'Elephants in the Dust' report - UNEP
'Elephants in the Dust' report - UNEP
'Elephants in the Dust' report - UNEP
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items such as ivory and rh<strong>in</strong>o horn, where it is cheap, readily<br />
available, and where law enforcement is weak. Unlike timber<br />
and m<strong>in</strong>erals however, <strong>the</strong> value of ivory is not enough alone<br />
to fund a war. However, buyers can actively pursue <strong>the</strong> trade<br />
<strong>in</strong> conflict areas. Indeed, <strong>the</strong> Janjaweed militia operat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong><br />
Darfur, Sudan and <strong>in</strong> eastern Chad are thought to have travelled<br />
from Darfur through Chad to kill between 300 and 600<br />
elephants <strong>in</strong> Camer oon <strong>in</strong> 2012 (CITES press release 2012b;<br />
Scanlon 2012). The Lord’s Resistance Army <strong>in</strong> Uganda have<br />
allegedly killed elephants for ivory <strong>in</strong> both Uganda, CAR, and<br />
<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> DRC (CITES press release 2012b), and Congolese, Burundian<br />
and Rwandan poachers armed with AK-47s and sometimes<br />
large amounts of ammunition have been responsible for<br />
elephant kill<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>in</strong> Tanzania.<br />
In <strong>the</strong> north, militias but sometimes also <strong>the</strong> regular armies, kill<br />
elephants. The ivory is <strong>the</strong>n smuggled through Darfur to Khartoum,<br />
Sudan, or from Kampala, Uganda to Mombasa, Keny a, or<br />
from CAR and Cameroon to <strong>the</strong> coast through Nigeri a, Equatorial<br />
Gu<strong>in</strong>ea and Gabon onto merchant ships, dry bulk ships<br />
or fish<strong>in</strong>g vessels. There is no doubt that militias are <strong>in</strong>volved<br />
<strong>in</strong> elephant poach<strong>in</strong>g, however <strong>the</strong>y are not solely responsible.<br />
There have also been claims of mili tary <strong>in</strong>volvement and even of<br />
<strong>the</strong> use of helicopters <strong>in</strong> poach<strong>in</strong>g. Police, customs and wildlife<br />
authorities <strong>in</strong> some countries have also been implicated <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
poach<strong>in</strong>g of elephants and illegal ivory trade.<br />
Track<strong>in</strong>g operations <strong>in</strong> Tanzania and <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>vestigations of poachers’<br />
camps, along with direct confrontations, arrests and seizures,<br />
have revealed <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>volvement of not only Tanzanian citizens,<br />
but also Somalis and Rwandans <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> kill<strong>in</strong>g of ele phants.<br />
The <strong>in</strong>volvement of organized crime, <strong>in</strong>flux of arms and <strong>the</strong> likelihood<br />
of encounter<strong>in</strong>g combat-hardened members of <strong>the</strong> military<br />
or militias pose a great risk to park rangers. Indeed, <strong>the</strong> tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g<br />
of rangers <strong>in</strong> bush warfare, good police tactical skills, particular <strong>in</strong><br />
track<strong>in</strong>g and <strong>in</strong>telligence ga<strong>the</strong>r<strong>in</strong>g is absolutely vital to <strong>the</strong> success<br />
of anti-poach<strong>in</strong>g operations and law enforcement.<br />
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