Children - Terre des Hommes

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102 Conclusions Panna, once a rich adivasi belt, is today ravaged by the greed of the diamonds. Panna is a district of tragic development paradoxes. It is one of the districts that figure in the national statistics for the poorest human development indicators. It has some of the lowest levels of literacy in the country and also lowest health indicators. Panna district has the highest number of malnourished children in the country, according to reports. Yet this district exports diamonds to the world from India and the mineral revenues from diamond alone comprise a substantial per cent of the total revenues from mining. As in South Africa, Sierra Leone and other African countries which supply diamonds to the world market and yet have some of the worst indicators of growth, particularly with respect to children, Panna holds a similar story in India. The case study here showed how selfsufficient adivasi farmers who were involved in subsistence farming and could provide food security for their children, have become landless labourers in the stone quarries and diamond mines. This situation also forced their children to end up in the mines instead of attending school. In most of the anganwadis visited, they are either dysfunctional or their purpose of addressing the nutrition and health of infants, is far from being met. Panna is a glaring example that mining, even in the case of a precious stone like diamond, has serious negative impacts on children’s development. Unless there is official acknowledgement of this and a review of the mining processes in this region and a review of the development policies adopted here, especially with respect to displacement of adivasis for the sake of conservation of wildlife, there is little hope for the future of the children. (Acknowledgements: The above case study was done in partnership with MLPC, Jodhpur which is working for the rights of mine workers in the villages from where the data was collected.)
103 Chhattisgarh State Overview Chhattisgarh, carved out of Madhya Pra<strong>des</strong>h in 2000, ranks tenth amongst India’s states in terms of area and has a population of 20,833,803 156 (which is 2 per cent of India’s population). The GDP of Chhattisgarh for 2006-07 is estimated at Rs. 59,321 crore and, at constant price, it has recorded a growth of 9.41 per cent over 2005-06, which is comparable with the all India growth of 9.6 per cent. 157 Agriculture is the dominant industry in the state, employing around 76 per cent of the total labour for the state. 158 The norm is single cropped and rain-fed agriculture, and with paddy as the main kharif crop, in about 80 per cent of the net sown area, 159 the central plains of Chhattisgarh are known as the ‘rice bowl’ of central India. Chhattisgarh is predominantly rural, with only 20.1 per cent of the population residing in urban areas (the national level is around 28 per cent). 160 The rate of urbanisation in the state is 17.4 per cent as against the national average of 29 per cent. 161 For Chhattisgarh, natural resources are its greatest strength. Some of the key thrust sectors where Chhattisgarh holds advantage over other states are mining, power, cement, iron ore and steel. 162 According to the state government, Chhattisgarh is one of the richest states in India in terms of mineral wealth, with 28 major minerals discovered so far, including diamonds. Chhattisgarh is also currently one of the few states in India that has surplus power. The state has huge reserves of coal and hence an enormous potential for coal-based thermal power generation. As per the state government’s official website, Korba is really the ‘Power capital of India’. The state is also the iron and steel hub of the country. The Bhilai Steel Plant of Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) produces more than 4 million tonnes of iron and steel per annum. Substantial capacities have been set up in the private sector as well. 163 A condusive labour environment, cheap power, sufficient water resources and availability of land at a lower cost make Chhattisgarh a favourable location for industrial investments. The state provi<strong>des</strong> targeted incentives for industrial investment in the form of various subsidies. Other industries with potential growth in Chhattisgarh are the food processing industry, herbal and medicine industry, gems and jewellery industry 164 . Chhattisgarh is a Scheduled Area state and has a very large adivasi population. According to the Census 2001, 11.6 per cent of Chhattisgarh’s constitute SCs and 31.8 per cent are STs (the national averages being 16.2 per cent SCs and 8.2 per cent STs). The vast majority of the SC and ST population live in the rural areas of Chhattisgarh and are largely dependent on agriculture as their main source of income. Despite the abundant resources that Chhattisgarh has been blessed with, the poverty estimates provided by the Planning 156 Census of India, 2001. 157 The Hindu. “Chhattisgarh posts 9.41 p.c. GDP growth”. February 23, 2008. http://www.thehindu.com/2008/02/23/stories/2008022354350500.htm. 158 Chhattisgarh Human Development Report 2005, Prepared for the Government of Chhattisgarh. Pp. 45-46. 159 Chhattisgarh Human Development Report 2005, Prepared for the Government of Chhattisgarh. Pp. 53. 160 Chhattisgarh Human Development Report 2005, Prepared for the Government of Chhattisgarh. Pp. 45-46. 161 Chhattisgarh-September 2009, Prepared by India Brand Equity Foundation, http://www.ibef.org/states/chhattisgarh.aspx, Accessed on December 14, 2009. 162 Ibid. 163 Ibid. 164 Ibid.
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India’s Childhood in the "Pits" A
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iii Acknowledgements This report, c
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Table of Contents About the Study 3
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4 List of states and districts visi
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6 However, closer observation of th
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8 In addition, almost all work perf
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10 Impacts Children are affected di
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12 is mandatory and this must be
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15 National Overview Mining has imp
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17 Table 1.2: Number of illegal min
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19 Table 1.3: Key indicators in min
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21 migrate to plain areas or are co
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23 had no land to start with and wo
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25 Although there is no data to sho
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27 2,055 children enrolled in Santu
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29 we will eat tomorrow,” said a
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31 GURIA is a dark-eyed little girl
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33 Serious health problems have alr
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35 In several districts of Rajastha
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37 Table 1.4: Total number of child
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39 Bearing in mind that many of the
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41 children are working in mines in
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43 significant problem. A study car
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45 Part II State Reports 1. Karnata
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48 basic healthcare to its populati
Page 52 and 53: 50 Kolar district: Key facts Total
Page 54 and 55: 52 and pursued higher education. Th
Page 56 and 57: 54 has created a peculiar aesthetic
Page 58 and 59: 56 number of children working in th
Page 60 and 61: 58 almost every child is absent for
Page 62 and 63: 60 Table 2.02: Survey on children n
Page 64 and 65: 62 the village were cough, eye infe
Page 66 and 67: 65 Maharashtra State Overview Mahar
Page 68 and 69: 67 154 are in Maharashtra (making i
Page 70 and 71: 69 poverty, (ii) education, (iii) h
Page 72 and 73: 71 Quarry is a very big area spread
Page 74 and 75: 73 family works as a unit and manag
Page 76 and 77: 75 Table 2.06: Class-wise distribut
Page 78 and 79: 77 Children in stone quarries hit b
Page 80 and 81: 80 Literacy levels are also poor in
Page 82 and 83: 82 and quarrying in the state. Of t
Page 84 and 85: 84 Follow up interviews were carrie
Page 86 and 87: 86 At Thumbli village, residents ex
Page 88 and 89: 88 usually not strong enough to car
Page 90 and 91: 90 Inadequate Health Facilities Sev
Page 92 and 93: 92 Many of the Workers in the Mines
Page 94 and 95: 94 that 296,979 children aged betwe
Page 96 and 97: 96 This case study covered two mine
Page 98 and 99: 98 Traditional Forest Dwellers (Rec
Page 100 and 101: 100 in the mine sites ekeing out a
Page 104 and 105: 104 Commission, Government of India
Page 106 and 107: 106 The top five most mined distric
Page 108 and 109: 108 There are several other content
Page 110 and 111: 110 Table 2.11: Enrolment of childr
Page 112 and 113: 112 companies for their power plant
Page 114 and 115: 115 Jharkhand State Overview The st
Page 116 and 117: 117 population who live in these fo
Page 118 and 119: 119 around coal, but to also provid
Page 120 and 121: 121 Status of Anganwadi Centres and
Page 122 and 123: 123 due to multiple government duti
Page 124 and 125: 125 Uranium Corporation of India Li
Page 126 and 127: 128 farming and forestry. It is the
Page 128 and 129: 130 attendance at birth, the high p
Page 130 and 131: 132 were displaced for mining proje
Page 132 and 133: 134 the impacts are visibly evident
Page 134 and 135: 136 for construction and other indu
Page 136 and 137: 138 Table 2.17: School enrolment da
Page 138 and 139: 140 village also complained of cont
Page 140 and 141: 142 about the status of children in
Page 142 and 143: 144 exposed to the toxicity from th
Page 144 and 145: 146 for labour elsewhere. The prese
Page 146 and 147: 148 State Excesses and Human Rights
Page 148 and 149: 150 Table 2.25: Information collect
Page 150 and 151: 152 The DP Camp is far away from th
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154 Naik and Mr. Prahlad Naid who a
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156 Social Cost of Displacement As
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158 Table 2.32: Comparative village
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160 Rajabandha also has a low cost
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162 on land to be acquired in some
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165 Andhra Pradesh State Overview T
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167 Mining in Andhra Pradesh Almost
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169 small areas where there are qua
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171 other families also working in
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173 Nature of Quarry Work Tradition
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175 Conclusions The three micro-lev
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Part III Summary and Recommendation
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180 Whose Child is India’s Mining
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182 attention on child labour issue
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184 are not working in the mines.
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186 proposed to be the basis of th
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188 explored, clear design and work
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OUR EXPERIENCE WITH THE RIGHT TO IN
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193 Andhra Pradesh areas. Appr
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195 Tamil Nadu Orissa informati
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197 compensation for land and R
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Annexures
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200 Karnataka The tables below give
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202 Drop-out children brought back
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205 Glossary Adivasi: The term used
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207 and educational development. Pa
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Children - Terre des Hommes

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