Child Drowning

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ACRONYMS AusAID BHIS BIS BMI CAIS CD CDD CIPRB CODMOD CPR DALY DSP DSS EPI GBD HIC ICD ICDDRB ILSF IMCI IMR IRC LIC JIS LMIC MCH MDGs MDS MIC NCD LMIC ORS PLSS PRECISE RLSSA RTA SIDS TASC TNIS U5MR UTD VMIS WHO WHO CHOICE Australian Agency for International Development Bangladesh Health and Injury Survey Beijing Injury Survey body mass index Cambodia Accident and Injury Survey communicable disease control of diarrhoeal diseases Centre for Injury Prevention and Research, Bangladesh cause of death model (GBD estimation methodology) cardiopulmonary resuscitation disability-adjusted life year Disease Surveillance Points (system in China) Demographic Surveillance System Expanded Programme on Immunization Global Burden of Disease (World Health Organization) high-income country International Classification of Diseases International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh International Life Saving Federation Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) initiative infant mortality rate Innocenti Research Centre (UNICEF) low-income country Jiangxi Injury Survey low- and middle-income country maternal and child health (programmes) Millennium Development Goals Million Death Study (India) middle-income country non-communicable disease low- and middle-income countries oral rehydration salts (or solution) Philippine Drowning Prevention Council Prevention of Child Injuries through Social Intervention and Education Royal Life Saving Society-Australia Road traffic accident sudden infant death syndrome The Alliance for Safe Children Thai National Injury Survey under-five mortality rate undetermined (cause of death) Vietnam Multicenter Injury Survey World Health Organization CHOosing Interventions that are Cost Effective (methodology) 74
ANNEX: LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS This paper incorporates the professional contributions of many people. It is a continuation of the UNICEF Innocenti Working Paper Series on ‘Child Mortality and Injury in Asia’ published in 2007. It pulls together the body of work related to child drowning from the series as well as an additional national survey done in Cambodia and research on drowning interventions done in Bangladesh, China, Thailand and Viet Nam. The authors gratefully acknowledge the enormous effort and contribution from the survey research teams in each country as well as the operational research collaborators in Bangladesh, China, Thailand and Viet Nam. The authors are representing The Working Group on Child Drowning in LMICs, at the International Drowning Research Centre – Bangladesh. We ask that all credit for the contents of this paper be given to the professionals listed below as well as the authors and we accept the responsibility for any errors made in presenting their work in this paper. PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS FOR THE NATIONAL AND SUB-NATIONAL SURVEYS Viet Nam – Le Vu Anh, Pham Viet Cuong and Le Cu Linh (Hanoi School of Public Health) Bangladesh – Fazlur Rahman, Aminur Rahman (Centre for Injury Prevention and Research, Bangladesh) and Shumona Shafinaz (UNICEF Bangladesh) Thailand – Chitr Sitti-Amorn, Orapin Chaipayom and Venus Udomprasertgul (Chulalongkorn University) Beijing, China – Guang Zeng, Jing Rui-wei (China Field Epidemiology Training Program (CFETP), Beijing) Jiangxi, China – Guang Zeng, Jing Rui-wei (CFETP, Beijing) and Zhu Liping (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangxi Province) Cambodia – Tith Vong, Mich Kanthul, and Saint Lundy (National Institute of Statistics, Ministry of Planning), Chan Sodara and Mao Bunsouth (National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health) STAFF AND FELLOWS OF THE ALLIANCE FOR SAFE CHILDREN (TASC) Pete Peterson, Vi Le Peterson, Michael Linnan, Ross Cox, Thomas Dunn, Tracie Reinten- Reynolds, Belinda Lawton, Jennifer Dobbertin, Kaylene Askew, Katrina Irwin, Jonathan Ehsani, Ian Scott, Thomas Mecrow, Tarina Rubin, Danyel Walker, Vicky Cardenas 75
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UNICEF Office of Research Child Dro
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THE UNICEF OFFICE OF RESEARCH In 19
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Childhood drownin
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Household survey findings Drowning
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Loss of health and social investmen
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INTRODUCTION Children living in dev
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(iii) Methodology: Most surveys ha
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Proportion of drowning Figure 1: Dr
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In high-income countries (HICs), be
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Table 2: ICD-10 drowning (1997) W65
Page 23 and 24: - had no data reported, or none rep
Page 25 and 26: data from multiple sources includin
Page 27 and 28: A combination of these approaches i
Page 29 and 30: Mortality rate/1,000 Drownng propor
Page 31 and 32: Figure 7: Mortality among children
Page 33 and 34: A second conclusion is that the cur
Page 35 and 36: Cumulative proportion Drowning rate
Page 37 and 38: Table 6 shows the severity of the n
Page 39 and 40: Bangladesh Jiangxi China Cambodia B
Page 41 and 42: 1. Drowning risks are higher when c
Page 43 and 44: Rate per 100,000 Figure 17: Cause o
Page 45 and 46: Figure 19: Resuscitation received b
Page 47 and 48: drowning. It states: “Unprecedent
Page 49 and 50: esult, children fall in and drown,
Page 51 and 52: Drowning rate per 100,000 2.6 LEVEL
Page 53 and 54: 3. EVIDENCE FOR PREVENTION It is of
Page 55 and 56: drowning is a leading but preventab
Page 57 and 58: Mortality Rate (per 1,000) Figure 2
Page 59 and 60: The analysis allowed examination of
Page 61 and 62: Table 9: Number of children needed
Page 63 and 64: The intervention developed a formal
Page 65 and 66: immediate resuscitation is discusse
Page 67 and 68: 2011) has 107 indicators, but does
Page 69 and 70: systems and standards, and manageme
Page 71 and 72: 5.3 STIMULATING AND SUSTAINING INVE
Page 73: effective against ‘other diseases
Page 77 and 78: STAFF AND VOLUNTEERS OF THE ROYAL L
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Child Drowning

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