Child Drowning

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U5 Mortality Rate Figure 4: Under-5 mortality rate by cause of death, Matlab, Bangladesh, 1974-2003 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 Diarrhoea Pneumonia Tetanus Measles Drowning Other 0 Source: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, 2003. In the pre-immunization era (1975-1980) drowning killed about the same number of children as measles. As measles and other vaccine-preventable causes of death were eliminated, drowning rose as a proportion of all deaths among children under five. This can be seen in Figure 5. 21 21 International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (November 2002). ‘The Emergence of Drowning as a Principal Cause of Childhood Death in Bangladesh’, ICDDR,B Periodicals, Health and Science Bulletin, 1(1). 28
Mortality rate/1,000 Drownng proportion of all 1-4 year deaths Figure 5: Proportional mortality by cause in children 1-4 years old, Matlab, Bangladesh, 1983-2003 35 30 25 20 70 60 50 40 15 10 5 0 30 20 10 0 All cause mortality Drowning mortality drowning % all 1-4 deaths Source: Health and Demographic Surveillance System Report, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, 2003. Figure 5 shows a stable rate of fatal drowning over the 20 years reported from 1983 to the end of the reporting period in 2003. The red line at the bottom of the chart (read on the left axis) shows drowning mortality in children 1-4 years old. It is essentially unchanged at about 4 drowning deaths per 1,000 children over the 20 year period 1983 to 2003. As other causes of mortality (blue line, rates read on left axis) have decreased over the period due to widespread implementation of effective interventions, the proportion of drowning mortality as a percentage of all deaths has increased. This is shown by the yellow line whose value can be read on the vertical axis on the right side of the chart. While responsible for 9 per cent of deaths among children aged 1-4 in 1983 (yellow line, right axis), drowning was responsible for 57 per cent of deaths among the same age group 20 years later in 2003 (yellow line, right axis). Although figure 5 excludes infants, drowning is a significant killer of infants as well as children aged 1-4, as can be seen in Figure 6. 29
Page 1 and 2: UNICEF Office of Research Child Dro
Page 3 and 4: THE UNICEF OFFICE OF RESEARCH In 19
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary
Page 7 and 8: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Childhood drownin
Page 9 and 10: Household survey findings Drowning
Page 11 and 12: Loss of health and social investmen
Page 13 and 14: INTRODUCTION Children living in dev
Page 15 and 16: (iii) Methodology: Most surveys ha
Page 17 and 18: Proportion of drowning Figure 1: Dr
Page 19 and 20: In high-income countries (HICs), be
Page 21 and 22: Table 2: ICD-10 drowning (1997) W65
Page 23 and 24: - had no data reported, or none rep
Page 25 and 26: data from multiple sources includin
Page 27: A combination of these approaches i
Page 31 and 32: Figure 7: Mortality among children
Page 33 and 34: A second conclusion is that the cur
Page 35 and 36: Cumulative proportion Drowning rate
Page 37 and 38: Table 6 shows the severity of the n
Page 39 and 40: Bangladesh Jiangxi China Cambodia B
Page 41 and 42: 1. Drowning risks are higher when c
Page 43 and 44: Rate per 100,000 Figure 17: Cause o
Page 45 and 46: Figure 19: Resuscitation received b
Page 47 and 48: drowning. It states: “Unprecedent
Page 49 and 50: esult, children fall in and drown,
Page 51 and 52: Drowning rate per 100,000 2.6 LEVEL
Page 53 and 54: 3. EVIDENCE FOR PREVENTION It is of
Page 55 and 56: drowning is a leading but preventab
Page 57 and 58: Mortality Rate (per 1,000) Figure 2
Page 59 and 60: The analysis allowed examination of
Page 61 and 62: Table 9: Number of children needed
Page 63 and 64: The intervention developed a formal
Page 65 and 66: immediate resuscitation is discusse
Page 67 and 68: 2011) has 107 indicators, but does
Page 69 and 70: systems and standards, and manageme
Page 71 and 72: 5.3 STIMULATING AND SUSTAINING INVE
Page 73 and 74: effective against ‘other diseases
Page 75 and 76: ANNEX: LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS This pa
Page 77 and 78: STAFF AND VOLUNTEERS OF THE ROYAL L

Child Drowning

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