacy levels are also poor in
Page 82 and 83: 82 and quarrying in the state. Of t
Page 84 and 85: 84 Follow up interviews were carrie
Page 86 and 87: 86 At Thumbli village, residents ex
Page 88 and 89: 88 usually not strong enough to car
Page 90 and 91: 90 Inadequate Health Facilities Sev
Page 92 and 93: 92 Many of the Workers in the Mines
Page 94 and 95: 94 that 296,979 children aged betwe
Page 96 and 97: 96 This case study covered two mine
Page 98 and 99: 98 Traditional Forest Dwellers (Rec
Page 100 and 101: 100 in the mine sites ekeing out a
Page 102 and 103: 102 Conclusions Panna, once a rich
Page 104 and 105: 104 Commission, Government of India
Page 106 and 107: 106 The top five most mined distric
Page 108 and 109: 108 There are several other content
Page 112 and 113: 112 companies for their power plant
Page 114 and 115: 115 Jharkhand State Overview The st
Page 116 and 117: 117 population who live in these fo
Page 118 and 119: 119 around coal, but to also provid
Page 120 and 121: 121 Status of Anganwadi Centres and
Page 122 and 123: 123 due to multiple government duti
Page 124 and 125: 125 Uranium Corporation of India Li
Page 126 and 127: 128 farming and forestry. It is the
Page 128 and 129: 130 attendance at birth, the high p
Page 130 and 131: 132 were displaced for mining proje
Page 132 and 133: 134 the impacts are visibly evident
Page 134 and 135: 136 for construction and other indu
Page 136 and 137: 138 Table 2.17: School enrolment da
Page 138 and 139: 140 village also complained of cont
Page 140 and 141: 142 about the status of children in
Page 142 and 143: 144 exposed to the toxicity from th
Page 144 and 145: 146 for labour elsewhere. The prese
Page 146 and 147: 148 State Excesses and Human Rights
Page 148 and 149: 150 Table 2.25: Information collect
Page 150 and 151: 152 The DP Camp is far away from th
Page 152 and 153: 154 Naik and Mr. Prahlad Naid who a
Page 154 and 155: 156 Social Cost of Displacement As
Page 156 and 157: 158 Table 2.32: Comparative village
Page 158 and 159: 160 Rajabandha also has a low cost
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162 on land to be acquired in some
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165 Andhra Pradesh State Overview T
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167 Mining in Andhra Pradesh Almost
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169 small areas where there are qua
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171 other families also working in
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173 Nature of Quarry Work Tradition
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175 Conclusions The three micro-lev
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Part III Summary and Recommendation
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180 Whose Child is India’s Mining
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182 attention on child labour issue
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184 are not working in the mines.
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186 proposed to be the basis of th
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188 explored, clear design and work
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OUR EXPERIENCE WITH THE RIGHT TO IN
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193 Andhra Pradesh areas. Appr
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195 Tamil Nadu Orissa informati
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197 compensation for land and R
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Annexures
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200 Karnataka The tables below give
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202 Drop-out children brought back
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205 Glossary Adivasi: The term used
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207 and educational development. Pa
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Children - Terre des Hommes

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