Non-road fuel consumption and pollutant emissions ... - BAFU - CH

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Non-road fuel consumption and pollutant emissions FOEN 2008 44 With respect to the development of specific operating hours (i. e. hours per machine/appliance and year, see Fig. 18), the graph shows a sharp increase (70%) for construction machines, from 230 hrs p.a. in 1980 to 390 in 2020. By contrast, a reduction in average operating hours by 29% is anticipated for agricultural machinery, from 140 hrs p.a. in 1980 to 100 in 2020. Figure 19 shows the development of operating hours by engine-power class for all diesel-powered non-road machines. The picture is similar to that for the development of inventories by engine-power class (Fig. 14). The structural changes (trend towards more powerful machines) are more apparent than is the case for inventories. The total operating hours of machines with an engine power between 130 and 300 kW, the inventory of which quadruples in the period from 1980 to 2020, increase by a factor of 5.6 during the same period. Fig. 19 > Development of operating hours of diesel machines by engine-power class in million hrs p.a. 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 560 kW
5 > Inventories and operating hours 45 5.5 Development of inventory of machines equipped with a particle filter system To date, the inventory of machines with diesel engines that have been retrofitted with a particle filter is fairly low (around 30% for large construction machinery 16 ). Non-road machines will probably be manufactured with integrated particle filters after EU IIIB enters into effect. For machines with an engine power > 130 kW, this stage will apply from 2011, while for all machines with an engine power > 37 kW it will apply from 2013. In this study, the assumed development of the inventory of retrofitted machines, i.e. those put into operation before the entry into effect of EU IIIB and which were not equipped with an integrated particle filter, is based on the forecasts of the FOEN, which in turn are based on data provided by manufacturers of particle filters regarding sales figures to date and estimated future sales. These data refer to construction, industrial, military, agricultural and forestry machinery. Data relating to the status of retrofitting of marine machinery were obtained from the consultation procedure concerning the revision of the SAV, while figures for railway machinery were provided by the SBB (SER 2005). For industrial and military machinery the same development is assumed as for construction machines. Since legal provisions concerning particle filters are under discussion, the anticipated development shown in Figure 20 is uncertain. Fig. 20 > Anticipated development of inventory of machines equipped or retrofitted with a particle filter The development up to 2005 corresponds to the sales figures for particle filter systems in Switzerland. The figures for the period after 2005 are based on the trend anticipated by the FOEN. 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Construction machinery 37 kW Agricultural/forestry machinery 37–75 kW Marine machinery >37 kW Construction machinery 18–37 kW Agricultural/forestry machinery 18–37 kW Agricultural/forestry machinery >75 kW Railway machinery >37 kW 16 Sources: reports from manufacturers/retrofitters of particle filter systems concerning installed filter systems in Switzerland, and data from TTM 2004.
Page 1: Environmental studies > Air 28 08 >
Page 4 and 5: Impressum Issued by Federal Office
Page 6 and 7: Non-road fuel consumption and pollu
Page 9 and 10: Foreword 7 > Foreword It is not onl
Page 11 and 12: Summary 9 Calculation methodology E
Page 13 and 14: Summary 11 Fig. 1 > Non-road pollut
Page 15 and 16: Summary 13 Comparison with road tra
Page 17 and 18: 2 > Objectives 15 2 > Objectives Th
Page 19 and 20: 4 > Methodology 17 4 > Methodology
Page 21 and 22: 4 > Methodology 19 The inventories
Page 23 and 24: 4 > Methodology 21 4.2.5 Dependency
Page 25 and 26: 4 > Methodology 23 4.3 Emission fun
Page 27 and 28: 4 > Methodology 25 With respect to
Page 29 and 30: 4 > Methodology 27 not been explici
Page 31 and 32: 4 > Methodology 29 With respect to
Page 33 and 34: 4 > Methodology 31 Fig. 8 > Emissio
Page 35 and 36: 4 > Methodology 33 Fig. 9 > Derivat
Page 37 and 38: 4 > Methodology 35 these machine ca
Page 39 and 40: 4 > Methodology 37 4.3.7 Particle f
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8 > Fuel consumption and pollutant
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9 > Supplementary observations 103
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Appendix 115 > Appendix A1 Calculat
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Appendix 117 4. Calculation of poll
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Appendix 119 A3 Emission limit valu
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Appendix 121 A3-2 Small petrol-powe
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Appendix 123 Tab. 21 > Emission lim
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Appendix 125 A3-4 Railway vehicles
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Appendix 127 Tab. 25 > Assumptions
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Appendix 129 Tab. 28 > Emission fac
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Appendix 135 A6 Engine rated power
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Appendix 137 Machine category Machi
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Appendix 139 A8 Inventories and ope
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Appendix 141 Machine category Machi
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Appendix 143 A10 Fuel consumption a
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Appendix 145 A12 Emissions by machi
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Appendix 147 Tab. 46 > Agricultural
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Appendix 149 Tab. 49 > Marine machi
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Appendix 151 Pollutant Machine type
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Appendix 155 A14-4 Forestry machine
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Appendix 161 A14-7 Railway machiner
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Appendix 163 A15 Workgroups and the
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Index 165 > Index Definitions Emiss
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Index 167 Fig. 24 Forestry machiner
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Index 169 Tab. 26 Emission factors
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Index 171 SBB 2006: Statistisches V
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