Non-road fuel consumption and pollutant emissions ... - BAFU - CH

9 > Supplementary observations 111
9.3.5 Emissions
In Report 49, emissions are shown at two levels in two different scenarios. Scenario 1
is based on the assumption that no regulations governing maximum emission levels
enter into effect for non-road machines. In Scenario 2, initial assumptions have already
been made concerning the possible introduction of emission limit values. Figure 55
shows the calculations for both scenarios. The pollutant emissions as per scenario 2 are
of course lower than those for scenario 1.
Most of the differences between the new calculations and the data cited in Report 49
result from the changed assumptions regarding inventories and operating hours (see
section 9.3.1) and the modified emission factors for diesel engines, especially relating
to PM emissions. The reasons for the differences in the four main categories (construction,
industrial, agricultural machinery and garden/hobby appliances) are explained
briefly below.
In the construction machinery category, the differences between the two reports in
terms of data relating to inventory and operating hours as well as fuel consumption also
apply to emissions, with the exception of carbon monoxide and particulate matter. In
the case of the latter, the difference (approximately 70% lower level of PM emissions
versus scenario 2), is attributable to the new emission factors which are lower for older
machines in the new calculation model (see Tab. 14). In the new calculation the carbon
monoxide emissions are higher. This is primarily attributable to appliances that were
not included in the inventory and operating hours in Report 49.
Carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions from industrial machinery are significantly
lower than in previous calculations, even though the assumed operating hours
are higher in the new calculations. This increase is attributable to the inclusion of
forklifts and snow groomers in the new report, which have low emissions of carbon
monoxide and hydrocarbons since they are primarily fuelled by diesel and gas. The
decrease in carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions can be explained by the
number of petrol-powered appliances, which in the new inventory is only around onethird
of the level assumed in Report 49. Nitrogen oxide and PM emissions are more or
less identical in both calculations, since a larger inventory of diesel machines has been
offset by lower emission factors.
As a result of the adjustments to the inventory and operating hours, in the new calculation
the level of emissions from agricultural machinery is lower than in the previous
report. The most pronounced difference concerns PM emissions, for which both the
inventory effect and lower emission factors for older machines play a significant role.
Here the specific operating hours and average capacities are lower in the new calculation
than assumed in Report 49. This results in significantly lower emissions, which in
the case of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons are less than half the respective levels
in Report 49.
Construction machinery
Industrial machinery
Agricultural machinery
Garden-care/hobby appliances