THESE de DOCTORAT - cerfacs
THESE de DOCTORAT - cerfacs THESE de DOCTORAT - cerfacs
88 Chapter 5: Assessment of combustion noise in a premixed swirled combustor u ′ i,LES = u′ i,hyd + u′ i,ac (5.6) Appling the operator ∂/∂t to Eq. (5.6) leads to ∂u ′ i,LES ∂t = ∂u′ i,hyd ∂t + ∂u′ i,ac ∂t (5.7) From linear acoustics, the momentum equation is given by ¯ρ ∂u′ i,ac ∂t = − ∂p′ ac ∂x i (5.8) where ¯[] and [] ′ represent respectively the mean and fluctuating flow. Combining Eq. (5.8) and Eq. (5.7) leads to − 1¯ρ ∂p ′ ac ∂x i + ∂u′ i,hyd ∂t = ∂u′ i,LES ∂t (5.9) Finally the divergence operator to this equation is applied to yield − ∂ ( ∂p ∂x i 1¯ρ ′ ) ( ) ac + ∂ ∂u ′ i,hyd = ∂2 u i,LES ′ ∂x i ∂x i ∂t ∂x i ∂t (5.10) 5.4.1 Finding ∂u i,hyd ∂x i Neglecting viscosity, species diffusion and heat conduction, the Navier-Stokes equations for reacting flows read ∂ρ ∂t + ρ ∂u j ∂x j + u j ∂ρ ∂x j = 0 (5.11) ρ ∂u i ∂t + ρu ∂u i j = − ∂p (5.12) ∂x j ∂x i ρc p ∂T ∂t + ρc pu j ∂T ∂x j = ˙ω T (5.13) In the low-Mach number approximation, the thermodynamic pressure ¯p only depends on tem-
5.4 Filtering a LES pressure field to find the corresponding acoustic field 89 perature. The equation of state is simply Replacing Eq. 5.14 in the left hand side of the Eq. (5.13) leads to ¯p r = K 0 = ρT (5.14) ρc p ∂K 0 /ρ ∂t + ρc p u j ∂K 0 /ρ ∂x j = ˙ω T (5.15) Developing Eq. (5.15), and combining it with Eq. (5.11) results in a simplified equation in which density ρ is not anymore present. It reads ∂u j ∂x j = 1 c p K 0 ˙ω T (5.16) This velocity field is supposed to be composed only by hydrodynamics, due to the fact that in the low Mach number model the acoustic wave length is infinitely long and then ∂u ac /∂x j ≈ 0. One can state that the divergence of the fluctuating velocity is ∂u ′ j,hyd ∂x j = 1 c p K 0 ˙ω ′ T (5.17) 5.4.2 Finding the Acoustic Pressure Injecting Eq. (5.17) into Eq. (5.10) leads to − ∂ ( ∂p ∂x i 1¯ρ ′ ) ( ) ac = ∂ ∂u ′ i,LES − ˙ω′ T ∂x i ∂t ∂x i c p K 0 (5.18) or in the frequency domain Finally, multiplying everywhere by γ ¯p ( ) ∂ ∂ ˆp ac = iω ∂x i 1¯ρ ∂û i,LES − iω ˆ˙ω T (5.19) ∂x i ∂x i c p K 0
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5.4 Filtering a LES pressure field to find the corresponding acoustic field 89<br />
perature. The equation of state is simply<br />
Replacing Eq. 5.14 in the left hand si<strong>de</strong> of the Eq. (5.13) leads to<br />
¯p<br />
r = K 0 = ρT (5.14)<br />
ρc p<br />
∂K 0 /ρ<br />
∂t<br />
+ ρc p u j<br />
∂K 0 /ρ<br />
∂x j<br />
= ˙ω T (5.15)<br />
Developing Eq. (5.15), and combining it with Eq. (5.11) results in a simplified equation in which<br />
<strong>de</strong>nsity ρ is not anymore present. It reads<br />
∂u j<br />
∂x j<br />
= 1<br />
c p K 0<br />
˙ω T (5.16)<br />
This velocity field is supposed to be composed only by hydrodynamics, due to the fact that in<br />
the low Mach number mo<strong>de</strong>l the acoustic wave length is infinitely long and then ∂u ac /∂x j ≈ 0.<br />
One can state that the divergence of the fluctuating velocity is<br />
∂u ′ j,hyd<br />
∂x j<br />
= 1<br />
c p K 0<br />
˙ω ′ T (5.17)<br />
5.4.2 Finding the Acoustic Pressure<br />
Injecting Eq. (5.17) into Eq. (5.10) leads to<br />
− ∂ (<br />
∂p<br />
∂x i<br />
1¯ρ<br />
′ ) ( )<br />
ac<br />
= ∂ ∂u<br />
′<br />
i,LES<br />
− ˙ω′ T<br />
∂x i ∂t ∂x i c p K 0<br />
(5.18)<br />
or in the frequency domain<br />
Finally, multiplying everywhere by γ ¯p<br />
( )<br />
∂ ∂ ˆp ac<br />
= iω<br />
∂x i<br />
1¯ρ<br />
∂û i,LES<br />
− iω ˆ˙ω T<br />
(5.19)<br />
∂x i ∂x i c p K 0