Non-road fuel consumption and pollutant emissions ... - BAFU - CH

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Non-road fuel consumption and pollutant emissions FOEN 2008 106 Tab. 14 > Comparison with emission and consumption factors in Report 49 (in g per kwh) The listed emission factors refer to all non-road machines equipped with a diesel engine (except ships/boats and railway vehicles). A: adjusted emission factors (including type of construction and wear and tear) according to Table A3.1a in Report 49. B: emission factors (“Previous” = according to data in Fig. A2.6 in Report 49). Engine-power class CO HC NOX PM Previous New Previous New Previous New Previous New A B B A B B A B B A B B 130 kW 3.1 2.9 3.62 1.3 1.3 0.91 14.3 9.8 12.52 1.3 1.0 0.61 As we can see from Table 14, the new emission factors for diesel machines concerning HC and PM are up to 50% lower than the emission factors used in Report 49. 9.3.3 Inventories and operating hours For the purpose of comparing the figures for the new non-road inventory with the data previously used by the FOEN from Report 49 (SAEFL 1996a), 2005 was chosen as reference year. The figures in Report 49 are taken from the corresponding technical appendix (SAEFL 1996b). Figure 53 (top) compares the figures for the new non-road inventories and operating hours with those published in Report 49, distinguished by engine type. In addition, the specific operating hours, i.e. per machine and year, and the ratio between the figures for the new non-road inventory and operating hours and those presented in Report 49, are shown in Figure 53 (bottom). Here we can see that there are significant differences, especially regarding construction, industrial, agricultural, forestry, railway and military machinery. Although the inventory in Report 49 does not include any construction machines equipped with a petrol engine, the number of construction machines assumed in that report for 2005 was around twice as high as in the new non-road inventory. The number of industrial machines in the new inventory is slightly higher than in Report 49, partly because snow groomers now form a new sub-segment of their own. In the new non-road inventory, forklifts were included separately for the first time (with a total of 17 000 vehicles) in 2005. At the same time, the inventory of industrial carts was reduced from 16,800 to 3200. Construction machinery Industrial machinery
9 > Supplementary observations 107 The enormous increase in specific operating hours is attributable to the inclusion of forklifts, which are operated for a total of around 720 hours p.a. and machine, as well as to snow groomers (700 hours p.a.). The specific operating hours of agricultural machines were reduced by about a third on the basis of new calculations by Agroscope ART, since the average engine power of machines used in the agriculture sector have increased and thus permit a higher level of productivity. The verification of these new figures relating to operating hours, load factors and specific consumption shows that they are close to the fuel consumption statistics recorded by the Directorate General of Customs. The higher numbers in the inventory are attributable to increased mechanisation, but also to the fact that small hand-held appliances such as chainsaws have been included for the first time. In this category, the specific operating hours were for the first time determined on the basis of the anticipated service life of the appliances concerned. This resulted in considerably lower specific operating hours than had been assumed in Report 49. Here the higher specific operating hours can be attributed to the increased use of diesel locomotives by Swiss Federal Railways which had not been anticipated in the previous inventory. In the case of military machinery, the new inventory only included those machines that were effectively in operation (see section 6.8), and this resulted in a reduction in the total number of machines (EWI 2005). The increase in specific operating hours can be attributed to the inclusion for the first time of military construction machinery and boats. This results in a higher number of operating hours despite a reduction in the inventory (excluding machines reserved for combat). Agricultural machines Forestry machinery Garden-care/hobby appliances Railway machinery Military machinery
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Environmental studies > Air 28 08 >
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Impressum Issued by Federal Office
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Non-road fuel consumption and pollu
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Foreword 7 > Foreword It is not onl
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Summary 9 Calculation methodology E
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Summary 11 Fig. 1 > Non-road pollut
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Summary 13 Comparison with road tra
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2 > Objectives 15 2 > Objectives Th
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4 > Methodology 17 4 > Methodology
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4 > Methodology 19 The inventories
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4 > Methodology 21 4.2.5 Dependency
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4 > Methodology 23 4.3 Emission fun
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4 > Methodology 25 With respect to
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4 > Methodology 27 not been explici
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4 > Methodology 29 With respect to
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4 > Methodology 31 Fig. 8 > Emissio
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4 > Methodology 33 Fig. 9 > Derivat
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4 > Methodology 35 these machine ca
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Appendix 157 Pollutant Machine type
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Appendix 159 Pollutant Machine type
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Appendix 161 A14-7 Railway machiner
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Appendix 163 A15 Workgroups and the
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Index 165 > Index Definitions Emiss
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Index 167 Fig. 24 Forestry machiner
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Index 169 Tab. 26 Emission factors
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Index 171 SBB 2006: Statistisches V
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