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68 Thomas de Benitez, Sarah, State of the World’s
Street Children: Violence, Consortium for Street
Children, London, 2007, p. 17.
69 Raffaeli, Marcela, et al., ‘Gender Differences in
Brazilian Street Youth’s Family Circumstances
and Experiences on the Street’, Child Abuse
& Neglect, vol. 24, no. 11, November 2000,
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70 Barker, Gary, et al., Urban Girls: Empowerment
, Intermediate
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CHAPTER 2 PANELS
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the urban poor
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, accessed 25 August
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CHAPTER 3
1 Black, Richard, et al., ‘Migration and Pro-poor
Policy in West Africa’, Working Paper C8,
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3 Stephens, Carolyn, Urban Social and
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4 Lu, Hong, and Shunfeng Song, ‘Rural Migrant’s
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5 van de Glind, Hans, ‘Migration and Child
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6 United Nations Children’s Fund, Children in
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7 van de Glind, ‘Migration and Child Labour’, p. 5.
8
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9 Whitehead, Ann, et al., ‘Child Migration, Child
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Africa and South Asia’, Working Paper T24,
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Globalisation and Poverty, Brighton, UK,
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10 Development Research Centre on Migration,
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11 International Labour Organization and
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12 Whitehead et al., ‘Child Migration, Child Agency’,
p. 17.
13 Ibid.
14 For a review see Whitehead et al., ‘Child
Migration, Child Agency’, p. 28; Kwankye,
Stephen O., et al., ‘Coping Strategies of
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Ghana to Southern Cities’, Working Paper T-23,
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and Sussex, UK, 2005.
15 Akar, Hanife, ‘Challenges for Schools in
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16 Whitehead, Ann, and Iman Hashim, ‘Children and
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17 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees,
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18 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees,
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September 2009, p. 2.
19 Lustig, Stuart L., et al., ‘Review of Child and
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20 Children in China, pp. 110–111; China Population
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21 Battistella, Graziano, and Cecilia G. Conaco,
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dren
in the Philippines’, SOJOURN: Journal
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22 International Labour Organization, Update on
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23 International Labour Organization, Global
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the impact of the global economic crisis on youth,
ILO, Geneva, August 2010.
24 Ibid., p. 13.
25 Peeters, Pia, et al., ‘Youth Employment in
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26 Global Employment Trends for Youth: Special
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27 Ibid., pp. 1–2.
Youth
Unemployment and Regional Insecurity in
West Africa, UNOWA Issues Papers, Dakar,
December 2005, p. 10; Odigie, S. A., and A. I.
Orobosa, ‘Population, Poverty and Sustainable
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al., Nigeria Political Economy and Sustainable
Developments, All Nations Printing Press, Benin
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‘Rural-Urban Migration of Young Persons from
African Journal of
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