America's Least Wanted Wood-Borers - Purdue Extension ...
America's Least Wanted Wood-Borers - Purdue Extension ...
America's Least Wanted Wood-Borers - Purdue Extension ...
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<strong>Wood</strong> Borer — WB-XX-W<br />
1<br />
WB-07-W<br />
America’s <strong>Least</strong> <strong>Wanted</strong> <strong>Wood</strong>-<strong>Borers</strong><br />
Department of Entomology<br />
JAPANESE PINE SAWYER, MONOCHAMUS ALTERNATUS (HOPE)<br />
Jeffrey D. Holland, K. R. Raje, J.T. Shukle, and V. R. Ferris, Entomologists<br />
This alien longhorned beetle is native to southeast<br />
Asia. The native range of this beetle has similar climate<br />
and similar host plants as in North America. If introduced,<br />
this beetle will have a high likelihood of proliferating<br />
in the new environment. These beetles are vectors<br />
of the pinewood nematode. Introduction of an exotic and<br />
highly pathogenic strain of nematode through this insect<br />
pest could result in tremendous damage to North American<br />
pines.<br />
Distribution: Monochamus alternatus is native to<br />
China, Taiwan, Korea, Laos and Japan.<br />
Identification:<br />
Adult: Adult beetles are a mosaic of orange, black and<br />
gray spots over the entire body. Body is 15 – 28 mm long<br />
with females normally larger than males. Antennae are<br />
longer than the body in both the sexes.<br />
Larva: Grubs are white, legless, average 43 mm long<br />
mature, with an amber colored head capsule and black<br />
mouth parts.<br />
Biology: In the native range the host plants include<br />
pine (Pinus sp.), spruce(Picea sp.), fir (Abies sp.), cedar<br />
(Cedrus sp.) and larch (Larix sp.). Trees under stress<br />
that are recently downed are favored. Eggs are deposited<br />
in slits in the bark made by the females. Larvae feed<br />
for some time in the cambium before eventually tunneling<br />
into the heartwood. Pupation takes place in the<br />
wood and adults emerge by chewing a round exit hole.<br />
Adults feed on the tender shoots of the host trees before<br />
searching for breeding sites. If adults are infected with<br />
nematodes, the nematodes are transmitted from tree to<br />
tree during this process. Female adults can lay 100 –<br />
200 eggs. The lifecycle can be completed in one year.<br />
Source: Ciesla, W.M. (2001). Exfor Database Pest Report,<br />
Monocha-mus alternates. Available: .<br />
Accessed: Oct. 20, 2011.<br />
Monochamus alternatus, adult<br />
(Photo credit: Kyle Schnepp)<br />
Molecular Identification: A DNA barcode for this<br />
species has been developed and is freely accessible online<br />
at the National Center for Biotechnology Information<br />
, and the Barcode of Life Data<br />
Systems database . If a specimen<br />
of this species is suspected, DNA analysis could<br />
help to confirm the identification even if the material is of<br />
a life stage that cannot be identified with morphological<br />
identification techniques.<br />
NCBI accession numbers for M. alternatus:<br />
JQ015143 - JQ015147<br />
Funding: This project was supported by funding from<br />
the 2009 Farm Bill 10201 program, USDA/APHIS grant<br />
number 10-8100-1488-CA.
<strong>Wood</strong> Borer — WB-07-W<br />
2<br />
October 2012<br />
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