Non-road fuel consumption and pollutant emissions ... - BAFU - CH

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Non-road fuel consumption and pollutant emissions FOEN 2008 24 Tab. 4 > EU emission limit values for non-road diesel machines5 (in g per kWh) Figures in parentheses are limit values for the sum of hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxide emissions (HC + NO x ). The emission limit values for carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC), and the values for ships/boats, railway machinery and petrol-powered appliances are listed in A3 on page 119. Engine-power class EU I EU II EU IIIA EU IIIB EU IV Nitrogen oxides (NOx) 18–37 kW 6 - 8.0 (7.5) - - 37–56 kW 9.2 7.0 (4.7) (4.7) - 56–75 kW 9.2 7.0 (4.7) 3.3 0.4 75–130 kW 9.2 6.0 (4.0) 3.3 0.4 130–560 kW 9.2 6.0 (4.0) 2.0 0.4 Particulate matter (PM) 18–37 kW - 0.8 0.6 - - 37–56 kW 0.85 0.4 0.4 0.025 - 56–75 kW 0.85 0.4 0.4 0.025 0.025 75–130 kW 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.025 0.025 130–560 kW 0.54 0.2 0.2 0.025 0.025 Source: EU 1997. Tab. 5 > Year of entry into force of EU emission limit values for diesel engines Figures have been rounded up/down to the respective year. Enigne-power class EU I EU II EU IIIA EU IIIB EU IV Construction, industrial and military machinery 18–37 kW 4 - 2002 2007 - - 37–56 kW 2002 2004 2008 2013 - 56–75 kW 2002 2004 2008 2012 2014 75–130 kW 2002 2003 2007 2012 2014 >130–560kW 2002 2002 2006 2011 2014 Agricultural and forestry machinery 18–37 kW - 2003 2007 - - 37–56 kW 2003 2004 2008 2013 - 56–75 kW 2003 2004 2008 2012 2014 75–130 kW 2003 2004 2007 2012 2014 >130–560kW - 2003 2006 2011 2014 Source: EU 1997. 5 Separate emission thresholds apply to ships/boats and railway vehicles (see Appendices 3.3.and 3.4). 6 The first engine-power class for EU IIIA is 19 to 37 kW.
4 > Methodology 25 With respect to emission fundamentals for small petrol-powered appliances (chainsaws, lawn mowers, stampers, vibrators, etc.), a distinction has to be made between appliances with 4-stroke and 2-stroke engines. The relevant legislation distinguishes between small hand-held appliances and larger non-hand-held machines. In this report, this distinction is equated with 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines. The first EU emission limit values entered into force in 2004 for most small appliances (A3-2). Here the main aim was to reduce emission levels of hydrocarbons. From EU II onwards, similar emission limits apply to both 2-stroke (hand-held) and 4-stroke (nonhand-held) appliances. Exceptions for certain appliance types have not been taken into account. Emission regulations distinguish between two groups: > Ships > Recreational craft and sports boats. Due to their size, ships are powered exclusively with diesel engines. Boats can be equipped with diesel or petrol engines. Small petrol-powered appliances Marine machinery Emission limit values were already specified for both ships and boats in 1993 following the adoption of an ordinance governing shipping on Lake Constance. These limit values were incorporated into the exhaust regulations for marine engines (SAV) and have been binding since 1995 for all bodies of water in Switzerland. In 1996, more stringent exhaust regulations were specified for Lake Constance, though these were never incorporated into the SAV and are therefore not binding for other bodies of water in Switzerland. The SAV was subsequently revised in 2007 within the scope of the co-ordination of exhaust regulations throughout Europe, and this meant that recreational craft, sports boats etc. could now be used on Switzerland’s bodies of water if they meet the requirements of Directive 2003/44/EC. In this Directive, the emission limit values for boats equipped with petrol engines are less stringent than those in the previously valid SAV I, but as before, in Switzerland boats with 2-stroke engines have to meet the more stringent exhaust requirements for 4-stroke petrol engines. Ships with an engine power > 37 kW that are used for commercial purposes (i.e. passenger ships, ferries and cargo ships/barges) have to comply with the emission limit values stipulated in the ordinance governing shipping on the Rhine, the first level of which has been binding since 2003. A second level was put into force in July 2007. Since 2007, ships operated for commercial purposes can also be licensed in accordance with EU Directive 97/68/EC stage IIIA. For railway machinery, the International Railway Union (UIC) has been recommending emission limit values since the 1980s, but these are not legally binding. In the EU, the exhaust regulations specified in Directive 97/68/EC have applied to railway machinery since 2005. For emission limit values a distinction is made between locomotives and motor coaches, but for the engine-power classes under consideration in this report they are identical. Railway machinery
Page 1: Environmental studies > Air 28 08 >
Page 4 and 5: Impressum Issued by Federal Office
Page 6 and 7: Non-road fuel consumption and pollu
Page 9 and 10: Foreword 7 > Foreword It is not onl
Page 11 and 12: Summary 9 Calculation methodology E
Page 13 and 14: Summary 11 Fig. 1 > Non-road pollut
Page 15 and 16: Summary 13 Comparison with road tra
Page 17 and 18: 2 > Objectives 15 2 > Objectives Th
Page 19 and 20: 4 > Methodology 17 4 > Methodology
Page 21 and 22: 4 > Methodology 19 The inventories
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Appendix 119 A3 Emission limit valu
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Appendix 121 A3-2 Small petrol-powe
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Appendix 123 Tab. 21 > Emission lim
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Appendix 125 A3-4 Railway vehicles
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Appendix 127 Tab. 25 > Assumptions
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Appendix 129 Tab. 28 > Emission fac
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Appendix 135 A6 Engine rated power
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Appendix 137 Machine category Machi
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Appendix 139 A8 Inventories and ope
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Appendix 141 Machine category Machi
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Appendix 143 A10 Fuel consumption a
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Appendix 145 A12 Emissions by machi
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Appendix 147 Tab. 46 > Agricultural
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Appendix 149 Tab. 49 > Marine machi
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Appendix 151 Pollutant Machine type
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Appendix 155 A14-4 Forestry machine
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Appendix 161 A14-7 Railway machiner
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Appendix 163 A15 Workgroups and the
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Index 165 > Index Definitions Emiss
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Index 167 Fig. 24 Forestry machiner
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Index 169 Tab. 26 Emission factors
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Index 171 SBB 2006: Statistisches V
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Non-road fuel consumption and pollutant emissions ... - BAFU - CH

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