Non-road fuel consumption and pollutant emissions ... - BAFU - CH
Non-road fuel consumption and pollutant emissions ... - BAFU - CH Non-road fuel consumption and pollutant emissions ... - BAFU - CH
Non-road fuel consumption and pollutant emissions FOEN 2008 30 Fig. 7 > Comparison between emission limit values and emission factors Emission limit values and emission factors as per the figures in Table 4, page 24 (emission limit values) and Table 24, page 126 (emission factors). With respect to the nitrogen oxide emission limit values, with effect from EU IIIB the 37 to 75 kW engine-power class is divided into two segments, namely 37 to 56 kW (shaded) and 56 to 75 kW (dotted). The emission factor was set to the average of the two limit values, less a tolerance of 10%. The figure for EU IIIA is a combined limit value for NO x + HC emissions. For nitrogen oxides (NOx) Engine-power class 18–37 kW grams per kWh 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 Engine-power class 75–130 kW grams per kWh 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 For particulate matter (PM) Engine-power class 18–37 kW grams per kWh 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 Engine-power class 75–130 kW grams per kWh 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 Engine-power class 37–75 kW grams per kWh 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 Engine-power class > 130 kW grams per kWh 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 Engine-power class 37–75 kW grams per kWh 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 Engine-power class > 130 kW grams per kWh 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 EU I EU II EU IIIA EU IIIB EU IV Emission factor
4 > Methodology 31 Fig. 8 > Emission factors for diesel engines by emission stage Carbon monoxide (CO) Hydrocarbons (HC) grams per kWh 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 grams per kWh 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 Pre-EU A Pre-EU B EU I EU II EU IIIA EU IIIB EU IV Emission stages Pre-EU A Pre-EU B EU I EU II EU IIIA EU IIIB EU IV Emission stages Nitrogen oxides (NOX) Particulate matter (PM) grams per kWh 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 grams per kWh 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 Pre-EU A Pre-EU B EU I EU II EU IIIA EU IIIB EU IV Emission stages Pre-EU A Pre-EU B EU I EU II EU IIIA EU IIIB EU IV Emission stages 130 kW Numerical values, see Tab. 24 on page 126. The emission factors for small appliances (2-stroke and 4-stroke engines) manufactured after 2004 were obtained from the emission limit values after deduction of a manufacturing tolerance of 10%. Exceptions for 2-stroke engines are the EU I and EU II CO limit values, and the EU I HC limit values, which are well above recorded measurement levels 12 . Small petrol-powered appliances The emission factors for older engines (manufactured prior to 2004) that are not subject to emission regulations (= Pre-EU) are based on assumptions deduced from measurement levels (INFRAS 2008) and figures reported in similar studies (IFEU 2004). The assumptions were also made in collaboration with representatives of Euromot. The emission factors for marine machinery are largely based on the limit values of the SAV that entered into effect in 1995. Here the emission limit levels have been adopted, Marine machinery 12 According to the results of measurements carried out by BNM Research (BNM 2000), small 2-stroke appliances emit around 450 g per kWh of CO. The threshold for CO is 805 g per kWh.
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4 > Methodology 31<br />
Fig. 8 > Emission factors for diesel engines by emission stage<br />
Carbon monoxide (CO)<br />
Hydrocarbons (HC)<br />
grams per<br />
kWh<br />
7.0<br />
6.0<br />
5.0<br />
4.0<br />
3.0<br />
2.0<br />
1.0<br />
0.0<br />
grams per<br />
kWh<br />
2.5<br />
2.0<br />
1.5<br />
1.0<br />
0.5<br />
0.0<br />
Pre-EU A<br />
Pre-EU B<br />
EU I<br />
EU II<br />
EU IIIA<br />
EU IIIB<br />
EU IV<br />
Emission stages<br />
Pre-EU A<br />
Pre-EU B<br />
EU I<br />
EU II<br />
EU IIIA<br />
EU IIIB<br />
EU IV<br />
Emission stages<br />
Nitrogen oxides (NOX)<br />
Particulate matter (PM)<br />
grams per<br />
kWh<br />
14.0<br />
12.0<br />
10.0<br />
8.0<br />
6.0<br />
4.0<br />
2.0<br />
0.0<br />
grams per<br />
kWh<br />
1.6<br />
1.4<br />
1.2<br />
1.0<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
0.2<br />
0.0<br />
Pre-EU A<br />
Pre-EU B<br />
EU I<br />
EU II<br />
EU IIIA<br />
EU IIIB<br />
EU IV<br />
Emission stages<br />
Pre-EU A<br />
Pre-EU B<br />
EU I<br />
EU II<br />
EU IIIA<br />
EU IIIB<br />
EU IV<br />
Emission stages<br />
130 kW<br />
Numerical values, see Tab. 24 on page 126.<br />
The emission factors for small appliances (2-stroke <strong>and</strong> 4-stroke engines) manufactured<br />
after 2004 were obtained from the emission limit values after deduction of a<br />
manufacturing tolerance of 10%. Exceptions for 2-stroke engines are the EU I <strong>and</strong><br />
EU II CO limit values, <strong>and</strong> the EU I HC limit values, which are well above recorded<br />
measurement levels<br />
12 .<br />
Small petrol-powered appliances<br />
The emission factors for older engines (manufactured prior to 2004) that are not subject<br />
to emission regulations (= Pre-EU) are based on assumptions deduced from measurement<br />
levels (INFRAS 2008) <strong>and</strong> figures reported in similar studies (IFEU 2004). The<br />
assumptions were also made in collaboration with representatives of Euromot.<br />
The emission factors for marine machinery are largely based on the limit values of the<br />
SAV that entered into effect in 1995. Here the emission limit levels have been adopted,<br />
Marine machinery<br />
12<br />
According to the results of measurements carried out by BNM Research (BNM 2000), small 2-stroke appliances emit around 450 g per<br />
kWh of CO. The threshold for CO is 805 g per kWh.
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