Government-funded programmes and services for vulnerable - Unicef

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CHAPTER 8 Department of Water Affairs Introduction The rights to water and sanitation are guaranteed by the South African Constitution, the UNCRC (Article 24(c)) and the ACRWC (Article 14(2)(c)) and it is primarily the responsibility of the Department of Water Affairs (DWA) to realise these rights. Section 27(1)(b) of the Constitution guarantees that ‘everyone has the right to have access to sufficient water’ and section 24(a) guarantees everyone the right to ‘an environment that is not harmful to their health or well-being’. The rights to water and sanitation are especially important for children, and even more so for two particularly vulnerable groups of children, namely, very young children and children living with HIV/AIDS. Young children, more so than others, are very vulnerable to the risks posed by contaminated water, poor sanitation and inadequate hygiene. In South Africa, it is argued that better sanitation alone could reduce diarrhoea-related morbidity by a third, and if one adds improved hygiene, this could be reduced by two-thirds (Coutsoudis et al. 2008: 88). In the case of children living with HIV/AIDS, more water and higher sanitation levels are required than for other children in order to ensure their health, standard of living and dignity. For example, extra care is necessary in the preparation of food to minimise the risk of gastrointestinal infections, to which HIV-infected people are more susceptible; frequent bathing is necessitated by susceptibility to skin infections; the frequency of diarrhoea for people living with HIV requires additional water to prevent dehydration and additional flushing sanitation facilities. A matter common to both very young children and to people living with HIV/AIDS is the additional water and hygiene facilities required for safe bottle feeding, the feeding method of choice for many HIV-positive mothers. Access to additional water is not only important for people and children infected with HIV, but also for their caregivers and other members of the household. Access to additional water is important to lessen the burden of caring for an HIV-infected household and to ensure that other members do not have to sacrifice their water in order to meet the additional needs of the HIV-infected members in the household. 93 Key policies 94 ● Free Basic Water Policy, 2000 ● White Paper on Basic Household Sanitation, 2001 ● ‘Free Basic Water’ Implementation Strategy, 2001 ● National Sanitation Programme, 2001 ● Policy Framework on Orphans and other Children Made Vulnerable by HIV and AIDS South Africa, 2005 ● The National Action Plan for Orphans and Other Children Made Vulnerable by HIV and AIDS South Africa, 2006–2008 ● The National Integrated Plan for Early Childhood Development in South Africa, 2005–2010 93 Affidavit in the High Court of South Africa Witwatersrand Local Division, Mazibuko v City of Johannesburg, Case No. 06/13865, www.law.wits.ac.za 94 This study drew on previous policy mapping exercises conducted by Kallmann (2008) and Giese and Koch (2008c) to assist with the identification and navigation of a number of the key policies and laws. 189
Government-funded programmes and services for vulnerable children in SA ● The Strategic Framework for Water Services, 2003 ● HIV and AIDS and STI National Strategic Plan, 2007–2011 ● Multi-Year Strategic Plan, 2007/08–2009/10, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry ● Multi-Year Strategic Plan, 2009/10–2013/14, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry ● The National Action Plan for Orphans and Other Children Made Vulnerable by HIV and AIDS South Africa, 2009–2012 Key legislation ● The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Act No. 108 of 1996 ● The Water Services Act, No. 108 of 1997 Programmes and services provided Free basic water programme Table 8.1 Programme/service map: Department of Water Affairs Programme/ services Description of the programmes/actual service provided Targeted beneficiaries/ qualifying criteria/how to obtain the service Delivery mechanism/ service providers Free basic water programme The free basic water policy, adopted in July 2001, makes provision for local municipalities to provide, within their capacity, up to a maximum of 6 000 litres of free safe water per household. Municipalities are not obliged to give the full 6 000 litres, but rather what they are able to provide within their means. i As such, there is great variation between the levels of the benefit between different areas. Poor households for whom free basic services represent a significant poverty alleviation measure ii Who qualifies as poor for the purposes of this policy is determined by the local authorities that are responsible for the delivery of the service. Local municipalities Access to the benefit is premised on poverty levels within the household. ➔ 190
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Government-funded programmes and services for vulnerable - Unicef

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