Non-road fuel consumption and pollutant emissions ... - BAFU - CH

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Non-road fuel consumption and pollutant emissions FOEN 2008 40 Fig. 13 > Development of inventories by engine type in million 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Diesel Petrol (4-stroke) Petrol (2-stroke) Gas Steam A look at the development of inventories of diesel machines by engine-power classes shows that the number with large engines is increasing, while the number with smaller engines is tending to decrease (Fig. 14). This trend applies especially to machines with an engine power between 130 and 300 kW, the number of which is expected to quadruple in the period from 1980 to 2020. Fig. 14 > Development of inventory of machines with diesel engines by engine-power class 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 560 kW
5 > Inventories and operating hours 41 5.3 Operating hours in 2005 The picture with respect to operating hours is quite different from that for inventories, since the specific operating hours vary considerably from category to category (Fig. 15). The specific operating hours of industrial machines, for example, are very high, whereas gardening/hobby appliances are only used sporadically. In the reference year (2005), the specific operating hours of construction machines (i.e. operating hours per machine and year) were around 14 times higher than those of garden-care/hobby appliances. As a comparison between Figure 16 (left) and Figure 11 (left) shows, construction machinery accounts for a much higher proportion of the total operating hours than of the total inventories. And as we can see from Figure 16 (right) and Figure 11 (right), petrol engines account for a much lower proportion of the total operating hours than of the total inventories. Fig. 15 > Average operating hours per machine/appliance per year Reference year, 2005. Specific operating hrs p.a. 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Construction machinery Industrial machinery Agricultural machinery Forestry machinery Gardencare/hobby appliances Marine machinery Railway machinery Military machinery 130 kW Numerical values, see Tab. 10.
Page 1: Environmental studies > Air 28 08 >
Page 4 and 5: Impressum Issued by Federal Office
Page 6 and 7: Non-road fuel consumption and pollu
Page 9 and 10: Foreword 7 > Foreword It is not onl
Page 11 and 12: Summary 9 Calculation methodology E
Page 13 and 14: Summary 11 Fig. 1 > Non-road pollut
Page 15 and 16: Summary 13 Comparison with road tra
Page 17 and 18: 2 > Objectives 15 2 > Objectives Th
Page 19 and 20: 4 > Methodology 17 4 > Methodology
Page 21 and 22: 4 > Methodology 19 The inventories
Page 23 and 24: 4 > Methodology 21 4.2.5 Dependency
Page 25 and 26: 4 > Methodology 23 4.3 Emission fun
Page 27 and 28: 4 > Methodology 25 With respect to
Page 29 and 30: 4 > Methodology 27 not been explici
Page 31 and 32: 4 > Methodology 29 With respect to
Page 33 and 34: 4 > Methodology 31 Fig. 8 > Emissio
Page 35 and 36: 4 > Methodology 33 Fig. 9 > Derivat
Page 37 and 38: 4 > Methodology 35 these machine ca
Page 39 and 40: 4 > Methodology 37 4.3.7 Particle f
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8 > Fuel consumption and pollutant
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9 > Supplementary observations 103
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Appendix 115 > Appendix A1 Calculat
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Appendix 117 4. Calculation of poll
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Appendix 119 A3 Emission limit valu
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Appendix 121 A3-2 Small petrol-powe
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Appendix 123 Tab. 21 > Emission lim
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Appendix 125 A3-4 Railway vehicles
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Appendix 127 Tab. 25 > Assumptions
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Appendix 129 Tab. 28 > Emission fac
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Appendix 135 A6 Engine rated power
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Appendix 137 Machine category Machi
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Appendix 139 A8 Inventories and ope
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Appendix 141 Machine category Machi
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Appendix 143 A10 Fuel consumption a
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Appendix 145 A12 Emissions by machi
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Appendix 147 Tab. 46 > Agricultural
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Appendix 149 Tab. 49 > Marine machi
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Appendix 151 Pollutant Machine type
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Appendix 155 A14-4 Forestry machine
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Appendix 161 A14-7 Railway machiner
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Appendix 163 A15 Workgroups and the
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Index 165 > Index Definitions Emiss
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Index 167 Fig. 24 Forestry machiner
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Index 169 Tab. 26 Emission factors
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Index 171 SBB 2006: Statistisches V
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