Non-road fuel consumption and pollutant emissions ... - BAFU - CH

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Non-road fuel consumption and pollutant emissions FOEN 2008 54 6.5 Garden-care/hobby appliances This category covers all small appliances that are used by professionals and by private households. In addition to garden-care equipment, these include golf carts, motor sleds, snow blowers, cleaning appliances, grinders and drills. Here the inventory was made on the basis of information provided by manufacturers and importers, and estimates by specialists in the workgroup. The average inventory was calculated by taking the estimated sales figures and the average service life of the appliances. The operating hours were derived from the life cycles of the respective machines. The division of inventories by engine type (primarily petrol-powered appliances) and engine-power class was made by distinguishing between hand-held and other appliances. Here it was assumed that hand-held appliances are equipped with 2-stroke petrol engines, while non-hand-held appliances are operated with 4-stroke petrol engines. This was based on technical specifications provided by manufacturers and importers. Inventory Figure 25 (top left: only types with an inventory > 8000 machines) shows that a very large majority of small appliances with a combustion engine are used for garden-care purposes by private households (lawn mowers, motor scythes, etc.). Apart from these, the only other appliances used to a notable extent are snow blowers. The various appliances use very small engines (2-stroke engines, 20 to 50 cc, 4-stroke engines, 50 to 225 cc) – see Figure 25, top right. This corresponds to an output of less than 18 kW. 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines each account for approximately 50% of the inventory. Operating hours and chronological development from 1980 to 2020 The development of the inventory and operating hours is based on estimates by specialists in the workgroup. Here it was assumed that the inventory increased significantly in the period from 1980 to 2000. During the same period, the figures relating to operating hours have hardly changed (Fig. 25, bottom). It is anticipated that, as the consequence of tighter regulations governing maximum emission levels, there will be a clear shift from 2-stroke to 4-stroke engines in the future, which will result in the gradual replacement of 2-stroke engines by new, smaller 4-stroke engines (< 50 cc).
6 > Inventories and operating hours of the individual machine categories 55 Fig. 25 > Garden-care/hobby appliances: inventories in 2005 and development of operating hours Top left: only types with an inventory > 8000 machines. Reference year for inventory, 2005. By machine type By engine-power class total: 764,000 22,800 20,000 96,600 10,000 30,400 39,300 23,600 142,000 389,000 15,000 36,000 252,000 15,800 11,400 352,000 42,500 4280 24,400 Motor scythes, trimmers, cutters (professional) Motor scythes, trimmers, cutters (household) Lawn mowers (professional) Lawn mowers (household) Ride-on mowers (household) Chainsaws (household) Mill cutters/chopping machines (household) Snow blowers (household) Other machine types (
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Environmental studies > Air 28 08 >
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Impressum Issued by Federal Office
Page 6 and 7: Non-road fuel consumption and pollu
Page 9 and 10: Foreword 7 > Foreword It is not onl
Page 11 and 12: Summary 9 Calculation methodology E
Page 13 and 14: Summary 11 Fig. 1 > Non-road pollut
Page 15 and 16: Summary 13 Comparison with road tra
Page 17 and 18: 2 > Objectives 15 2 > Objectives Th
Page 19 and 20: 4 > Methodology 17 4 > Methodology
Page 21 and 22: 4 > Methodology 19 The inventories
Page 23 and 24: 4 > Methodology 21 4.2.5 Dependency
Page 25 and 26: 4 > Methodology 23 4.3 Emission fun
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Appendix 115 > Appendix A1 Calculat
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Appendix 117 4. Calculation of poll
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Appendix 119 A3 Emission limit valu
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Appendix 121 A3-2 Small petrol-powe
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Appendix 123 Tab. 21 > Emission lim
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Appendix 125 A3-4 Railway vehicles
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Appendix 127 Tab. 25 > Assumptions
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Appendix 129 Tab. 28 > Emission fac
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Appendix 135 A6 Engine rated power
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Appendix 137 Machine category Machi
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Appendix 139 A8 Inventories and ope
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Appendix 141 Machine category Machi
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Appendix 143 A10 Fuel consumption a
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Appendix 145 A12 Emissions by machi
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Appendix 147 Tab. 46 > Agricultural
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Appendix 149 Tab. 49 > Marine machi
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Appendix 151 Pollutant Machine type
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Appendix 155 A14-4 Forestry machine
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Appendix 161 A14-7 Railway machiner
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Appendix 163 A15 Workgroups and the
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Index 165 > Index Definitions Emiss
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Index 167 Fig. 24 Forestry machiner
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Index 169 Tab. 26 Emission factors
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Index 171 SBB 2006: Statistisches V
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