Child Drowning

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Percent of deaths Figure 6: Causes of mortality in IMCI trial, children 0-4 years old, Matlab, Bangladesh, 2001-2002 and 2005-2007 30 25 20 15 Baseline 2001 - 2002 Endline 2005 - 2007 10 5 0 Source: Arifeen S. et al. (August 2009). ‘Effect of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness strategy on childhood mortality and nutrition in a rural area of in Bangladesh: A cluster randomized trial’, The Lancet, 374(9687):393-403, table 3. Figure 6 shows that injury, including drowning, now impacts under-five mortality in both infants under one and children 1-4 years old. The first month of life (the neonatal period) is the period with the largest number of deaths in childhood. Injury was responsible for almost one out of four (24.6 per cent deaths in children from day 7 of life through 59 months in 2001-2002. 22 The figure also shows that over the five-year period of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI) trial, injury increased from 24.6 per cent deaths at the baseline to 29.7 per cent at the end of the trial. This is consistent with the previous figure showing the increasing proportion of deaths from drowning among children 1-4 years old over the period 1983 to 2003. Reports from the Matlab DSS as well as findings from the 2003 Bangladesh Health and Injury Survey show that over 9 out of 10 injury deaths in children aged 1-4 are due to drowning. 23 Since this cohort is a key age group for attainment of MDG4, it follows that drowning reduction is an important strategy for achievement of the goal. 1.8 IMPACT ON EARLY CHILD MORTALITY IN THE ASIAN REGION Drowning rates are especially high in early childhood. The peak rates are usually in the second year of life. Over half of drowning occurs before the end of the fifth year of life. Unless drowning reduction becomes a priority in countries struggling with early child mortality reduction, this may present a major barrier to MDG 4 achievement. The large proportional contribution of drowning in early child mortality in LMIC countries in Asia is shown in Figure 7. 22 Arifeen S. et al. (2009). ‘Effect of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness strategy on childhood mortality and nutrition in a rural area of in Bangladesh: A cluster randomized trial’, The Lancet 374:393-403. 23 Rahman, A. et al. (January 2005). Bangladesh Health and Injury Survey: Report on children. Dhaka: Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Institute of Child and Mother Health, United Nations Children’s Fund and The Alliance for Safe Children. 30
Figure 7: Mortality among children 0-17 years old, by cause and age group Source: Data from countries included in the surveys: Bangladesh Health and Injury Survey 2002, Cambodia Accident and Injury Survey 2006, Jiangxi Injury Survey 2005 (China) and Thailand National Injury Survey 2003. Drowning is represented by the red bars in each graph. The bars of different shades of blue represent other injury causes (such as road traffic, animal bites, burns, falls, etc.). The dark grey bars represent communicable disease (CD) and the medium grey bars represent non-communicable disease (NCD). The light grey bar at the top of each country represents those deaths where the cause was unable to be determined (UTD) by the verbal autopsy process. At a glance, it is clear that drowning makes up a significant proportion of child mortality in each country and is heavily concentrated in early childhood. Yet drowning interventions are currently not included in child mortality reduction interventions in any of the country programmes. In the countries surveyed that have not yet achieved MDG 4 (Bangladesh and Cambodia), the proportion of mortality due to drowning in the 1-4 age group will present an impediment to achievement of the goal. For the two countries surveyed that have already achieved MDG 4 (China and Thailand), given that drowning is responsible for a large proportion of deaths among children it will be difficult to continue to drive down early child mortality rates rapidly until it is addressed. 31
Page 1 and 2: UNICEF Office of Research Child Dro
Page 3 and 4: THE UNICEF OFFICE OF RESEARCH In 19
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary
Page 7 and 8: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Childhood drownin
Page 9 and 10: Household survey findings Drowning
Page 11 and 12: Loss of health and social investmen
Page 13 and 14: INTRODUCTION Children living in dev
Page 15 and 16: (iii) Methodology: Most surveys ha
Page 17 and 18: Proportion of drowning Figure 1: Dr
Page 19 and 20: In high-income countries (HICs), be
Page 21 and 22: Table 2: ICD-10 drowning (1997) W65
Page 23 and 24: - had no data reported, or none rep
Page 25 and 26: data from multiple sources includin
Page 27 and 28: A combination of these approaches i
Page 29: Mortality rate/1,000 Drownng propor
Page 33 and 34: A second conclusion is that the cur
Page 35 and 36: Cumulative proportion Drowning rate
Page 37 and 38: Table 6 shows the severity of the n
Page 39 and 40: Bangladesh Jiangxi China Cambodia B
Page 41 and 42: 1. Drowning risks are higher when c
Page 43 and 44: Rate per 100,000 Figure 17: Cause o
Page 45 and 46: Figure 19: Resuscitation received b
Page 47 and 48: drowning. It states: “Unprecedent
Page 49 and 50: esult, children fall in and drown,
Page 51 and 52: Drowning rate per 100,000 2.6 LEVEL
Page 53 and 54: 3. EVIDENCE FOR PREVENTION It is of
Page 55 and 56: drowning is a leading but preventab
Page 57 and 58: Mortality Rate (per 1,000) Figure 2
Page 59 and 60: The analysis allowed examination of
Page 61 and 62: Table 9: Number of children needed
Page 63 and 64: The intervention developed a formal
Page 65 and 66: immediate resuscitation is discusse
Page 67 and 68: 2011) has 107 indicators, but does
Page 69 and 70: systems and standards, and manageme
Page 71 and 72: 5.3 STIMULATING AND SUSTAINING INVE
Page 73 and 74: effective against ‘other diseases
Page 75 and 76: ANNEX: LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS This pa
Page 77 and 78: STAFF AND VOLUNTEERS OF THE ROYAL L

Child Drowning

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?