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Non-road fuel consumption and pollutant emissions ... - BAFU - CH

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4 > Methodology 17<br />

4 > Methodology<br />

4.1 Basic principles<br />

<strong>Non</strong>-<strong>road</strong> <strong>emissions</strong> are primarily calculated on the basis of the following criteria:<br />

> Inventories <strong>and</strong> operating hours of machines, subdivided into categories, engine<br />

types, engine-power classes <strong>and</strong> years of manufacture.<br />

> Emission factors are allocated to machines according to engine type <strong>and</strong> year of<br />

manufacture, which indicate emission levels in grams per kilowatt hour (g/kWh).<br />

Emission factors are classified into emission stages that encompass the period (by<br />

year of manufacture) for which certain emission factors are characteristic for the<br />

various types of machines. For newer machines, the emission stages correspond to<br />

the period from which certain emission limit values are legally binding for the type<br />

of machine concerned.<br />

These two data sets (inventories/hours of operation <strong>and</strong> emission factors) are used for<br />

calculating the <strong>emissions</strong> for each grouping of machines (i.e. machines in the same<br />

category, of the same type <strong>and</strong> engine-power class, <strong>and</strong> similar year of manufacture, to<br />

which the same emission factors can be allocated). The calculation is done in accordance<br />

with the following formula (cf. A1 on page 115):<br />

Em = N ⋅ H ⋅ P ⋅λ<br />

⋅ε<br />

⋅CF<br />

1<br />

⋅CF2<br />

⋅CF3<br />

Key:<br />

Em = <strong>emissions</strong> per machine type, <strong>pollutant</strong>, emission stage<br />

(in grams or tonnes p.a.)<br />

N = number of machines/appliances (inventory)<br />

H = hours of operation (hrs p.a.)<br />

P = mean engine rated power (kW)<br />

λ = effective load factor (dimensionless)<br />

ε = emission factor (g per kWh)<br />

CF 1 = correction factor for deviation of effective load from st<strong>and</strong>ard load in<br />

the cycle on which the emission factor is based (dimensionless)<br />

CF 2 = correction factor for dynamic utilisation of the machine<br />

(dimensionless)<br />

CF 3 = correction factor for wear <strong>and</strong> tear of the machine (dimensionless)<br />

The total non-<strong>road</strong> <strong>emissions</strong> per annum can be determined by adding together the data<br />

for all machine groupings per reference year.

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