Non-road fuel consumption and pollutant emissions ... - BAFU - CH

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Impressum Issued by Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) FOEN is an office of the Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications (DETEC). Authors Ulrich Schäffeler und Mario Keller (INFRAS) FOEN consultant Giovanni d’Urbano, Air Pollution Control and NIR Division Suggested form of citation Schäffeler U., Keller M. 2008: Non-road fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. Study for the period from 1980 to 2020. Environmental studies no. 0828. Federal Office for the Environment, Bern: 171 pp. Translation Keith Hewlett, Zug Design Ursula Nöthiger-Koch, 4813 Uerkheim Cover picture Zeppelin (Germany)/FOEN. Downloadable PDF file www.environment-switzerland.ch/uw-0828-e (no printed version available) Code: UW-0828-E This publication is also available in German and French (UW-0828-D/F). © FOEN 2008
Table of contents 3 > Table of contents Abstracts 5 Foreword 7 Summary 8 1 Current situation 14 2 Objectives 15 3 Procedure 16 4 Methodology 17 4.1 Basic principles 17 4.2 Inventory modelling 18 4.2.1 Structure 18 4.2.2 Collection of data 19 4.2.3 Inventory model 20 4.2.4 Operating hours 20 4.2.5 Dependency of operating hours on age 21 4.2.6 Age distribution of inventories and operating hours 22 4.3 Emission fundamentals 23 4.3.1 Emission limit values 23 4.3.2 Emission stages 26 4.3.3 Emission factors 27 4.3.4 Sub-segments 32 4.3.5 Fuel consumption 34 4.3.6 Influencing factors 34 4.3.7 Particle filters 37 5 Inventories and operating hours 38 5.1 Inventories in 2005 38 5.2 Chronological development of inventories from 1980 to 2020 39 5.3 Operating hours in 2005 41 5.4 Chronological development of operating hours from 1980 to 2020 43 5.5 Development of inventory of machines equipped with a particle filter system 45 6 Inventories and operating hours of the individual machine categories 46 6.1 Construction machinery 46 6.2 Industrial machinery 48 6.3 Agricultural machinery 50 6.4 Forestry machinery 52 6.5 Garden-care/hobby appliances 54 6.6 Marine machinery 56 6.7 Railway machinery 58 6.8 Military machinery 60 7 Fuel consumption and pollutant emissions 62 7.1 Fuel consumption in 2005 62 7.2 Development of fuel consumption from 1980 to 2020 63 7.3 Emissions in 2005 64 7.4 Development of emissions from 1980 to 2020 66 7.4.1 Relative development of emissions 66 7.4.2 Development of emissions by machine category 67 8 Fuel consumption and pollutant emissions by machine category 70 8.1 Construction machinery 70 8.1.1 Fuel consumption 70 8.1.2 Emissions 72 8.2 Industrial machinery 74 8.2.1 Fuel consumption 74 8.2.2 Emissions 76 8.3 Agricultural machinery 78 8.3.1 Fuel consumption 78 8.3.2 Emissions 80 8.4 Forestry machinery 82 8.4.1 Fuel consumption 82 8.4.2 Emissions 84 8.5 Garden-care/hobby appliances 86 8.5.1 Fuel consumption 86 8.5.2 Emissions 88 8.6 Marine machinery 90 8.6.1 Fuel consumption 90 8.6.2 Emissions 92
Page 1: Environmental studies > Air 28 08 >
Page 6 and 7: Non-road fuel consumption and pollu
Page 9 and 10: Foreword 7 > Foreword It is not onl
Page 11 and 12: Summary 9 Calculation methodology E
Page 13 and 14: Summary 11 Fig. 1 > Non-road pollut
Page 15 and 16: Summary 13 Comparison with road tra
Page 17 and 18: 2 > Objectives 15 2 > Objectives Th
Page 19 and 20: 4 > Methodology 17 4 > Methodology
Page 21 and 22: 4 > Methodology 19 The inventories
Page 23 and 24: 4 > Methodology 21 4.2.5 Dependency
Page 25 and 26: 4 > Methodology 23 4.3 Emission fun
Page 27 and 28: 4 > Methodology 25 With respect to
Page 29 and 30: 4 > Methodology 27 not been explici
Page 31 and 32: 4 > Methodology 29 With respect to
Page 33 and 34: 4 > Methodology 31 Fig. 8 > Emissio
Page 35 and 36: 4 > Methodology 33 Fig. 9 > Derivat
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7 > Fuel consumption and pollutant
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Appendix 115 > Appendix A1 Calculat
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Appendix 117 4. Calculation of poll
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Appendix 119 A3 Emission limit valu
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Appendix 121 A3-2 Small petrol-powe
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Appendix 123 Tab. 21 > Emission lim
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Appendix 125 A3-4 Railway vehicles
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Appendix 127 Tab. 25 > Assumptions
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Appendix 129 Tab. 28 > Emission fac
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Appendix 135 A6 Engine rated power
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Appendix 137 Machine category Machi
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Appendix 139 A8 Inventories and ope
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Appendix 141 Machine category Machi
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Appendix 143 A10 Fuel consumption a
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Appendix 145 A12 Emissions by machi
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Appendix 147 Tab. 46 > Agricultural
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Appendix 149 Tab. 49 > Marine machi
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Appendix 151 Pollutant Machine type
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Appendix 155 A14-4 Forestry machine
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Appendix 161 A14-7 Railway machiner
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Appendix 163 A15 Workgroups and the
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Index 165 > Index Definitions Emiss
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Index 167 Fig. 24 Forestry machiner
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Index 169 Tab. 26 Emission factors
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Index 171 SBB 2006: Statistisches V
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