Economics(Paper-4) - Shivaji University
Economics(Paper-4) - Shivaji University Economics(Paper-4) - Shivaji University
some scholars attempted to explore whether we could have some indicators of sustainability that are easier to compute and more widely acceptable than the indicators of sustainability. Indicators of sustainability are different from traditional indicators of economic, social and environmental progress. Professor Barthwal of Indian Institute of Technology Knapur has highlighted some important indicators of sustainable development. They are – 1) GDP growth rate 2) Population stability. 3) Human Resources Development Index 4) Clean Air index 5) Energy intensity 6) Renewable energy proportion. 7) Material intensity 8) W ater use. 9) Soil degradation 10) Forest coverage. 11) Recycling proportions. 12) Transport intensity. To this one may also add, proportion of urban population, access to sewage and water facilities, government allocation for environmental protection, efficacy of policy tools, environmental awareness of the people, etc. 1.3. Glossary : 1) Economic development : Economic development is process where by an economy’s real national income increase over a long period of time. 2) Underdeveloped economy : Underdeveloped economy is one in which per capital real income is low as compared to developed economy. 3) Capital Deficiency : Shortage of capital 4) Unutilized Natural Resources : Not fully and properly utilized. 5) Poverty : Mean a situation in which individual or family inable to satisfy basic needs of life. 6) Sustainable development : Sustainable development means meeting the needs of the future generation without compromising the needs of present generation. 123456789012345678901234567890121234567 123456789012345678901234567890121234567 8 123456789012345678901234567890121234567 123456789012345678901234567890121234567 123456789012345678901234567890121234567 123456789012345678901234567890121234567 123456789012345678901234567890121234567 123456789012345678901234567890121234567
7) Goals : objectives. 8) Disguised Unemployment : Hidden unemployment. 9) MDGS : Millennium Development Goals. 2.5. Questions for Self – Learning : A) Write answers in one sentence. 1) What is economic development? 2) Define the underdeveloped economy. 3) What is sustainable development. 4) Who is the pioneer in the studies of underdeveloped economies. 5) Which striking feature of underdeveloped economies. B) Fill in the blanks : 1) Per capita real income is ________ in the underdeveloped countries. 2) _______ is the pioneer in the studies of underdeveloped economy. 3) The share of the primary sector in the underdeveloped countries is ________. 4) An underdeveloped country is poverty _________ 5) The people in underdeveloped countries are economically ___________ 6) The underdeveloped countries are generally suffering from the problem of ________ population. 7) ________ is the main occupation of underdeveloped country. 8) _________ is striking feature of under-developed country. 9) The percentage of economically active population is ________ in underdeveloped countries. 10) _________ is indicators of sustainable development. 2.6. Answer’s of self-Learning Question : A) 1) “Economics development is a process whereby an economy’s real national income increase over long period of time.” 2) An under-developed country is one in which per capital real income is low compared with developed countries. 3) Sustainable development means meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising with the need of the future generations. 9 123456789012345678901234567890121234567 123456789012345678901234567890121234567 123456789012345678901234567890121234567 123456789012345678901234567890121234567 123456789012345678901234567890121234567 123456789012345678901234567890121234567 123456789012345678901234567890121234567 123456789012345678901234567890121234567
- Page 1 and 2: B. A. Part-III : Economics Paper 4
- Page 3 and 4: 7) “ Economic development is a pr
- Page 5 and 6: underdeveloped countries in compari
- Page 7: developing states through the progr
- Page 11 and 12: UNIT - 2 Theories of Economic Growt
- Page 13 and 14: structure of the traditional societ
- Page 15 and 16: help of example, “If we take marg
- Page 17 and 18: promote and enhance social welfare.
- Page 19 and 20: B The Closed Economy : Assumptions
- Page 21 and 22: B The Process of Economic Expansion
- Page 23 and 24: consider the possibility of the cap
- Page 25 and 26: gap between income and expenditure
- Page 27 and 28: disequalising force is trade, which
- Page 29 and 30: 8. Rostow developed his theory in
- Page 31 and 32: UNIT - 3 Domestic Measures for Econ
- Page 33 and 34: all kinds. Hence, capital formation
- Page 35 and 36: policy. But these trio are and may
- Page 37 and 38: 1) Provision of food to evergrowing
- Page 39 and 40: the country.The central bank contro
- Page 41 and 42: 7) Public Spending : Fiscal policy
- Page 43 and 44: 3.3 Conclusion / Summary : Capital
- Page 45 and 46: UNIT - 4 International Measures for
- Page 47 and 48: Y P S C Import E D P O X1 X2 B X Ex
- Page 49 and 50: for the developing countries has al
- Page 51 and 52: they are entitled to get dividend a
- Page 53 and 54: 4) Infrastructure : Since last thre
- Page 55 and 56: III) Advantages of Multi-national C
- Page 57 and 58: oundaries of nation states. 2) Mean
some scholars attempted to explore whether we could have some indicators of<br />
sustainability that are easier to compute and more widely acceptable than the indicators<br />
of sustainability. Indicators of sustainability are different from traditional indicators of<br />
economic, social and environmental progress. Professor Barthwal of Indian Institute of<br />
Technology Knapur has highlighted some important indicators of sustainable<br />
development. They are –<br />
1) GDP growth rate<br />
2) Population stability.<br />
3) Human Resources Development Index<br />
4) Clean Air index<br />
5) Energy intensity<br />
6) Renewable energy proportion.<br />
7) Material intensity<br />
8) W ater use.<br />
9) Soil degradation<br />
10) Forest coverage.<br />
11) Recycling proportions.<br />
12) Transport intensity.<br />
To this one may also add, proportion of urban population, access to sewage and<br />
water facilities, government allocation for environmental protection, efficacy of policy<br />
tools, environmental awareness of the people, etc.<br />
1.3. Glossary :<br />
1) Economic development : Economic development is process where by an<br />
economy’s real national income increase over a long period of time.<br />
2) Underdeveloped economy : Underdeveloped economy is one in which per<br />
capital real income is low as compared to developed economy.<br />
3) Capital Deficiency : Shortage of capital<br />
4) Unutilized Natural Resources : Not fully and properly utilized.<br />
5) Poverty : Mean a situation in which individual or family inable to satisfy basic<br />
needs of life.<br />
6) Sustainable development : Sustainable development means meeting the<br />
needs of the future generation without compromising the needs of present<br />
generation.<br />
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