Drug abuse in Pakistan - United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

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DRUG ABUSE IN PAKISTAN decl<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> their area. Interest<strong>in</strong>gly, those <strong>in</strong> Punjab and <strong>in</strong> urban areas were more likely to agree with this statement than those elsewhere, support<strong>in</strong>g the suggestion that there has been a diffusion of hero<strong>in</strong> to new areas but that <strong>abuse</strong> rates have not risen <strong>in</strong> areas with an established problem. 22
4 Interviews with drug <strong>abuse</strong>rs In this section data from the <strong>in</strong>terviews with drug <strong>abuse</strong>rs are presented. As previously noted, <strong>in</strong> each of the four cities <strong>in</strong>cluded <strong>in</strong> the study (Karachi, Lahore, Quetta, and Peshawar), three samples of <strong>in</strong>terviews with drug <strong>abuse</strong>rs were collected. These were: drug-<strong>abuse</strong>rs <strong>in</strong> treatment (persons receiv<strong>in</strong>g treatment for an alcohol problem only were not <strong>in</strong>cluded <strong>in</strong> the sample), drug-<strong>abuse</strong>rs <strong>in</strong> prison and drug-<strong>abuse</strong>rs recruited <strong>in</strong> street sett<strong>in</strong>gs. For the purposes of bre vity and convenience we have used the term “addict <strong>in</strong>terviews” to refer to these samples. The reader should note that the sampl<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>clusion criterion used was that the respondents should be regular users of hero<strong>in</strong> or drug <strong>in</strong>jectors, and <strong>in</strong> practice the sample did consist largely of apparently dependent opioid users. A formal measure of dependence itself was not used as a sampl<strong>in</strong>g criterion, however, although such a measure was made <strong>in</strong> the <strong>in</strong>terview. Data collection The analysis presented here will consider the three groups of “addict <strong>in</strong>terviews” <strong>in</strong> their totality and also make comparisons across the three groups. All <strong>in</strong>terviews were conducted by tra<strong>in</strong>ed members of the research team, and were carried out on a voluntary and confidential basis. As recruit<strong>in</strong>g street samples of drug <strong>abuse</strong>rs is methodologically challeng<strong>in</strong>g members of the research team with previous experience of this k<strong>in</strong>d of work or who had life experiences that allowed them to more easily access drug <strong>abuse</strong>rs were used to assist with this part of the study. One thousand and fifty-five <strong>in</strong>terviews were conducted for this study. After data clean<strong>in</strong>g and check<strong>in</strong>g procedures, a small number of <strong>in</strong>terviews (6) where excluded for reasons of the quality of the report<strong>in</strong>g. Thus 1,049 <strong>in</strong>terviews were available for analysis and of these 12 were female and 1,037 male. This sample cannot be thought of as reflect<strong>in</strong>g patterns of illicit drug use among <strong>Pakistan</strong>i women. Whilst the <strong>abuse</strong> of hero<strong>in</strong> appears lower among women than for men, the relative levels cannot be estimated from data reported here. For a number of cultural reasons and other considerations, women appear disproportionately unlikely to appear <strong>in</strong> any of the samples collected for this study and the topic of drug <strong>abuse</strong> among women is taken up <strong>in</strong> the conclud<strong>in</strong>g part of this report. For the purposes of clarity and focus <strong>in</strong> report<strong>in</strong>g on the study, the follow<strong>in</strong>g analyses are restricted to the sample of 1,037 male respondents. Slightly more of these <strong>in</strong>terviews were conducted with treatment attendees (415), than with the street addict sample (321), or the prison addict sample (301). Demographics—age distribution The mean age of the three sample groups were remarkably similar, 33 years for respondents <strong>in</strong>terviewed <strong>in</strong> both treatment and street samples, and 31 years for those respondents 23
Page 1 and 2: Supported by the UNDCP Global Asses
Page 3 and 4: UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR DRUG CONT
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgements The National <stro
Page 7 and 8: Contents Acknowledgements . . . . .
Page 9 and 10: 3. Respondents’ perceptions of th
Page 11 and 12: Executive summary The Pakis
Page 13 and 14: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY About half of tho
Page 15: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY on these groups c
Page 18 and 19: DRUG ABUSE IN PAKISTAN data are to
Page 20 and 21: DRUG ABUSE IN PAKISTAN at the time
Page 22 and 23: DRUG ABUSE IN PAKISTAN Act also all
Page 25: 2 Rationale, methods and sampl<stro
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Page 36 and 37: DRUG ABUSE IN PAKISTAN Perceptions
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Page 60 and 61: DRUG ABUSE IN PAKISTAN procedures f
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Page 77 and 78: IMPLICATIONS OF THE NATIONAL ASSESS
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DRUG ABUSE IN PAKISTAN Table A.II.1
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Annex III. Tables supplemental to p
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ANNEX III. TABLES SUPPLEMENTAL TO P
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ANNEX III. TABLES SUPPLEMENTAL TO P
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Drug abuse in Pakistan - United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

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