Non-road fuel consumption and pollutant emissions ... - BAFU - CH

Non-road fuel consumption and pollutant emissions FOEN 2008 68
agricultural machinery is likely to remain low in the future, too, since there are as
yet no signs of an introduction of a retrofitting requirement in this machine category.
By contrast, as a consequence of the Ordinance on Air Pollution Control (Amendment
dated 19 September 2008), more construction machines will be retrofitted so
that by 2020 practically all machines in operation with an engine power > 37 kW
will have been equipped or retrofitted with a particle filter system (Fig. 20).
> Compared with agricultural machinery, the construction machines currently in use
are newer, as we can see from Figure 34. This means that there is a higher proportion
of newer, and thus “cleaner”, machines in use in the construction industry than
in the agricultural sector.
> For construction machinery, the first set of EU regulations governing maximum
emission levels entered into effect earlier than the regulations governing agricultural
machinery. This, combined with the fact that the fleet of construction machines is
newer than that of agricultural machines, resulted in a situation in which 40% of excavators/dumpers
met the EU emission requirements in 2005, compared with only
8% of tractors (Fig. 34).
Fig. 34 > Age distribution of construction and agricultural machinery
The curves represent the respective age distribution, while the vertical dotted lines indicate the
year in which the first EU regulations governing maximum emission levels entered into effect
(i.e. 1 year earlier for construction machines than for agricultural equipment). NB: the vertical
dotted lines indicating the years in which the regulations entered into effect represent a delay of
one year (e. g. from 2003 → 2002) since all machines have to meet the specified requirement in
the year of entry into effect.
Entry into effect of EU I
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2003 2002
2005 2000 1995 1990 1985 1980 1975 1970
Year of manufacture
Tractors (agriculture)
Hydraulic excavators
In 2005, 40% of excavators/dumpers complied with EU stage I
(since 40% of these machines were less than 4 years old and were thus brought into circulation after the introduction of EU I).