Non-road fuel consumption and pollutant emissions ... - BAFU - CH

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Non-road fuel consumption and pollutant emissions FOEN 2008 8 > Summary Considerable quantities of various air pollutants are produced not only from road traffic, but also by a broad variety of other motors that are operated in the non-road segment. Accurate and up-to-date data relating to non-road emissions in Switzerland are required for a variety of purposes, including the preparation of the annual climate gas inventory, which Switzerland is obliged to produce within the scope of the Kyoto Protocol, or as the basis for planning air pollution control measures. The FOEN thus decided to carry out this study for the purpose of updating the non-road emissions database that was created in 1996. Emission sources The non-road segment encompasses all mobile machines and appliances that are equipped with a combustion engine and are not intended to transport passengers and goods by road. For calculation purposes, the various machines and appliances of the non-road segment were divided into the following categories: > Construction machinery > Industrial machinery > Agricultural machinery > Forestry machinery > Garden-care/hobby appliances > Marine machinery > Railway machinery > Military machinery The term “nonroad” as used in this report does not refer to all-terrain motor cars (“offroad vehicles”). It refers solely to mobile machines and appliances that are not intended to transport passengers and goods by road. Air pollutants In this report, the emission levels of the four “classical” air pollutants > Carbon monoxide (CO) > Hydrocarbons (HC) > Nitrogen oxides (NO x ) > Particulate matter (PM) plus those of one greenhouse gas > Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) have been calculated and expressed in tonnes per annum (tonnes p.a., t/a).
Summary 9 Calculation methodology Emissions were mainly calculated on the basis of the following fundamentals: > Inventories, number of operating hours and rated power of non-road machines and appliances > Load factors, emission factors and adjustment factors for these machines and appliances. For each type of machine and each pollutant, the total emissions are calculated by multiplying the number of operating hours by the corresponding emission factors, and subsequently adding them together. Here the emission factors for the four classical pollutants depend to a very great extent on the type of machine and its method of operation. By contrast, CO 2 emissions are a direct consequence of the consumption of fuel, and are directly coupled to this using fixed conversion factors. Inventories, operating hours and fuel consumption in the non-road segment in 2005 Table 1 shows that the category with the greatest number of machines is gardencare/hobby appliances, with a proportion of 60% of the total inventory in 2005, followed by agricultural machines (27%). In terms of fuel consumption, however, the picture is completely different: due to the lengthy operating times per machine and the high engine rated power, construction machinery accounts for 31% of total fuel consumption (diesel and petrol) in the nonroad segment. Despite the much greater number of machines, the corresponding figure for the garden-care/hobby appliances category is only 3%. Agricultural machinery also accounts for a high proportion of fuel consumption (38%). Tab. 1 > Inventories, operating hours, fuel and energy consumption in the non-road segment in 2005 Inventories, operating hours and fuel consumption of non-road machines and appliances in 2005 (figures rounded up/down) Machine category Inventory Operating hours Operating hours per Fuel consumption [tonnes p.a.] Energy consumption [-] [million hrs p.a.] machine [hrs p.a.] Diesel 1 Petrol Gas [PJ] Construction machinery 47,400 18.3 390 117,000 2,550 - 5.12 Industrial machinery 22,700 15.0 660 48,300 2,150 6,840 2.48 Agricultural machinery 340,000 36.6 110 126,000 18,800 - 6.19 Forestry machinery 12,700 2.6 200 7,630 2,290 - 0.42 Garden-care/hobby appliances 764,000 20.8 30 - 10,500 - 0.45 Marine machinery 82,600 3.3 40 22,170 14,300 - 1.56 Railway machinery 1,260 0.77 620 11,300 - - 0.48 Military machinery 1,340 0.07 50 1,130 14 - 0.05 Total (non-road segment) 1,270,000 97.4 - 333,000 50,600 6,840 16.7 1 Marine machinery = including heating oil for steamships
Page 1: Environmental studies > Air 28 08 >
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Index 169 Tab. 26 Emission factors
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Index 171 SBB 2006: Statistisches V
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